Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation is less repeatable in children with a chronic inflammatory disease compared to their healthy peers","authors":"Madelyn M. Byra PhD,&nbsp;Nicole A. Proudfoot PhD,&nbsp;Katharine D. Currie PhD,&nbsp;Maureen J. MacDonald PhD,&nbsp;Brian W. Timmons PhD,&nbsp;Joyce Obeid PhD","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with a chronic inflammatory disease (CID) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and show an impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response compared to their healthy peers, making it critical to monitor their cardiovascular health over time. FMD is a repeatable measure of vascular function in healthy children and adults. However, repeatability can vary in adult populations with disease and inflammation, and the repeatability of FMD in children with a CID has not been explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to assess the repeatability of brachial artery FMD in children with a CID and their healthy peers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants with CID, including cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or type 1 diabetes (n = 52; age: 14.1 ± 2.1 years; sex: 48% F) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 21; age: 12.3 ± 2.7 years; sex: 48% F), underwent two FMD assessments. Repeatability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) for BLD, absolute FMD, and relative FMD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BLD was repeatable in both our CID and healthy control groups (CV &lt; 2.0%, ICC &gt; 0.90). Relative FMD was repeatable in healthy controls with a CV of 10.0 ± 5.8% and an ICC of 0.86. However, it was not repeatable in children with a CID, with a CV of 18.8 ± 16.3% and an ICC of 0.52.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FMD is less repeatable in children with a CID, and our findings of a large CV for relative FMD suggest that measurement error could be a challenge to reliably tracking changes in FMD over time in this paediatric population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and mechanical properties of the knee extensors between strength training and cross-training practitioners: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Heinrich Leon Souza Viera,&nbsp;Lucas Gidiel-Machado,&nbsp;Ronei Silveira Pinto,&nbsp;Fábio Juner Lanferdini","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It remains unclear whether different training modalities, such as strength training (ST) and cross-training (CT), induce distinct musculoskeletal adaptations. In this cross-sectional study, thirty-seven males with at least 2 years of experience in the respective modality participated (ST = 20; CT = 17). After anthropometric assessment, vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture and stiffness were evaluated, determining fascicle length (FL), muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and shear-wave velocity. Knee extensor peak torque was measured in an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s and normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. One-repetition maximum (1RM) in the barbell back squat was estimated within three trials with knee flexion standardized at 120° (0°= full extension) and normalized to body mass. Specific tension was calculated based on MT and peak torque. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05, and Cohen's D effect size was calculated. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess muscle architecture reliability. An independent sample t-test revealed a higher training experience (ES = 1.02) and weekly training volume (ES = 0.88; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in ST, whereas CT group showed higher age (ES = 1.09) and PA (ES = 0.66). No differences between groups were found for FL, MT, stiffness, and specific tension (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The peak torque in all tested velocities and 1RM was higher for CT compared to ST (ES = 1.03–1.38; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Interrater reliability ranged from good to excellent (ICC = 0.841–0.992; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Although the cross-sectional design adopted, the current study provides important insights into musculoskeletal differences between training modalities, in accordance with the principle of specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDG and FAPI PET–based response evaluation to reduced-dose nivolumab in pleural mesothelioma: A case report","authors":"Morten Bentestuen,&nbsp;Anne H. Thostrup,&nbsp;Weronika M. Szejniuk,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Takacs-Szabo,&nbsp;Thor L. Rasmussen,&nbsp;Helle D. Zacho","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reliable tools for objective response assessment are essential in pleural mesothelioma treated with immunotherapy. We report on a 75-year-old man with sarcomatoid pleural mesothelioma who received a reduced nivolumab dose after developing a hypersensitivity reaction during the first infusion. CT, [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT and [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-46 (FAPI) PET/CT were performed before and after treatment. Despite the reduced dose, the patient experienced