Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre during hyperthermia","authors":"Blake G. Perry,&nbsp;Stephanie Korad,&nbsp;Toby Mündel","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12843","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12843","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During hyperthermia, the perturbations in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) produced by the Valsalva manoeuvre (VM) are more severe. However, whether these more severe VM-induced changes in MAP are translated to the cerebral circulation during hyperthermia is unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 12, 1 female, mean ± SD: age 24 ± 3 years) completed a 30 mmHg (mouth pressure) VM for 15 s whilst supine during normothermia and mild hyperthermia. Hyperthermia was induced passively using a liquid conditioning garment with core temperature measured via ingested temperature sensor. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and MAP were recorded continuously during and post-VM. Tieck's autoregulatory index was calculated from the VM responses, with pulsatility index, an index of pulse velocity (pulse time) and mean MCAv (MCAv_mean) also calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Passive heating significantly raised core temperature from baseline (37.9 ± 0.2 vs. 37.1 ± 0.1°C at rest, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). MAP during phases I through III of the VM was lower during hyperthermia (interaction effect <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Although an interaction effect was observed for MCAv_mean (<i>p</i> = 0.02), post-hoc differences indicated only phase IIa was lower during hyperthermia (55 ± 12 vs. 49.3 ± 8 cm s⁻¹ for normothermia and hyperthermia, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Pulsatility index was increased 1-min post-VM in both conditions (0.71 ± 0.11 vs. 0.76 ± 0.11 for pre- and post-VM during normothermia, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.02, and 0.86 ± 0.11 vs. 0.99 ± 0.09 for hyperthermia <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), although for pulse time only main effects of time (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and condition (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) were apparent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data indicate that the cerebrovascular response to the VM is largely unchanged by mild hyperthermia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness components in relation to clinical characteristics, disease state and medication intake: A patient registry study","authors":"Nicholas Cauwenberghs,&nbsp;Josephine Sente,&nbsp;František Sabovčik,&nbsp;Evangelos Ntalianis,&nbsp;Kristofer Hedman,&nbsp;Jomme Claes,&nbsp;Kaatje Goetschalckx,&nbsp;Véronique Cornelissen,&nbsp;Tatiana Kuznetsova","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12842","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interpretation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) results requires thorough understanding of test confounders such as anthropometrics, comorbidities and medication. Here, we comprehensively assessed the clinical determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness and its components in a heterogeneous patient sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively collected medical and CPET data from 2320 patients (48.2% females) referred for cycle ergometry at the University Hospital Leuven, Belgium. We assessed clinical determinants of peak CPET indexes of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and its hemodynamic and ventilatory components using stepwise regression and quantified multivariable-adjusted differences in indexes between cases and references.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower peak load and peak O₂ uptake were related to: higher age, female sex, lower body height and weight, and higher heart rate; to the intake of beta blockers, analgesics, thyroid hormone replacement and benzodiazepines; and to diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 for all). Lower peak load also correlated with obstructive pulmonary diseases. Stepwise regression revealed associations of hemodynamic and ventilatory indexes (including heart rate, O₂ pulse, systolic blood pressure and ventilation at peak exercise and ventilatory efficiency) with age, sex, body composition and aforementioned diseases and medications. Multivariable-adjusted differences in CPET metrics between cases and controls confirmed the associations observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We described known and novel associations of CRF components with demographics, anthropometrics, cardiometabolic and pulmonary diseases and medication intake in a large patient sample. The clinical implications of long-term noncardiovascular drug intake for CPET results require further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"441-452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four- to seven-year follow-up of pharmacological postconditioning with mangafodipir as an adjunct to primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","authors":"Walid El-Saadi,&nbsp;Jan Engvall,&nbsp;Jan-Erik Karlsson,&nbsp;Eva Maret","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12839","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adverse left ventricular remodelling (AR) develops over time in approximately 30% of patients with a history of coronary artery disease. AR manifests as a structural change in the left ventricle (LV) in terms of increased volumes and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (mangafodipir) has demonstrated interesting cardioprotective features in acute myocardial ischaemia. Pharmacological postconditioning (PP) with mangafodipir as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention may possibly reduce the development of AR over time in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this 4–7-year follow-up study is to investigate the potential benefits of PP with mangafodipir in STEMI patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen out of the initial 20 patients that were included in the primary study of Karlsson et al. were followed up between April and June 2017. The study group underwent review of the hospital records, a clinical examination with ECG and blood sample analysis before cardiac magnetic resonance examination of the patient. LVEF, left ventricular diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, LV mass and myocardial strain in all directions were computed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PP group showed a decrease in LV volume, mass and higher LVEF at follow-up (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) while the individual response of the placebo group showed features that are seen in AR. Although there was no difference in myocardial strain, measurement for the PP-group was higher in absolute terms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacological postconditioning with mangafodipir in STEMI demonstrated cardioprotective features compared to the placebo group at follow-up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"413-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9652132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-tidal oxygen partial pressure is a strong prognostic predictive factor in patients with cardiac disease","authors":"Asami Ogura,&nbsp;Kazuhiro P. Izawa,&nbsp;Hideto Tawa,&nbsp;Masaaki Wada,&nbsp;Masashi Kanai,&nbsp;Ikko Kubo,&nbsp;Ayano Makihara,&nbsp;Ryohei Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Yuichi Matsuda","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12838","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12838","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables represent central and peripheral factors and combined factors in the pathology of patients with cardiac disease. The difference in end-tidal oxygen partial pressure from resting to anaerobic threshold (ΔPETO₂) may represent predominantly peripheral factors. This study aimed to verify the prognostic significance of ΔPETO₂ for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in cardiac patients, including comparison with the minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO₂ slope), and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 185 patients with cardiac disease who underwent CPET were consecutively enroled in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was 3-year MACCE. The ability of ΔPETO₂, VE/VCO₂ slope, and peak VO₂ to predict MACCE was examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimal cut-off values for predicting MACCE were 2.0 mmHg for ΔPETO₂ (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.829), 29.8 for VE/VCO₂ slope (AUC: 0.734), and 19.0 mL/min/kg for peak VO₂ (AUC: 0.755). The AUC of ΔPETO₂ was higher than those of VE/VCO₂ slope and peak VO₂. The MACCE-free survival rate was significantly lower in the ΔPETO₂ ≤ 2.0 group versus the ΔPETO₂ &gt; 2.0 group (44.4% vs. 91.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). ΔPETO₂ ≤ 2.0 was an independent predictor of MACCE after adjustment for age and VE/VCO₂ slope (hazard ratio [HR], 7.28; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and after adjustment for age and peak VO₂ (HR, 6.52; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ΔPETO₂ was a strong predictor of MACCE independent of and superior to VE/VCO₂ slope and peak VO₂ in patients with cardiac disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"404-412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10028728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate variability and haemodynamic function in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","authors":"Alaa I. Alyahya,&nbsp;Sarah J. Charman,&nbsp;Nduka C. Okwose,&nbsp;Amy S. Fuller,&nbsp;Christopher Eggett,&nbsp;Peter Luke,&nbsp;Kristian Bailey,&nbsp;Guy A. MacGowan,&nbsp;Djordje G. Jakovljevic","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12840","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12840","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of cardiac autonomic function. This study: (1) evaluated the differences in HRV and haemodynamic function between individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and healthy controls, and (2) determined the relationship between HRV and haemodynamic variables in individuals with HCM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-eight individuals with HCM (<i>n</i> = 7, females; age 54 ± 15 years; body mass index: 29 ± 5 kg/m²) and 28 matched healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 7 females; age 54 ± 16 years; body mass index: 29 ± 5 kg/m²) completed 5-min HRV and haemodynamic measurements under resting (supine) conditions using bioimpedance technology. Frequency domain HRV measures (absolute and normalized low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and LF/HF ratio) and RR interval were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with HCM demonstrated higher vagal activity (i.e., absolute unit of HF power (7.40 ± 2.50 vs. 6.03 ± 1.35 ms², <i>p</i> = 0.01) but lower RR interval (914 ± 178 vs. 1014 ± 168 ms, <i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to controls. Stroke volume (SV) index and cardiac index were lower in HCM compared with healthy individuals (SV, 33 ± 9 vs. 43 ± 7 ml‎/beat‎/m², <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01; cardiac index,2.33 ± 0.42 vs. 3.57 ± 0.82 