Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Age differences and reliability of the skeletal muscle quality measurements in women and their relationship with cardiovascular risk","authors":"Olavo João Frederico Ramos Junior,&nbsp;Vivian dos Santos Pinheiro,&nbsp;Thiago Silveira Alvares","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle quality is well-known to decrease with aging and is a risk factor for metabolic abnormalities. However, the impact of muscle quality decline among aging women and its association with cardiovascular risk remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to compare muscular outcomes and investigate whether a correlation exists between muscle quality and cardiovascular risk factors in women. The reliability of muscle quality measurements in young and older women was also addressed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight participants were recruited for the study, including 24 young adults (24 ± 4 years) and 24 older women (66 ± 5 years) were submitted to the evaluation of muscle echo intensity (EI - an indicator of morphological muscle quality) using ultrasound, muscle strength, hemodynamic measurements (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), cardiovascular risk biomarkers, and cardiovascular risk tools (Framingham score and vascular age).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle strength and both functional and morphological muscle quality were greater (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in young women compared to older women. Functional muscle quality was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while muscle EI was positively associated with fasting glucose levels. All muscle strength and muscle quality measurements demonstrated very good test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.98) and low coefficients of variation (&lt;1.5%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that muscle strength and quality differ by age group and are associated with specific cardiovascular risk markers in women. Ultrasound-derived assessments of muscle quality appear to be highly reliable across age groups and may serve as useful tools for research on muscle health and cardiometabolic risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DXA-based estimation of body volume in 4-compartment models: Validating and modifying the Smith-Ryan equation","authors":"Lee Doernte,&nbsp;April Spears,&nbsp;Michael Lane","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate body composition assessment is crucial for evaluating health and guiding interventions. Four-compartment (4 C) models, which separately quantify fat mass, lean body mass, bone mineral content and total body water, offer improved accuracy but usually require multiple devices. This study aimed to validate dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)–derived body volume (BV) equations—specifically those from Wilson and Smith-Ryan—against air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and to modify the Smith-Ryan equation for enhanced BV estimates in a 4 C model. Ninety healthy adults (50 females, 40 males; aged 18–66 years; BMI 18–34 kg/m²) were recruited at a single-centre facility. Participants underwent DXA scanning (GE Lunar DXA) for tissue composition, ADP (Bod Pod) for BV, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy for total body water, with all measurements performed by trained technicians. BV was estimated using the original Wilson and Smith-Ryan equations and a regression-modified Smith-Ryan equation, and these estimates were incorporated into the 4 C model to calculate percent body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FM). All DXA-based BV estimates correlated highly with ADP (<i>r</i> ≥ 0.99). Although the original equations showed small, statistically significant differences in %BF and FM compared to ADP (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), the modified Smith-Ryan equation produced BV estimates equivalent to ADP (<i>p</i> = 0.998). These findings suggest that calibrated DXA-derived BV equations can reliably substitute for ADP in 4 C models, enhancing the accessibility and cost-effectiveness of body composition analysis. Future research should validate these findings in more diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of the HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores in determining the phenotypes and comorbidity burden in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","authors":"Selda Murat,&nbsp;Bektas Murat,&nbsp;Halit Emre Yalvac,&nbsp;Fatih Enes Durmaz,&nbsp;Duygu Inan,&nbsp;Ahmet Celik,&nbsp;Yuksel Cavusoglu","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores are widely used for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, HFpEF is a heterogeneous condition with multiple phenotypes influenced by comorbidities and etiologies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the performance and agreement of these scoring systems across different HFpEF phenotypes and identify additional echocardiographic and clinical parameters that may improve phenotyping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 194 HFpEF patients were classified into three phenotypes: (1) common metabolic group, (2) atrial fibrillation (AF)-predominant group, and (3) hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy group. The clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics of these phenotypes were analyzed. The agreement and performance between HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores for phenotypes in HFpEF patients were assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 194 HFpEF patients were included. While 92.3% of patients had a high HFA-PEFF score, only 42.8% had a high H2FPEF score. The agreement between these scoring methods was low across all phenotypes. Phenotype-specific differences were observed: interventricular septal thickness was highest in phenotype 3, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) was highest in phenotype 2, and left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS) were lowest in phenotype 2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores showed limited agreement in distinguishing HFpEF phenotypes. Additional echocardiographic parameters such as IVS thickness, SPAP, LASr, and RV-FWLS may enhance phenotypic differentiation and improve HFpEF classification. A