clear clinical benefit, and follow-up imaging demonstrated substantial morphological and metabolic improvement across all imaging modalities. This case offers an unique opportunity to directly compare response assessment across three complimentary imaging modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12921426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydrorelease on the mechanical properties of muscle and fascia: A study using ultrasonic shear wave elastography","authors":"Gakuto Nakao,&nbsp;Kousuke Shiwaku,&nbsp;Risa Adachi,&nbsp;Taiki Kodesho,&nbsp;Keigo Taniguchi,&nbsp;Hidenori Otsubo","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies have shown that hydrorelease reduces gliding resistance around nerves and between fascia, alleviating pain. However, the effects of hydrorelease on the mechanical properties of muscle and fascia remain unclear. This study aimed to examine changes in the mechanical properties of muscle and fascia before and after hydrorelease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve consecutive patients with ultrasound-confirmed thickening or stacking of fascia and tenderness were included. The hydrorelease was performed under ultrasound guidance using a 25-G, 40-mm needle in-plane technique, using 6 mL of saline containing 0.17% lidocaine at a concentration insufficient to produce an anaesthetic effect. The shear modulus and tenderness were measured before and after hydrorelease. The shear modulus was measured using ultrasonic shear wave elastography at two points on the muscle and fascia in the slacked and extended positions. Tenderness was evaluated for pain using the numeric rating scale. Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared pain levels before and after hydrorelease. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for the shear modulus, with time (pre and post) and position (slacked and extended) as factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tenderness significantly decreased after hydrorelease (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). A two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction (time × position) for the shear modulus in both muscle and fascia (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Post-hoc test results indicated no change in the shear modulus in the slacked position; however, a significant decrease was observed in the extended position after hydrorelease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, hydrorelease reduced the shear modulus of fascia and muscle during elongation, decreasing tissue stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12902904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing forearm skeletal muscle composition and function in breast cancer-related lymphedema using B-mode ultrasonography","authors":"Jesse Whyte,&nbsp;Anna Towers,&nbsp;Mathieu Boily,&nbsp;Leonard Rosenthall,&nbsp;Hassan Rivaz,&nbsp;Robert D. Kilgour","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal muscle thickness, echo intensity, and quality are important morphological properties; however, little is known how these variables compare between the affected and unaffected forearms in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using B-mode ultrasound, we recorded the raw radiofrequency data of the affected and unaffected forearms of women (<i>n</i> = 20) with Stage 2 BCRL, and in a control group of 20 women with no lymphedema. The data were converted into images and measurements of skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle thickness were obtained. Within a designated region of interest, muscle echo intensity was assessed using computer graded grey scale and muscle thickness was measured using ImageJ2. Handgrip strength was measured using standard dynamometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found no differences in muscle thickness among affected, unaffected, and control forearms. The affected arm had significantly lower (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.025) muscle quality than controls but similar to values found in the unaffected arms. The affected arm had higher muscle echo intensity than the unaffected (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.013) and control (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) arms. Muscle echo intensity was related to subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.45; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) and arm circumference (r = 0.47; <i>p</i> = 0.04) in the affected arm in women with lymphedema.