Contact Dermatitis最新文献

{"title":"Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Over-Ear Headphones: Chemical Analysis Reveals Octylisothiazolinone and Other Potential Skin Sensitizers.","authors":"Goël Fenech, Eddy Langlois, Eric Pelletier, Catherine Champmartin, Lynda Bensefa-Colas, Marie-Noëlle Crepy","doi":"10.1111/cod.70246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.70246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over-ear headphones are a growing source of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Identifying well-known and new culprit sensitizers in such products is challenging because of a lack of labelling and limited cooperation from manufacturers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report potential skin sensitizers in occupationally-used headphones from patients attending an occupational allergy clinic.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The over-ear headphones from two octylisothiazolinone (OIT)-allergic patients with ear ACD were chemically analysed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of OIT, but also other biocides (1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, cetylpyridinium chloride), rubber accelerators (zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate, 1,3 diphenyl guanidine, 1,3 di-O-tolyguanidine, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide), acrylates (isobornyl acrylate [IBOA]), plasticizers (triphenyl phosphate [TPP], tricresyl phosphate), oxidizers (benzoylperoxide) and organic solvent (dimethylformamide [DMF]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Over-ear headphones may contain reproductive toxicant such as DMF, as well as several sensitizers, including TPP, OIT and IBOA. Under the EU REACH Regulation, the use of DMF is restricted, TPP is listed as a Substance of Very High Concern, whereas OIT and IBOA are not subject to specific restriction. Across both occupational and non-occupational settings, the use of over-ear headphones may cause contact dermatitis due to exposure to various chemical substances. Our findings may serve to explain these and future cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Assisted Automated Two-Stage Patch Test Interpretation System Using Vision Transformer","authors":"Jin Ju Lee,&nbsp;Yon Soo Jeong,&nbsp;You Won Choi,&nbsp;Joo Young Roh,&nbsp;Hae Young Choi,&nbsp;So Hyun Ahn,&nbsp;Ji Yeon Byun","doi":"10.1111/cod.70209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70209","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patch testing, the gold standard for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) diagnosis, suffers from inter-observer variability. We developed a Vision Transformer-based automated patch test interpretation system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective two-centre study included 424 patients (734 images) using the Korean Standard Series (25 allergens). Four model variants—3-class and 6-class classification, each with one-stage and two-stage (binary segmentation + classification) processing—were compared. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Cohen's κ. Performance metrics included accuracy, balanced accuracy, macro F1-score, PPV, and NPV, with 95% CIs by bootstrap resampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inter-rater agreement showed substantial variability (κ: 0.393–0.557). DeiT demonstrated generally favourable performance compared to CNN architectures in binary classification, achieving higher accuracy than Xception (96.1% vs. 92.3%) and substantially higher recall than ResNet-50 (88.0% vs. 66.9%). For 3-class classification, one-stage and two-stage approaches performed comparably (accuracy 92.9% vs. 92.8%, balanced accuracy 88.0% vs. 86.8%, all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). For 6-class classification, two-stage processing was superior (accuracy 91.6% vs. 86.0%, balanced accuracy 70.1% vs. 67.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Institution-stratified analysis confirmed robustness across different test marking conventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 3-class approach offers robust performance with implementation flexibility, whilst 6-class classification requires two-stage processing. Consistent performance across a dataset with heterogeneous imaging conditions supports real-world applicability in ACD management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"358-369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148344146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone 10 Years After Regulation: A Case Story of Liquid Soaps and Shampoos","authors":"Mathias Krogh Pedersen,&nbsp;Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen,&nbsp;Jose Hernán Alfonso,&nbsp;Christel Søgaard Kirkeby,&nbsp;Stine Müller,&nbsp;Steen Mollerup,&nbsp;Gianluca Selvestrel,&nbsp;Christina Rudén,&nbsp;Martin F. Wilks,&nbsp;Jeanne Duus Johansen","doi":"10.1111/cod.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) remains common in the EU despite regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the extent of use of MCI/MI and MI in cosmetic products on the Danish market, identify product categories involved and evaluate compliance of rinse-off products with the 15 ppm limit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Products listing MCI/MI or MI were identified through Kemiluppen, a Danish database of marketed cosmetics. Thirty products (16 shampoos and 14 liquid soaps) were examined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: 25 labelled as containing MCI/MI or MI, 5 unlabelled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 257 cosmetic products containing MCI/MI or MI were identified, primarily shampoos (127), conditioners (98) and liquid soaps (8). Chemical analysis showed that 2 of 25 labelled products (8%) exceeded the 15 ppm limit, and 4 products did not meet the required 3:1 MCI/MI ratio.