Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

{"title":"End-tidal oxygen partial pressure is a strong prognostic predictive factor in patients with cardiac disease","authors":"Asami Ogura,&nbsp;Kazuhiro P. Izawa,&nbsp;Hideto Tawa,&nbsp;Masaaki Wada,&nbsp;Masashi Kanai,&nbsp;Ikko Kubo,&nbsp;Ayano Makihara,&nbsp;Ryohei Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Yuichi Matsuda","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12838","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12838","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables represent central and peripheral factors and combined factors in the pathology of patients with cardiac disease. The difference in end-tidal oxygen partial pressure from resting to anaerobic threshold (ΔPETO₂) may represent predominantly peripheral factors. This study aimed to verify the prognostic significance of ΔPETO₂ for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in cardiac patients, including comparison with the minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO₂ slope), and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 185 patients with cardiac disease who underwent CPET were consecutively enroled in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was 3-year MACCE. The ability of ΔPETO₂, VE/VCO₂ slope, and peak VO₂ to predict MACCE was examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimal cut-off values for predicting MACCE were 2.0 mmHg for ΔPETO₂ (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.829), 29.8 for VE/VCO₂ slope (AUC: 0.734), and 19.0 mL/min/kg for peak VO₂ (AUC: 0.755). The AUC of ΔPETO₂ was higher than those of VE/VCO₂ slope and peak VO₂. The MACCE-free survival rate was significantly lower in the ΔPETO₂ ≤ 2.0 group versus the ΔPETO₂ &gt; 2.0 group (44.4% vs. 91.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). ΔPETO₂ ≤ 2.0 was an independent predictor of MACCE after adjustment for age and VE/VCO₂ slope (hazard ratio [HR], 7.28; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and after adjustment for age and peak VO₂ (HR, 6.52; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ΔPETO₂ was a strong predictor of MACCE independent of and superior to VE/VCO₂ slope and peak VO₂ in patients with cardiac disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"404-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10028728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate variability and haemodynamic function in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","authors":"Alaa I. Alyahya,&nbsp;Sarah J. Charman,&nbsp;Nduka C. Okwose,&nbsp;Amy S. Fuller,&nbsp;Christopher Eggett,&nbsp;Peter Luke,&nbsp;Kristian Bailey,&nbsp;Guy A. MacGowan,&nbsp;Djordje G. Jakovljevic","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12840","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12840","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of cardiac autonomic function. This study: (1) evaluated the differences in HRV and haemodynamic function between individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and healthy controls, and (2) determined the relationship between HRV and haemodynamic variables in individuals with HCM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight individuals with HCM (<i>n</i> = 7, females; age 54 ± 15 years; body mass index: 29 ± 5 kg/m²) and 28 matched healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 7 females; age 54 ± 16 years; body mass index: 29 ± 5 kg/m²) completed 5-min HRV and haemodynamic measurements under resting (supine) conditions using bioimpedance technology. Frequency domain HRV measures (absolute and normalized low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and LF/HF ratio) and RR interval were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with HCM demonstrated higher vagal activity (i.e., absolute unit of HF power (7.40 ± 2.50 vs. 6.03 ± 1.35 ms², <i>p</i> = 0.01) but lower RR interval (914 ± 178 vs. 1014 ± 168 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to controls. Stroke volume (SV) index and cardiac index were lower in HCM compared with healthy individuals (SV, 33 ± 9 vs. 43 ± 7 ml‎/beat‎/m², <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01; cardiac index,2.33 ± 0.42 vs. 3.57 ± 0.82 L/min/m², <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but total peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher in HCM (3468 ± 1027 vs. 2953 ± 1050 dyn·s<i>·m</i>^<i>2</i>cm^<i>−</i>5, <i>p</i> = 0.03). HF power was significantly related to SV (<i>r</i> = −0.46, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and TPR (<i>r</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in HCM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Short-term frequency domain indices of HRV provide a feasible approach to assess autonomic function in individuals with HCM. Vagal activity, represented by HF power, is increased, and associated with peripheral resistance in individuals with HCM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"421-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10045998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal NIRS signal is unaffected by forehead Doppler flux during incremental cycling exercise","authors":"Mark E. Hartman","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12837","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12837","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O₂Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). In the context of exercise, NIRS confers a higher signal-to-noise ratio than other neuroimaging techniques. However, part of the signal may be influenced by thermoregulatory hyperemia in the superficial