The Italian Trend of Contact Allergy to 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Is the Current European Legislation Working?

IF 4.8 1区医学 Q2 ALLERGY

Contact Dermatitis Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1111/cod.14800

Elena Sofia Caroppo, Gabriele Casciola, Katharina Hansel, Alba Guglielmo, Silvia Mariel Ferrucci, Fabrizio Guarneri, Maria Michela Lauriola, Maddalena Napolitano, Cataldo Patruno, Paolo Romita, Donatella Schena, Ilaria Trave, Leonardo Bianchi, Luca Stingeni

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: (Meth)acrylates are well-known causes of allergic contact dermatitis, and nail products are the major source of exposure, especially in a non-occupational setting. In 2020, the European legislation restricted 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) only in nail cosmetics to professional use.

Objective: To investigate the Italian prevalence trend of positive patch test reactions to 2-HEMA, the best marker for delayed hypersensitivity to (meth)acrylates.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study on consecutive patients patch tested with the Italian baseline series containing 2-HEMA was performed in 8 Italian Dermatology Clinics. Demographics, patch test results, exposure settings and sources were analysed.

Results: Amongst 7133 patch tested patients, 147 (2.1%) resulted positive to 2-HEMA with an increasing trend from 2019 (1.6%) to 2023 (2.7%). The median age of sensitised female patients with a relevant positive patch test reaction to 2-HEMA was significantly decreasing over time (p = 0.004). Non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis was documented in 68.7%; artificial nails were the leading source of exposure in both occupational (75.0%) and non-occupational (72.2%) settings.

Conclusion: The prevalence of contact allergy to 2-HEMA in Italy shows a progressively increasing trend over time. Currently, the European legislation does not appear to be effective in preventing or reducing this phenomenon.

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意大利对2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯的接触性过敏趋势：目前的欧洲立法有效吗？

背景：丙烯酸酯是众所周知的过敏性接触性皮炎的原因，指甲产品是主要的暴露源，特别是在非职业环境中。2020年，欧洲立法限制2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯（2-HEMA）仅在指甲化妆品中用于专业用途。目的：探讨意大利人对2-HEMA（甲基苯丙胺类药物迟发性超敏反应的最佳标志）贴片试验阳性反应的流行趋势。方法：对意大利8家皮肤科诊所的连续患者进行含有2-HEMA的意大利基线系列贴片试验进行回顾性描述性研究。分析了人口统计学、斑贴试验结果、暴露环境和来源。结果：在7133例贴片试验患者中，147例（2.1%）2-HEMA阳性，从2019年（1.6%）到2023年（2.7%）呈上升趋势。贴片试验对2-HEMA有相关阳性反应的敏感女性患者的中位年龄随着时间的推移而显著降低（p = 0.004）。非职业性过敏性接触性皮炎占68.7%；人工指甲是职业性（75.0%）和非职业性（72.2%）环境中的主要暴露源。结论：意大利2-HEMA接触性过敏患病率呈逐年上升趋势。目前，欧洲立法在防止或减少这一现象方面似乎没有有效的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Contact Dermatitis 医学-过敏

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

30.90%

发文量

227

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Contact Dermatitis is designed primarily as a journal for clinicians who are interested in various aspects of environmental dermatitis. This includes both allergic and irritant (toxic) types of contact dermatitis, occupational (industrial) dermatitis and consumers" dermatitis from such products as cosmetics and toiletries. The journal aims at promoting and maintaining communication among dermatologists, industrial physicians, allergists and clinical immunologists, as well as chemists and research workers involved in industry and the production of consumer goods. Papers are invited on clinical observations, diagnosis and methods of investigation of patients, therapeutic measures, organisation and legislation relating to the control of occupational and consumers".