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MCI/MI is used infrequently in cosmetic products. All, except two products complied with the limit in the regulation. Given the continued occurrence of contact allergy, this indicates that the limit (15 ppm) may be too high to be sufficiently protective. Further investigation into MCI/MI use in cosmetic products is warranted, alongside more proactive risk assessment and management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"405-412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.70202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Site-Specific Patch Testing Directly at the Fixed Drug Eruption Site in Drug Allergy Investigation","authors":"Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul,&nbsp;Pattarawat Thantiworasit,&nbsp;Pungjai Mongkolpathumrat,&nbsp;Jettanong Klaewsongkram","doi":"10.1111/cod.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"425-427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patch Testing in Paediatric Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications","authors":"Gabriele Simonetti,&nbsp;Francesco Catamerò,&nbsp;Giulia Liccioli,&nbsp;Leonardo Tomei,&nbsp;Simona Barni,&nbsp;Mattia Giovannini,&nbsp;Lucrezia Sarti,&nbsp;Francesca Mori","doi":"10.1111/cod.70203","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common in children and are diagnostically challenging, with cutaneous manifestations being the most common presentation. Patch testing (PT) is a well-established tool for investigating delayed T-cell-mediated reactions and is widely used in patients with contact dermatitis. However, its role in paediatric DHRs remains unclear. Available data indicate that PT is safe and particularly useful when drug provocation testing is contraindicated, such as in patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions. However, diagnostic yield varies considerably among drug classes and clinical phenotypes. Sensitivity is generally low for beta-lactam and most non–beta-lactam antibiotics, which limits their standalone value in common exanthematous reactions. Higher positivity rates have been reported for antiepileptic drugs, and PT may help identify the culprit drug and assess its cross-reactivity. However, evidence supporting the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol remains scarce. Methodological heterogeneity and limited paediatric-specific data further constrain this interpretation. Overall, PT should be considered as a complementary diagnostic tool integrated with clinical history and other tests, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and prospective paediatric studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"349-357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acrylate Copolymers/Crosspolymers in Sunscreens: Minimally Allergenic, Without Evidence of Need for Avoidance by (Meth)Acrylate–Sensitized Individuals","authors":"Brandon L. Adler","doi":"10.1111/cod.70212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"430-431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragrance and Preservative Contact Allergens in Cosmetic and Household Cleaning Products in Turkey: Variation by Target Population, Product Type and Manufacturing Origin","authors":"Ömer Mangır,&nbsp;Esen Özkaya","doi":"10.1111/cod.70207","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fragrance and preservative chemicals in cosmetic and household cleaning products are recognised causes of allergic contact dermatitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify fragrance and preservative ingredients with potential contact allergenicity in Turkish market products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Labels of 245 products, including predominantly rinse-off cosmetic products and household cleaning products obtained during on-site visits to chain supermarkets were reviewed. Fragrance and preservative ingredients were scored (0–2) for reported allergen potential and summed as an ‘allergen load’ per product.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cosmetics had significantly higher number of fragrance ingredients and fragrance loads than cleaning products. The most frequent fragrance substances were linalool, limonene and hexyl cinnamal. Paediatric products contained fewer fragrance and preservative ingredients than adult products. Sodium benzoate, methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) were the most common preservatives; laundry detergents had the highest preservative load, wet wipes and surface cleaners the lowest. Anti-dandruff shampoos had higher allergen loads than regular shampoos. Fragrance-free/preservative-free claims conflicted with labels in 21.2%. Fragrance and preservative loads were weakly correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.260, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fragrance and preservative allergens are common in cosmetic and cleaning products in Turkey. More frequent MI and MCI in domestic products suggests limited substitution and possible regulatory gaps; anti-dandruff shampoos warrant caution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"396-404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold and Nickel Release From Gold-Plated Earrings Under Cysteine-Modified Artificial Sweat Conditions","authors":"Mikkel Bak Jensen,&nbsp;Malin Glindvad Ahlström,&nbsp;Morten S. Jellesen,&nbsp;Saman Nikpour,&nbsp;René Daniel Pütz,&nbsp;Yolanda Hedberg,&nbsp;Jeanne Duus Johansen","doi":"10.1111/cod.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contact allergy to gold is frequently observed in patch testing, although with low clinical relevance. Nickel allergy, in contrast, is common, clinically relevant, and nickel release from jewellery remains a regulatory concern. Standardised artificial sweat tests show no detectable gold release from gold-containing jewellery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess surface composition and the release of nickel and gold from gold-plated earrings under clinically relevant biochemical conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten pairs of low-cost gold-plated earrings were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence. Metal release was assessed using a cysteine-modified artificial sweat solution at 30°C for 168 h. Gold and nickel concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nickel release was detected in 10/10 earrings (median: 2.1 μg/cm², range: 0.00032–10.0) frequently exceeding the EU regulatory limit. Gold release was detected in 4/10 earrings (median: 0.00092 μg/cm², range: 0.00041–0.21). Gold was identified by cross-sectional SEM/EDS in a subset of components (6/20) but was not detected by top-down XRF analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nickel release from gold-plated earrings was widespread and often exceeded regulatory limits, indicating that gold plating does not reliably prevent nickel exposure. Gold release occurred in some earrings, but the clinical relevance remains uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"380-385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patch Testing With a Brazilian Propolis Series","authors":"Anton C. de Groot,&nbsp;Norbertus A. Ipenburg,&nbsp;Sylvie M. Franken,&nbsp;Thomas Rustemeyer","doi":"10.1111/cod.