L/min/m², <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), but total peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher in HCM (3468 ± 1027 vs. 2953 ± 1050 dyn·s<i>·m</i>^<i>2</i>cm^<i>−</i>5, <i>p</i> = 0.03). HF power was significantly related to SV (<i>r</i> = −0.46, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and TPR (<i>r</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in HCM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Short-term frequency domain indices of HRV provide a feasible approach to assess autonomic function in individuals with HCM. Vagal activity, represented by HF power, is increased, and associated with peripheral resistance in individuals with HCM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"421-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10045998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal NIRS signal is unaffected by forehead Doppler flux during incremental cycling exercise","authors":"Mark E. Hartman","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12837","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12837","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O₂Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). In the context of exercise, NIRS confers a higher signal-to-noise ratio than other neuroimaging techniques. However, part of the signal may be influenced by thermoregulatory hyperemia in the superficial cutaneous capillaries of the forehead. The degree to which NIRS signals during exercise reflect cerebral or extracerebral hemodynamic changes is a continuing source of controversy. However, the influence of skin blood flow may be attenuated depending on the NIRS technique (e.g., frequency domain machines with maximal optode separation distances &gt;3.5 cm). The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in forehead skin blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin concentration during incremental exercise versus direct vasodilation of the forehead skin induced by gradual local heating. Thirty participants (12 females, 18 males; age: 20.8 ± 3.2 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg·m⁻²) participated in the study. Forehead skin blood flow was quantified laser Doppler flux and absolute concentrations of cerebral O₂Hb and HHb were measured by NIRS. Local heating significantly increased the Doppler flux signal across time and these changes were significantly correlated with skin temperature. During incremental exercise, skin temperature, Doppler flux, O₂Hb and HHb increased however, the only significant change that was consistently correlated with Doppler flux was skin temperature. Therefore, a significant change in forehead skin blood flow may not significantly the NIRS hemoglobin data, depending on the type of NIRS device used.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 6","pages":"393-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Discovery A and Stratos DR densitometers for assessing whole-body and regional bone mineral density and body composition","authors":"Laurent Maïmoun,&nbsp;Krishna Kunal Mahadea,&nbsp;Sandrine Alonso,&nbsp;Thierry Chevallier,&nbsp;Pierre-Olivier Kotzki,&nbsp;Thibault Mura,&nbsp;Vincent Boudousq","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12836","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The agreement between the Stratos DR and Discovery A densitometers was assessed for measurements of whole-body (WB) and regional fat mass (FM), fat-free soft tissue (FFST) and bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, the precision of the Stratos DR was also evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty participants (35 women, 70%) were measured consecutively, once on the Discovery A and once on the Stratos DR. In a subgroup of participants (<i>n</i> = 29), two successive measurements with the Stratos DR were also performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FM, FFST and BMD measured with the two devices were highly correlated, with a coefficient of correlation ranging from 0.80 to 0.99. Bland-Altman analyses indicated significant bias between the two devices for all measurements. Thus, compared to the Discovery A, the Stratos DR underestimated WB BMD and WB and regional FM and FFST, with the exception of trunk FM and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which were overestimated. Precision error for the Stratos DR, when expressed as root mean square-coefficient of variation (RMS-CV%) for FM, was 1.4% for WB, 3.0% for the gynoid and android regions, and 15.9% for VAT. The RMS-CV% for FFST was 1.0% for WB. The root mean square of standard deviation for WB BMD was 0.018 g/cm², corresponding to a 1.4% CV. The least significant change was 0.050 g/cm² (SD), and 4.0% was considered to be a significant biological change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differences between the Stratos DR and Discovery A measurements are significant and require the use of translational cross-calibration equations. For most of the BMD and body composition parameters, our results demonstrated good Stratos DR precision.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"382-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between ultrasound protocols for the estimation of body fat percentage: Comparison to a four-compartment model","authors":"Katherine Sullivan,&nbsp;Casey J. Metoyer,&nbsp;Lee J. Winchester,&nbsp;Michael R. Esco,&nbsp;Michael V. Fedewa","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12835","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement between body fat percentage (%Fat) estimates derived from a standardized ultrasound protocol (%Fat_IASMS), a commonly used skinfold (SKF)-site-based ultrasound protocol (%Fat_JP), and a criterion four-compartment (4C) model (%Fat_4C). For the ultrasound protocols, all measurement sites were marked, measured and analyzed by the same evaluator. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness was measured manually at the region where the muscle fascia was parallel to the skin and the average value per measurement site was used to calculate body density and subsequently %Fat. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with a priori planned contrasts was used to compare %Fat values between the 4C criterion and both ultrasound methods. Small nonsignificant mean differences were observed between %Fat_IASMS (18.82 ± 14.21%Fat, effect size [ES] = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.178), %Fat_JP (18.23 ± 13.32%Fat, ES = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.050) and the %Fat_4C criterion (21.70 ± 7.57%Fat); however, %Fat_IASMS did not yield a smaller mean difference than the %Fat_JP (<i>p</i> = 0.287). Additionally, %Fat_IASMS (<i>r</i> = 0.90, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 3.29%) and %Fat_JP (<i>r</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, SEE = 3.60%) were strongly correlated with the 4C criterion, however, %Fat_IASMS did not yield better agreement than %Fat_JP (<i>p</i> = 0.257). Despite slightly underestimating %Fat, both ultrasound techniques demonstrated <i>Good—Very Good</i> agreement with the 4C criterion, with comparable mean differences, correlations, and SEE. The International Association of Sciences in Medicine and Sports (IASMS) standardized protocol using manual calculations of SAT was comparable to the SKF-site-based ultrasound protocol when compared to the 4C criterion. These results indicate that the IASMS (with manually measured SAT) and SKF-site-based ultrasound protocols may be of practical use to clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exercise affects dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates but not standardised ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue","authors":"Jun N. Ong,&nbsp;Kagan J. Ducker,&nbsp;Bonnie J. Furzer,&nbsp;Michael Dymock,&nbsp;Grant J. Landers","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and is robust against changes in hydration status or acute food or fluid intake. However, the effect of prior acute exercise is unexamined. This study examined the impact of an acute endurance exercise and resistance exercise session on standardised brightness-mode ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness compared to skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates. In a randomised cross-over design, 30 active adults (24.2 ± 4.9 years) undertook physique assessment via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound, skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before, immediately and 45 min after an acute endurance or resistance exercise session. The mean sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound increased (0.6 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.04) immediately postendurance exercise but was not meaningful when evaluated against the technical error of measurement of the investigator. A significant (<i>p</i> = 0.01) but not meaningful decrease in the sum of eight skinfolds occurred immediately (−1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and 45 min (−1.3 ± 0.4 mm) postresistance exercise. Comparatively, endurance exercise elicited a meaningful decrease of total mass (460 ± 30 g) and trunk lean mass (680 ± 90 g) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry estimates. Findings from this study indicate standardised client presentation may be unnecessary when employing either standardised brightness-mode ultrasound or skinfolds for body composition assessment unlike dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of the pupillary light reflex over short intervals in psychiatric patients and community volunteers","authors":"William V. McCall,&nbsp;Jessica T. Dinsmore,&nbsp;Alicia Brown,&nbsp;Lucas T. Ribbens,&nbsp;Peter B. Rosenquist,&nbsp;Laryssa McCloud,&nbsp;Brian J. Miller","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a method for measuring dynamic responses within the autonomic nervous system, and would have potential value as a point-of-care test in a psychiatry clinic if reproducible results could be obtained in a short period of time. We collected PLR from adult community volunteers and depressed outpatients with the purpose of demonstrating (1) that valid data could be obtained &gt;90% of the time from both the community volunteers and the patients, and (2) that reproducible results could be obtained with repeated measurement over short periods of time. Valid data were captured for 90.3% of 76 participants, allowing for two attempts of the PLR per participant. Success rates were similar for depressed patients and community volunteers. Eighteen of these 76 participants provided repeated paired measurements after 5 and 10 min of dark adaptation, producing high correlations for maximum constriction velocity (MCV) between assay 1 and 2 (Pearson's <i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but there was a significant 8% increase in velocity for MCV between assay 1 and 2 (∆ = 0.34 ± 0.59 mm/s, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, PLR measurements were stable when tested in a separate cohort of 21 additional participants at 10 and 15 min of dark adaptation with an MCV Pearson's correlation of <i>r</i> = 0.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, with a nonsignificant 1% difference between the two time points. These findings indicate an acceptable rate of collecting valid and reproducible PLR data when contrasting two measurements of PLR after 10 or 15 min of dark adaptation in depressed and suicidal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}