cutaneous capillaries of the forehead. The degree to which NIRS signals during exercise reflect cerebral or extracerebral hemodynamic changes is a continuing source of controversy. However, the influence of skin blood flow may be attenuated depending on the NIRS technique (e.g., frequency domain machines with maximal optode separation distances &gt;3.5 cm). The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in forehead skin blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin concentration during incremental exercise versus direct vasodilation of the forehead skin induced by gradual local heating. Thirty participants (12 females, 18 males; age: 20.8 ± 3.2 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg·m⁻²) participated in the study. Forehead skin blood flow was quantified laser Doppler flux and absolute concentrations of cerebral O₂Hb and HHb were measured by NIRS. Local heating significantly increased the Doppler flux signal across time and these changes were significantly correlated with skin temperature. During incremental exercise, skin temperature, Doppler flux, O₂Hb and HHb increased however, the only significant change that was consistently correlated with Doppler flux was skin temperature. Therefore, a significant change in forehead skin blood flow may not significantly the NIRS hemoglobin data, depending on the type of NIRS device used.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"393-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Discovery A and Stratos DR densitometers for assessing whole-body and regional bone mineral density and body composition","authors":"Laurent Maïmoun,&nbsp;Krishna Kunal Mahadea,&nbsp;Sandrine Alonso,&nbsp;Thierry Chevallier,&nbsp;Pierre-Olivier Kotzki,&nbsp;Thibault Mura,&nbsp;Vincent Boudousq","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12836","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The agreement between the Stratos DR and Discovery A densitometers was assessed for measurements of whole-body (WB) and regional fat mass (FM), fat-free soft tissue (FFST) and bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, the precision of the Stratos DR was also evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty participants (35 women, 70%) were measured consecutively, once on the Discovery A and once on the Stratos DR. In a subgroup of participants (<i>n</i> = 29), two successive measurements with the Stratos DR were also performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FM, FFST and BMD measured with the two devices were highly correlated, with a coefficient of correlation ranging from 0.80 to 0.99. Bland-Altman analyses indicated significant bias between the two devices for all measurements. Thus, compared to the Discovery A, the Stratos DR underestimated WB BMD and WB and regional FM and FFST, with the exception of trunk FM and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which were overestimated. Precision error for the Stratos DR, when expressed as root mean square-coefficient of variation (RMS-CV%) for FM, was 1.4% for WB, 3.0% for the gynoid and android regions, and 15.9% for VAT. The RMS-CV% for FFST was 1.0% for WB. The root mean square of standard deviation for WB BMD was 0.018 g/cm², corresponding to a 1.4% CV. The least significant change was 0.050 g/cm² (SD), and 4.0% was considered to be a significant biological change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences between the Stratos DR and Discovery A measurements are significant and require the use of translational cross-calibration equations. For most of the BMD and body composition parameters, our results demonstrated good Stratos DR precision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"382-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between ultrasound protocols for the estimation of body fat percentage: Comparison to a four-compartment model","authors":"Katherine Sullivan,&nbsp;Casey J. Metoyer,&nbsp;Lee J. Winchester,&nbsp;Michael R. Esco,&nbsp;Michael V. Fedewa","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12835","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement between body fat percentage (%Fat) estimates derived from a standardized ultrasound protocol (%Fat_IASMS), a commonly used skinfold (SKF)-site-based ultrasound protocol (%Fat_JP), and a criterion four-compartment (4C) model (%Fat_4C). For the ultrasound protocols, all measurement sites were marked, measured and analyzed by the same evaluator. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness was measured manually at the region where the muscle fascia was parallel to the skin and the average value per measurement site was used to calculate body density and subsequently %Fat. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with a priori planned contrasts was used to compare %Fat values between the 4C criterion and both ultrasound methods. Small nonsignificant mean differences were observed between %Fat_IASMS (18.82 ± 14.21%Fat, effect size [ES] = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.178), %Fat_JP (18.23 ± 13.32%Fat, ES = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.050) and the %Fat_4C criterion (21.70 ± 7.57%Fat); however, %Fat_IASMS did not yield a smaller mean difference than the %Fat_JP (<i>p</i> = 0.287). Additionally, %Fat_IASMS (<i>r</i> = 0.90, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 3.29%) and %Fat_JP (<i>r</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, SEE = 3.60%) were strongly correlated with the 4C criterion, however, %Fat_IASMS did not yield better agreement than %Fat_JP (<i>p</i> = 0.257). Despite slightly underestimating %Fat, both ultrasound techniques demonstrated <i>Good—Very