Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Agreement between ultrasound protocols for the estimation of body fat percentage: Comparison to a four-compartment model","authors":"Katherine Sullivan,&nbsp;Casey J. Metoyer,&nbsp;Lee J. Winchester,&nbsp;Michael R. Esco,&nbsp;Michael V. Fedewa","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12835","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement between body fat percentage (%Fat) estimates derived from a standardized ultrasound protocol (%Fat_IASMS), a commonly used skinfold (SKF)-site-based ultrasound protocol (%Fat_JP), and a criterion four-compartment (4C) model (%Fat_4C). For the ultrasound protocols, all measurement sites were marked, measured and analyzed by the same evaluator. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness was measured manually at the region where the muscle fascia was parallel to the skin and the average value per measurement site was used to calculate body density and subsequently %Fat. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with a priori planned contrasts was used to compare %Fat values between the 4C criterion and both ultrasound methods. Small nonsignificant mean differences were observed between %Fat_IASMS (18.82 ± 14.21%Fat, effect size [ES] = 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.178), %Fat_JP (18.23 ± 13.32%Fat, ES = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.050) and the %Fat_4C criterion (21.70 ± 7.57%Fat); however, %Fat_IASMS did not yield a smaller mean difference than the %Fat_JP (<i>p</i> = 0.287). Additionally, %Fat_IASMS (<i>r</i> = 0.90, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 3.29%) and %Fat_JP (<i>r</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, SEE = 3.60%) were strongly correlated with the 4C criterion, however, %Fat_IASMS did not yield better agreement than %Fat_JP (<i>p</i> = 0.257). Despite slightly underestimating %Fat, both ultrasound techniques demonstrated <i>Good—Very Good</i> agreement with the 4C criterion, with comparable mean differences, correlations, and SEE. The International Association of Sciences in Medicine and Sports (IASMS) standardized protocol using manual calculations of SAT was comparable to the SKF-site-based ultrasound protocol when compared to the 4C criterion. These results indicate that the IASMS (with manually measured SAT) and SKF-site-based ultrasound protocols may be of practical use to clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"373-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exercise affects dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates but not standardised ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue","authors":"Jun N. Ong,&nbsp;Kagan J. Ducker,&nbsp;Bonnie J. Furzer,&nbsp;Michael Dymock,&nbsp;Grant J. Landers","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12832","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrasound has been demonstrated to be a highly accurate and reliable tool for measuring subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness and is robust against changes in hydration status or acute food or fluid intake. However, the effect of prior acute exercise is unexamined. This study examined the impact of an acute endurance exercise and resistance exercise session on standardised brightness-mode ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness compared to skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition estimates. In a randomised cross-over design, 30 active adults (24.2 ± 4.9 years) undertook physique assessment via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound, skinfolds and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before, immediately and 45 min after an acute endurance or resistance exercise session. The mean sum of eight subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness measured via standardised brightness-mode ultrasound increased (0.6 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.04) immediately postendurance exercise but was not meaningful when evaluated against the technical error of measurement of the investigator. A significant (<i>p</i> = 0.01) but not meaningful decrease in the sum of eight skinfolds occurred immediately (−1.1 ± 0.4 mm) and 45 min (−1.3 ± 0.4 mm) postresistance exercise. Comparatively, endurance exercise elicited a meaningful decrease of total mass (460 ± 30 g) and trunk lean mass (680 ± 90 g) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry estimates. Findings from this study indicate standardised client presentation may be unnecessary when employing either standardised brightness-mode ultrasound or skinfolds for body composition assessment unlike dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10065157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of the pupillary light reflex over short intervals in psychiatric patients and community volunteers","authors":"William V. McCall,&nbsp;Jessica T. Dinsmore,&nbsp;Alicia Brown,&nbsp;Lucas T. Ribbens,&nbsp;Peter B. Rosenquist,&nbsp;Laryssa McCloud,&nbsp;Brian J. Miller","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a method for measuring dynamic responses within the autonomic nervous system, and would have potential value as a point-of-care test in a psychiatry clinic if reproducible results could be obtained in a short period of time. We collected PLR from adult community volunteers and depressed outpatients with the purpose of demonstrating (1) that valid data could be obtained &gt;90% of the time from both the community volunteers and the patients, and (2) that reproducible results could be obtained with repeated