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70199","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In recent years, several studies have shown high frequencies of positive patch test reactions to Brazilian propolis 10% pet., brand Allergeaze (www.smartpracticecanada.com; propolis B, item NH400INT) in routine testing [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;]. We recently analysed the crude propolis material used for the preparation of the commercial propolis B hapten with gas chromatography—mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC–MS/FID) of the volatile components obtained by headspace SPME (solid phase microextraction) and identified 98 (combinations of) chemicals in it [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. These are shown in Table S1. The major ingredients (as measured by their percentages peak area in the chromatogram) were hydrocinnamic acid (16.9%), (&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-nerolidol (7.4%), spathulenol (5.5%), junenol (4.1%), benzoic acid + benzyl acetate +4-ethylphenol (3.2%) and δ-cadinene + calamenene (3.1%) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The allergens in propolis B are unknown. In an effort to identify sensitizers in this patch test material, we have tested a cohort of patients with propolis B and a Brazilian propolis series, containing a number of components previously identified [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], selected on the basis of availability and budgetary limits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The test substances were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and TCI Chemicals (Table 1). Reported purity ranged from &gt; 95.0% to ≤ 100%, with most compounds being 98%–99% or ≥ 99% pure. With the exception of vanillin, all chemicals were prepared in-house by mixing the compounds with sterile petrolatum (concentrations as wt/wt %) while wearing gloves. Patch tests were performed as previously described [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Between 26 August and 31 December 2025, 262 patients were patch tested at the Department of Dermato-Allergology and Occupational Dermatology of Amsterdam UMC because of suspected contact dermatitis. Thirty-seven were not tested with the propolis B series because of a very large number of series and haptens applied in addition to the European baseline series and our additional routine series. Thus, 225 individuals were tested with the Brazilian propolis series, of whom one was excluded because of an excited skin syndrome (Table 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The group consisted of 159 women (71%) and 65 men (29%). Forty-two patients (18.8%) had a positive reaction to propolis B 10% pet. In the European baseline series (38 +, 4 ++) and 4 had a dubious (?+) reaction. There were no significant differences between propolis-positive and propolis-negative patients in frequencies of a history of atopy (Fisher's exact test, Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.1, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.6–2.2) and of face (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–1.1), hand (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.35–2.8), leg (OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.25–2.35), or generalized dermatitis (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 0.99–4.2). Men were significantly more often positive to propolis then women (OR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.07–4.32); &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0375. Propolis allergy was significantly associated with allergy to the group of fragrances ","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"416-418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patch Test Reactions to Dental Materials: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study","authors":"Mojca Bizjak-Suran,&nbsp;Manca Marčun,&nbsp;Mitja Košnik,&nbsp;Dejan Dinevski","doi":"10.1111/cod.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.70205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patch testing is used when delayed-type hypersensitivity to dental materials is suspected, but no European baseline series exists for patients with suspected allergy to dental materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe patch test positivity to a 24-allergen dental series, assess the added yield of late readings at D6/7 and characterise methacrylate reactivity patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this retrospective single-centre study, 439 adults referred between 2016 and 2025 for suspected allergy to dental materials were patch tested with an institutional 24-allergen dental series comprising 11 metals, 8 methacrylates and 5 other substances. Reactions were read on D3 and D6/7 and scored by ICDRG criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 50.1% of patients had at least one positive reaction, and 41.0% had a positive metal reaction. Nickel (23.0%) and palladium (16.6%) were the most frequent allergens. Amongst methacrylates, HEMA (3.6%), HPMA (3.0%) and EGDMA (2.5%) were most frequent. Amongst methacrylate-positive patients, 44.4% had two or more positive reactions, 40.7% were HEMA-negative and 14.8% were HEMA-negative but HPMA-positive. Across all allergens, 19.8% of positive reactions were detectable only at D6/7, corresponding to a 24.7% relative increase in detection compared with D3 alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Late readings improved detection, and methacrylate reactivity was not fully captured by HEMA alone.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"95 4","pages":"386-395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}