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lymphedema does not negatively affect forearm muscle thickness. The elevated levels of muscle echo intensity of the affected arm does not influence muscle quality in BCRL. The functional relevance of an elevated muscle echo intensity in the affected arm and its relationship with arm circumference and subcutaneous fat thickness needs to be further explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood pressure and vascular responses during exercise in offspring of diabetes parents: The role of the muscle metaboreflex","authors":"Aline Toledo de Oliveira,&nbsp;Tuany Mageste Limongi,&nbsp;Josária Ferraz Amaral,&nbsp;Lilian Pinto da Silva,&nbsp;Jefferson da Silva Novaes,&nbsp;Daniel Godoy Martinez,&nbsp;Mateus Camaroti Laterza","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to compare blood pressure and vascular responses during isometric handgrip exercise and muscle metaboreflex activation in the offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes and individuals without a family history of diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consisted of a family history of type 2 diabetes parents (<i>n</i> = 12; 30.92 ± 4.87 years) and those without a family history of diabetes (<i>n</i> = 12; 28.42 ± 5.43 years). Blood pressure (Dixtal®), heart rate (ECG-Dixtal®) and muscle blood flow (Hokanson®) were recorded for 3 min at baseline and 3 min during isometric handgrip exercise (Saehan®). Immediately after the exercise, circulatory occlusion was performed for 2 min to assess muscle metaboreflex activation. Additionally, the vascular conductance was calculated. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to test for possible differences between the groups for all variables under baseline conditions and during isometric handgrip exercise and to analyse the muscle metaboreflex activation. A significance level of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 was adopted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood pressure, heart rate, muscle blood flow and vascular conductance showed similar baseline values in both groups, with significant and similar increases during the isometric handgrip exercise. Furthermore, for muscle metaboreflex activation, the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values were significantly and similarly increased compared with baseline in both groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The blood pressure and vascular responses during isometric handgrip exercise, as well as the muscle metaboreflex activation of blood pressure, are preserved in the offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes compared to those without a family history of diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility and agreement of pulse wave velocity and augmentation index over repeated assessments using two different devices in adolescents","authors":"Wesley Torres,&nbsp;Earric Lee,&nbsp;Emilia Laitinen,&nbsp;Alan R. Barker,&nbsp;Petri Jalanko,&nbsp;Timo Nurmi,&nbsp;Bert Bond,&nbsp;Ying Gao,&nbsp;Rômulo A. Fernandes,&nbsp;Eero A. Haapala","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the agreement between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx%) obtained in a controlled fasted condition versus a non-fasted, uncontrolled, “real-world” condition. Thereafter, we assessed the reproducibility of PWV and AIx% over three repeated visits under controlled fasted conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PWV and AIx% were assessed in one uncontrolled visit, and three controlled fasted visits after a 10-min supine rest in 28 adolescents (61% girls) aged 12–14 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between controlled visits were 0.5–0.6 (PWV) and −0.3–0.6 (AIx%) for PulsePen, and 0.5–0.6 (PWV) and 0.4–0.7 (AIx%) for Arteriograph. ICCs between a single uncontrolled visit and controlled visits were lower, especially for the Arteriograph (PWV: 0.0–0.1; AIx%: −0.4–0.0). Device agreement was poor (PWV ICC: −0.2–0.1; AIx% ICC: −0.5–0.3). Reproducibility using PulsePen was (PWV: 0.2–0.8; AIx%: −0.3–0.6) and Arteriograph (PWV: 0.0–0.1; AIx%: −0.4–0.0).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PulsePen had better reproducibility of PWV than the Arteriograph. Both devices had limited reliability and high variability in AIx% measurements. PWV from the PulsePen may be applicable in healthcare, while results from the Arteriograph should be interpreted with caution. Because of the poor agreement between the devices, the data from these devices should not be directly compared. These results may not be generalizable based on the modest sample size. In addition, the variability in real-world situations should not be overlooked.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12856115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The non-specific pattern of lung function: A systematic review of physiological mechanisms, clinical profiles and outcomes","authors":"Khouloud Kchaou,&nbsp;Soumaya Khaldi,&nbsp;Soumaya Rebay,&nbsp;Saloua Ben Khamsa Jameleddine","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Non-Specific Pattern (NSP) is characterized by a reduced Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV₁) and/or Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), a preserved FEV₁/FVC ratio, and a normal Total Lung Capacity (TLC). Although recognized in recent American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) recommendations, this pattern remains poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To systematically review the literature addressing the NSP in adult patients, with a focus on its physiological definition, clinical correlates, underlying mechanisms, and longitudinal outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase from inception to 16 June 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included adults presenting a physiologically defined NSP. Seven retrospective studies were included and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across included studies, NSP was