measurement over short periods of time. Valid data were captured for 90.3% of 76 participants, allowing for two attempts of the PLR per participant. Success rates were similar for depressed patients and community volunteers. Eighteen of these 76 participants provided repeated paired measurements after 5 and 10 min of dark adaptation, producing high correlations for maximum constriction velocity (MCV) between assay 1 and 2 (Pearson's <i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but there was a significant 8% increase in velocity for MCV between assay 1 and 2 (∆ = 0.34 ± 0.59 mm/s, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, PLR measurements were stable when tested in a separate cohort of 21 additional participants at 10 and 15 min of dark adaptation with an MCV Pearson's correlation of <i>r</i> = 0.84, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, with a nonsignificant 1% difference between the two time points. These findings indicate an acceptable rate of collecting valid and reproducible PLR data when contrasting two measurements of PLR after 10 or 15 min of dark adaptation in depressed and suicidal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults with lower-limb amputation: Reduced multifidi muscle activity and extensor muscle endurance is associated with worse physical performance","authors":"Jaclyn M. Sions,&nbsp;Mayank Seth,&nbsp;Emma H. Beisheim-Ryan,&nbsp;Gregory E. Hicks,&nbsp;Ryan T. Pohlig,&nbsp;John R. Horne","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12833","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trunk muscles may be an overlooked region of deficits following lower-limb amputation (LLA). This study sought to determine the extent that trunk muscle deficits are associated with physical function following amputation. Sedentary adults with a unilateral transtibial- (<i>n</i> = 25) or transfemoral-level (<i>n</i> = 14) amputation were recruited for this cross-sectional research study. Participants underwent a clinical examination that included ultrasound imaging of the lumbar multifidi muscles, the modified Biering-Sorensen Endurance Test (mBSET), and performance-based measures, that is, the Timed Up and Go (TUG), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and 10-m Walk Test (10mWT). Associations between trunk muscle metrics and performance were explored with regression modeling, while considering covariates known to impact performance postamputation (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.100). Average ultrasound-obtained, lumbar multifidi activity was 14% and 16% for transfemoral- and transtibial-level amputations, respectively, while extensor endurance was 37.34 and 12.61 s, respectively. For TUG, nonamputated-side multifidi activity and an interaction term (level x non-amputated-side multifidi activity) explained 9.4% and 6.2% of the total variance, respectively. For 10mWT, beyond covariates, non-amputated-side multifidi activity and the interaction term explained 6.1% and 5.8% of the total variance, respectively. For TUG, extensor endurance and an interaction term (level x mBSET) explained 11.9% and 8.3% of the total variance beyond covariates; for BBS and 10mWT, extensor endurance explained 11.2% and 17.2% of the total variance, respectively. Findings highlight deficits in lumbar multifidi activity and extensor muscle endurance among sedentary adults with a LLA; reduced muscle activity and endurance may be important factors to target during rehabilitation to enhance mobility-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"354-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum, interstitial and sweat ATP in humans exposed to heat stress: Insights into roles of ATP in the heat loss responses","authors":"Naoto Fujii,&nbsp;Yoko Tanabe,&nbsp;Tatsuro Amano,&nbsp;Koichi Watanabe,&nbsp;Narihiko Kondo,&nbsp;Takeshi Nishiyasu,&nbsp;Glen P. Kenny","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12825","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperthermia increases intravascular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is associated with greater hyperthermia-induced cutaneous vasodilation. Hyperthermia may also increase skin interstitial fluid ATP thereby activating cutaneous vascular smooth muscle cells and sweat glands. We evaluated the hypothesis that whole-body heating would increase skin interstitial fluid ATP, and this response would be associated with an increase in cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. Nineteen (8 females) young adults underwent whole-body heating using a water-perfusion suit to increase core temperature by ~1°C during which time cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule technique) were measured at four forearm skin sites to minimize between-site variations. Dialysate from the skin sites were collected via intradermal microdialysis. Heating increased serum ATP, CVC, and sweat rate (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.031). However, heating did not modulate dialysate ATP (median, baseline vs. end-heating: 2.38 vs. 2.70 nmol/ml) (<i>p</i> = 0.068), though the effect size was moderate (Cohen's d = 0.566). While the heating-induced increase in CVC was not correlated with changes in serum ATP (<i>r</i> = 0.439, <i>p</i> = 0.060), we observed a negative correlation (<i>r</i>_s = −0.555, <i>p</i> = 0.017) between dialysate ATP and CVC. We did not observe a significant correlation between the heating-induced sweating and serum, dialysate, or sweat ATP (<i>r</i>_s = 0.091 to −0.322, all <i>p</i> ≥ 0.222). Altogether, we showed that passive heating increases ATP in blood and possibly skin interstitial fluid, with the latter potentially blunting cutaneous vasodilation. However, ATP does not appear to modulate sweating.