Good</i> agreement with the 4C criterion, with comparable mean differences, correlations, and SEE. The International Association of Sciences in Medicine and Sports (IASMS) standardized protocol using manual calculations of SAT was comparable to the SKF-site-based ultrasound protocol when compared to the 4C criterion. These results indicate that the IASMS (with manually measured SAT) and SKF-site-based ultrasound protocols may be of practical use to clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exercise affects dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates but not standardised ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue","authors":"Jun N. Ong,&nbsp;Kagan J. Ducker,&nbsp;Bonnie J. Furzer,&nbsp;Michael Dymock,&nbsp;Grant J. Landers","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and is robust against changes in hydration status or acute food or fluid intake. However, the effect of prior acute exercise is unexamined. This study examined the impact of an acute endurance exercise and resistance exercise session on standardised brightness-mode ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness compared to skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates. In a randomised cross-over design, 30 active adults (24.2 ± 4.9 years) undertook physique assessment via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound, skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before, immediately and 45 min after an acute endurance or resistance exercise session. The mean sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound increased (0.6 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.04) immediately postendurance exercise but was not meaningful when evaluated against the technical error of measurement of the investigator. A significant (<i>p</i> = 0.01) but not meaningful decrease in the sum of eight skinfolds occurred immediately (−1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and 45 min (−1.3 ± 0.4 mm) postresistance exercise. Comparatively, endurance exercise elicited a meaningful decrease of total mass (460 ± 30 g) and trunk lean mass (680 ± 90 g) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry estimates. Findings from this study indicate standardised client presentation may be unnecessary when employing either standardised brightness-mode ultrasound or skinfolds for body composition assessment unlike dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of the pupillary light reflex over short intervals in psychiatric patients and community volunteers","authors":"William V. McCall,&nbsp;Jessica T. Dinsmore,&nbsp;Alicia Brown,&nbsp;Lucas T. Ribbens,&nbsp;Peter B. Rosenquist,&nbsp;Laryssa McCloud,&nbsp;Brian J. Miller","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a method for measuring dynamic responses within the autonomic nervous system, and would have potential value as a point-of-care test in a psychiatry clinic if reproducible results could be obtained in a short period of time. We collected PLR from adult community volunteers and depressed outpatients with the purpose of demonstrating (1) that valid data could be obtained &gt;90% of the time from both the community volunteers and the patients, and (2) that reproducible results could be obtained with repeated measurement over short periods of time. Valid data were captured for 90.3% of 76 participants, allowing for two attempts of the PLR per participant. Success rates were similar for depressed patients and community volunteers. Eighteen of these 76 participants provided repeated paired measurements after 5 and 10 min of dark adaptation, producing high correlations for maximum constriction velocity (MCV) between assay 1 and 2 (Pearson's <i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but there was a significant 8% increase in velocity for MCV between assay 1 and 2 (∆ = 0.34 ± 0.59 mm/s, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, PLR measurements were stable when tested in a separate cohort of 21 additional participants at 10 and 15 min of dark adaptation with an MCV Pearson's correlation of <i>r</i> = 0.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, with a nonsignificant 1% difference between the two time points. These findings indicate an acceptable rate of collecting valid and reproducible PLR data when contrasting two measurements of PLR after 10 or 15 min of dark adaptation in depressed and suicidal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults with lower-limb amputation: Reduced multifidi muscle activity and extensor muscle endurance is associated with worse physical performance","authors":"Jaclyn M. Sions,&nbsp;Mayank Seth,&nbsp;Emma H. Beisheim-Ryan,&nbsp;Gregory E. Hicks,&nbsp;Ryan T. Pohlig,&nbsp;John R. Horne","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12833","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trunk muscles may be an overlooked region of deficits following lower-limb amputation (LLA). This study sought to determine the extent that trunk muscle deficits are associated with physical function following amputation. Sedentary adults with a unilateral transtibial- (<i>n</i> = 25) or transfemoral-level (<i>n</i> = 14) amputation were recruited for this cross-sectional research study. Participants underwent a clinical examination that included ultrasound imaging of the lumbar multifidi muscles, the modified Biering-Sorensen Endurance Test (mBSET), and performance-based measures, that is, the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and 10-m Walk Test (10mWT). Associations between trunk muscle metrics and performance were explored with regression modeling, while considering covariates known to impact performance