consistently defined using core physiological criteria, though specific thresholds and diagnostic strategies varied. Etiologies included asthma, obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea, interstitial lung disease, and neuromuscular disorders. Several functional markers, such as increased Residual Volume (RV)/TLC ratios, Slow Vital Capacity (SVC)–FVC differences &gt;100 mL, and reduced FEV₁/SVC ratios, suggested early small airway involvement or masked restriction. Two longitudinal studies revealed that NSP may evolve toward obstruction or restriction, with baseline bronchodilator responsiveness and elevated airway resistance as predictors of obstruction. Despite the clinical implications, therapeutic management remains unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NSP is not a benign or incidental respiratory functional profile. It may represent an early or intermediate functional state between classic obstructive and restrictive defects. Complementary functional markers and structured follow-up may aid in clinical interpretation and risk stratification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146084566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inspiratory muscle training in the healthy adult: The relationship between load, perception, and oxygen consumption","authors":"Timothy O. Jenkins,&nbsp;Dan Stieper Karbing,&nbsp;Stephen Edward Rees,&nbsp;William Scott,&nbsp;Christos Aristidou,&nbsp;Mathias Krogh Poulsen,&nbsp;Michael I. Polkey,&nbsp;Vicky MacBean","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is used in a broad range of populations to improve the strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles, to improve both athletic performance and clinical outcomes. However, the optimal approach to IMT remains uncertain, and IMT is frequently declined in the clinical setting. This study aimed to measure oxygen consumption (VO₂) and perceived difficulty and unpleasantness during commonly cited IMT loads.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty participants performed IMT at 4cmH₂O and 30%, 50% and 80% of their maximal inspiratory strength (PImax). VO₂ was measured using indirect calorimetry. After each load, a visual analogue scale was used to rate breathing difficulty (VAS-D) and unpleasantness (VAS-U)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median (IQR) VO₂ was 4.42 (3.36–4.82) mL/min/kg at baseline, increasing to 4.90 (4.11–5.03) mL/min/kg, 4.38 (3.69–5.23) mL/min/kg, 4.64 (4.09–5.28) mL/min/kg and (4.82–6.51) mL/min/kg after IMT at 4cmH₂O and 30, 50 and 80% PImax respectively (Friedman's ANOVA <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). VO₂ increased by 0.013 mL/kg/min for every 1% of PImax increase in IMT load. Perceived difficulty and unpleasantness increased with IMT load. PImax significantly influenced the load-perception relationship: slope (95% CI) of load versus VAS-D in the combined model 0.37 (0.09–0.65)mm/%PImax, <i>p</i> = 0.01), additional influence of baseline PImax 0.003 (0.001–0.005) mm/%PImax/cmH₂O, <i>p</i> = 0.009.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IMT causes a load-dependent increase in VO₂, with marked increases in breathing difficulty and unpleasantness at higher loads. The additional impact of the absolute magnitude of load provides insight into the perception of respiratory effort. These data help understand the factors that influence IMT prescription, in terms of exercise response and acceptability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146009301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between heart rate variability and brain glucose metabolism in healthy middle-aged men","authors":"Seunghyeon Shin,&nbsp;Kyoungjune Pak","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to assess the association between brain glucose metabolism, measured using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-<span>d</span>-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT), and heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 101 healthy men were included. Each participant underwent the following assessments: (1) brain ¹⁸F-FDG PET, (2) anthropometric measurements, and (3) HRV test. PET scans were spatially normalised to MNI space using PET templates from SPM5 with pmod. An Automated Anatomical Labelling 2 atlas was used to define regions of interest (ROIs). For each ROI, the mean uptake was normalised to the individual's global cortical mean uptake, yielding a standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR). After logarithmic transformation of the regional SUVR, the effects of the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) on the regional SUVR were investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Our main finding was that RMSSD of 101 middle-aged males was positively associated with brain glucose metabolism in occipital lobe, parietal lobe, precuneus, and cuneus. A negative association was observed in the cerebellum, thalamus, and parahippocampus. These findings suggest that brain regions associated with psychiatric disorders and cognitive and affective functions are associated with parasympathetic activity, as measured by the RMSSD. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms regarding autonomic nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}