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"336-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9949660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of physical fitness of coronary disease patients on vagal reentry and heart rate recovery after exercise with and without fluid replacement","authors":"Júlio César d. Á. Soares,&nbsp;Maria Júlia L. Laurino,&nbsp;Anne K. F. d. Silva,&nbsp;Lorena A. Santos,&nbsp;Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12824","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12824","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fluid replacement during exercise has been studied as an important strategy to enhance recovery, however, studies are needed to investigate the effect of this strategy in different physical profiles. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical fitness of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients on vagal reentry and heart rate recovery after exercise performed with and without fluid replacement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonrandomized crossover clinical trial. Thirty-three CAD patients were submitted to (I) cardiopulmonary exercise test: to divide the sample into lower and higher VO₂ peak groups; (II) control protocol (CP): composed of rest, aerobic exercise and passive recovery; (III) hydration protocol (HP): composed of the same activities as the CP, but with water intake during exercise. The recovery was evaluated by vagal reentry and heart rate recovery immediately after exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results did not show significant differences between the higher and lower VO₂ peak groups. In addition, the hydration strategy adopted was not able to cause significant changes between control and HPs, regardless of group. However, a time effect was observed, suggesting anticipation of vagal reactivation and heart rate reduction in HP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical fitness did not influence vagal reentry and heart rate recovery in CAD patients after exercise. However, the hydration strategy seems to have anticipated vagal reentry and produced a more efficient reduction in heart rate regardless of the individuals’ physical fitness, but these results should be analyzed with caution due to the absence of significant differences between groups and protocols.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10305654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on exercise tolerance and patient outcomes with Phase III cardiac rehabilitation in Japan: A multicenter study","authors":"Tatsuro Kitayama,&nbsp;Kenta Mikami,&nbsp;Naoto Usui,&nbsp;Ryo Emori,&nbsp;Taishi Tsuji,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Maruyama,&nbsp;Tadanori Harada","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12823","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to determine how behavioural restrictions due to the emergency declaration following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affect exercise tolerance and its outcomes in patients in Phase III cardiac rehabilitation programme. This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Participants in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programmes and cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after the emergency declarations were included. A total of 90 participants were included (median age 75.0 years, 69% male), and the changes in physical function and exercise tolerance were compared before and after the emergency declaration. Patients were divided into a decline-in-peak oxygen uptake (VO₂) group and a nondecline-in-peak VO₂ group. Comparison before and after the emergency declaration showed that the anaerobic threshold declined significantly and peak VO₂ exhibited a downward trend. The decline-in-peak VO₂ group consisted of 16 patients (17%) with better exercise tolerance, multiple comorbidities, and declined lower extremity muscle strength. These patients also had a higher rate of subsequent composite events (hazard ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–18.8, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Before and after the emergency declaration, the patient's exercise tolerance may decline, leading to a poor prognosis. This study suggests the importance of maintaining exercise tolerance during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early diagnosis of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Maria Maiello,&nbsp;Annagrazia Cecere,&nbsp;Marco M. Ciccone,&nbsp;Pasquale Palmiero","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12822","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12822","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart failure is the most frequent cause of death among patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis(RA), in which high prevalence is independent of traditional risk factors. An early diagnosis of subclinical heart failure may be made by assessing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) by Doppler Echocardiography. Our study aims to early identify LVDD in RA patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 207 consecutive postmenopausal women (PMW) with normal electrocardiography and physical examination with a confirmed diagnosis of RA, for over one year, 200 PMW free from RA served as the control group (CG). All women underwent M-mode and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 72 women were