postamputation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.100). Average ultrasound-obtained, lumbar multifidi activity was 14% and 16% for transfemoral- and transtibial-level amputations, respectively, while extensor endurance was 37.34 and 12.61 s, respectively. For TUG, nonamputated-side multifidi activity and an interaction term (level x non-amputated-side multifidi activity) explained 9.4% and 6.2% of the total variance, respectively. For 10mWT, beyond covariates, non-amputated-side multifidi activity and the interaction term explained 6.1% and 5.8% of the total variance, respectively. For TUG, extensor endurance and an interaction term (level x mBSET) explained 11.9% and 8.3% of the total variance beyond covariates; for BBS and 10mWT, extensor endurance explained 11.2% and 17.2% of the total variance, respectively. Findings highlight deficits in lumbar multifidi activity and extensor muscle endurance among sedentary adults with a LLA; reduced muscle activity and endurance may be important factors to target during rehabilitation to enhance mobility-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"354-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum, interstitial and sweat ATP in humans exposed to heat stress: Insights into roles of ATP in the heat loss responses","authors":"Naoto Fujii,&nbsp;Yoko Tanabe,&nbsp;Tatsuro Amano,&nbsp;Koichi Watanabe,&nbsp;Narihiko Kondo,&nbsp;Takeshi Nishiyasu,&nbsp;Glen P. Kenny","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12825","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperthermia increases intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with greater hyperthermia-induced cutaneous vasodilation. Hyperthermia may also increase skin interstitial fluid ATP thereby activating cutaneous vascular smooth muscle cells and sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that whole-body heating would increase skin interstitial fluid ATP, and this response would be associated with an increase in cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Nineteen (8 females) young adults underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfusion suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C during which time cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule technique) were measured at four forearm skin sites to minimize between-site variations. Dialysate from the skin sites were collected via intradermal microdialysis. Heating increased serum ATP, CVC, and sweat rate (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.031). However, heating did not modulate dialysate ATP (median, baseline vs. end-heating: 2.38 vs. 2.70 nmol/ml) (<i>p</i> = 0.068), though the effect size was moderate (Cohen's d = 0.566). While the heating-induced increase in CVC was not correlated with changes in serum ATP (<i>r</i> = 0.439, <i>p</i> = 0.060), we observed a negative correlation (<i>r</i>_s = −0.555, <i>p</i> = 0.017) between dialysate ATP and CVC. We did not observe a significant correlation between the heating-induced sweating and serum, dialysate, or sweat ATP (<i>r</i>_s = 0.091 to −0.322, all <i>p</i> ≥ 0.222). Altogether, we showed that passive heating increases ATP in blood and possibly skin interstitial fluid, with the latter potentially blunting cutaneous vasodilation. However, ATP does not appear to modulate sweating.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"336-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of physical fitness of coronary disease patients on vagal reentry and heart rate recovery after exercise with and without fluid replacement","authors":"Júlio César d. Á. Soares,&nbsp;Maria Júlia L. Laurino,&nbsp;Anne K. F. d. Silva,&nbsp;Lorena A. Santos,&nbsp;Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12824","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluid replacement during exercise has been studied as an important strategy to enhance recovery, however, studies are needed to investigate the effect of this strategy in different physical profiles. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical fitness of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on vagal reentry and heart rate recovery after exercise performed with and without fluid replacement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonrandomized crossover clinical trial. Thirty-three CAD patients were submitted to (I) cardiopulmonary exercise test: to divide the sample into lower and higher VO₂ peak groups; (II) control protocol (CP): composed of rest, aerobic exercise and passive recovery; (III) hydration protocol (HP): composed of the same activities as the CP, but with water intake during exercise. The recovery was evaluated by vagal reentry and heart rate recovery immediately after exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results did not show significant differences between the higher and lower VO₂ peak groups. In addition, the hydration strategy adopted was not able to cause significant changes between control and HPs, regardless of group. However, a time effect was observed, suggesting anticipation of vagal reactivation and heart rate reduction in HP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical fitness did not influence vagal reentry and heart rate recovery in CAD patients after exercise. However, the hydration strategy seems to have anticipated vagal reentry and produced a more efficient reduction in heart rate regardless of the individuals’ physical fitness, but these results should be analyzed with caution due to the absence of significant differences between groups and protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10305654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}