affected by LVDD among 207 women with RA (34.8%), 46 among 200 women in the CG (23%), chi-squared 6.8, OR 1.8, confidence interval (CI) 95%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.009. For our RA women, the chance of being affected by LVDD has almost doubled. There were 70 women affected by LVDD among 72 hypertensive women with RA (97.2%). A total of 32 women were affected by LVDD among 98 hypertensive women in the CG (32.7%), chi-squared 72.1, OR 7.2, CI 95%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.009. Among hypertensive PMW in our population, the chance of being affected by LVDD has more than tripled. All LVDD subjects had abnormal diastolic function for all different degrees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose that PMW, affected by RA, have a significantly higher prevalence than CG of LVDD without clinical evidence of heart disease. Since the prevalence is even higher if they are hypertensive, we suggest a Doppler echocardiography examination for all women with a diagnosis of RA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"313-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of superscan on bone scintigraphy: A systematic review","authors":"Adrienn Kovacsne,&nbsp;Isabella Kozon,&nbsp;Morten Bentestuen,&nbsp;Helle D. Zacho","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12821","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12821","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone scintigraphy (BS) is an important tool for detecting bone metastasis. BS with diffuse increased skeletal radioisotope uptake with absent or faint urinary tract and soft tissue activity is defined as a superscan. In this review, we investigate the different etiologies causing superscan and the reported frequency of superscan among different disease entities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search terms were ‘bone’ AND ‘superscan’ OR ‘superscan’ in the PubMed database from 1980 to November 2020. Eligibility criteria included the following: Peer-reviewed studies containing original data using 99mTc-phosphate-analogue BS reporting a superscan pattern. Unretrievable papers, imaging modalities other than BS or with insufficient information to assess the aetiology were excluded. The abstracts of every paper and full texts of potentially eligible papers were assessed independently by three observers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-seven papers were included (48 case reports and 19 cohort studies). Studies conducted in patients with osteomalacia or skeletal fluorosis revealed superscan in all patients. Other benign causes of superscan were hyperparathyroidism and kidney disease. Among papers with malignant cause, prostate cancer was the most common cause, followed by gastric cancer. The frequency of superscans ranged from 1.3% in a cohort of mixed cancer types up to 2.6% in patients with gastric cancer and up to 23% in a cohort of prostate cancer patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Superscan is most frequently seen in prostate cancer, but numerous other cancers and metabolic bone diseases can cause superscan, which should be kept in mind when encountering an unexpected superscan on BS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 5","pages":"297-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10321526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing skin microcirculation in patients at cardiovascular risk by using laser speckle contrast imaging. A narrative review","authors":"Antonios Lazaridis,&nbsp;Areti Triantafyllou,&nbsp;Konstantinos Mastrogiannis,&nbsp;Anastasia Malliora,&nbsp;Michalis Doumas,&nbsp;Eugenia Gkaliagkousi","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12819","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skin tissue holds a prominent role in microcirculatory research as an easily accessible vascular bed for the noninvasive evaluation of microvascular function. Skin microvascular changes have been associated to alterations in distinct target organs and vascular beds, reinforcing the hypothesis that skin microcirculation can be used as a model of generalized microvascular function. In addition, skin microvascular dysfunction has been documented in cardiovascular disease and patients of increased cardiovascular risk where it has been associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, rendering it a candidate surrogate marker of vascular damage. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a noninvasive, dynamic laser technique that allows assessment of skin microvascular function (SMF) by obtaining two-dimensional maps of the skin perfusion in real time with high spatial and temporal resolution and, most importantly, with the highest reproducibility compared to other laser methods. An ever-increasing number of studies using LSCI is confirming evidence of impaired SMF in several cardiovascular risk groups, therefore expanding its application in microvascular research and showing its potential clinical utility. This review attempts to present the growing importance of SMF in cardiovascular research and the emergence of LSCI technique as a robust imaging modality with a promising role to explore skin microvascular physiology. After a short description of the relevant technique and its main principle of function, we have also opted to present the most up to date studies using LSCI for the investigation of SMF in patients with cardiovascular disease as well as various groups of increased cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"43 4","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}