more refined diagnostic approach incorporating these parameters could guide personalized treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gender, age and method variations on contractility in extremity lymphatic collectors using indocyanine green fluorescence lymphangiography","authors":"Mads Fich Lønnee,&nbsp;Mads Radmer Jensen,&nbsp;Bryan Haddock,&nbsp;Lene Simonsen,&nbsp;Tonny Karlsmark,&nbsp;Jens Bülow","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objectives of this study were to examine how extremity lymphatic collector contraction frequency is influenced by gender, age, and methodological variations in indocyanine green (ICG) injection using near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging in healthy adults. Ten women (19–46 years) and eight men (18–59 years) were examined with 30-min NIRF videos recorded at different time points 0–150 min after injection of ICG. Variations in ICG volume (0.1 mL vs. 0.3 mL), -concentration (1 mg/mL vs. 2.5 mg/mL), -injection site (hand vs. foot), -route of administration (subcutaneous vs. intradermal) were applied to all subjects. The primary outcome was mean contraction frequency with maximum contraction frequency and number of visualised extremity lymphatic collectors as secondary outcomes. The median of mean contraction frequencies for females and males were 0.42 min⁻¹ (IQR 0,19 min⁻¹) and 0.25 min⁻¹ (IQR 0,15 min⁻¹), respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.022). The median of maximum contraction frequencies for females and males were 0.70 min⁻¹ (IQR 0,26 min⁻¹) and 0.34 min⁻¹ (IQR 0,15 min⁻¹), respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Neither age, method variations nor imaging delay had any significant effect on contraction frequencies. Number of visualised collectors increased slightly during 150 min (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Mean and maximum contraction frequencies were significantly higher in women compared to men. This is a novel finding that warrants verification in future studies. Contraction frequency measured with 30-min NIRF imaging using an ICG volume as little as 0.1 mL and a concentration of 1 mg/mL is seemingly robust and readily available. This method is recommendable for perturbation studies of lymphatic collector function and pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144292859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of [18F]PSMA-1007 uptake variability in patients with prostate cancer","authors":"Elin Trägårdh,&nbsp;Måns Larsson,&nbsp;David Minarik,&nbsp;Olof Enqvist,&nbsp;Lars Edenbrandt","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The biodistribution of PSMA-ligands is of interest in radionuclide therapy planning. We investigated the variability of [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 uptake in organs at risk and in relation to tumour burden in prostate cancer patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1086 patients who underwent PSMA PET-CT for staging or recurrence of prostate cancer were included. Total lesion volume (TLV) and total lesion uptake (TLU) were calculated from manual segmentations. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV_mean) in the organs at risk kidneys, liver, parotid glands and spleen was obtained. Correlations between TLV/TLU and SUV_mean in normal tissues were calculated using Spearman rank correlation. SUV_mean in normal tissues was stratified into groups based on TLV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median (IQR) SUV_mean of the kidneys, liver, parotid glands, and spleen was 13.1 (IQR 4.6), 11.8 (4.4), 18.6 (6.8) and 11.3 (5.8), respectively. The median TLV was 3.8 cm³ (9.7) and median TLU was 31.2 cm³ (106.3). There was no significant correlation between TLV or TLU and SUV_mean for the liver, parotid glands, or spleen, but a weak negative correlation between TLV/TLU and SUV_mean in the kidneys (<i>r</i> = −0.011, <i>p</i> = 0.0005; <i>r</i> = −0.09, <i>p</i> = 0.003). There was a tendency towards a lower SUV_mean in the kidneys and parotid glands in patients with a very high TLV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a large uptake variability in organs at risk, which demonstrates the need for individual pretherapy dosimetry. There may be a tumour sink effect in the kidneys and parotid glands in patients with a very high TLV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144292862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author's reply to ‘considerations for fasting and dehydration effects on pupillary light reflex: A commentary on Adam et al.’","authors":"Mehmet Adam,&nbsp;Ali Osman Gündoğan,&nbsp;Ali Tezcan,&nbsp;Refik Oltulu,&nbsp;Selman Belviranlı,&nbsp;Enver Mirza,&nbsp;Mehmet Okka","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventilation/perfusion SPECT in children: Feasibility, impact on clinical decision-making and interrater agreement","authors":"Lise Borgwardt,&nbsp;Mette Louise Mørk,&nbsp;Henrik Gutte,&nbsp;Anne Kiil Berthelsen,&nbsp;Robin de Nijs,&nbsp;Ronan M. G. Berg,&nbsp;Jann Mortensen","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It remains to be established whether it provides any clinical or diagnostic benefits to perform ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy as a single photon emission computed tomography in children. Here, we report our experience with this modality, evaluate its impact on clinical decision-making and assess its interrater agreement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All V/Q scintigraphies performed in children over a 1-year period were identified, and patient files were reviewed. Two nuclear medicine physicians, blinded to patient data and each other's readings, interpreted all scintigraphies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 20 planar and SPECT V/Q scintigraphies were identified. In 17/20 cases (85%), the results of the scan were found to directly inform clinical decision-making. SPECT mainly ruled out the presence of ventilation and perfusion defects that were suspected on planar scintigraphy. In terms of interrater agreement, Cohen's <i>ϰ</i> coefficients for planar ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy were 0.34 and 0.38 (fair agreement), respectively, while the corresponding values for SPECT were 0.42 and 0.61 (moderate to substantial agreement).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is both feasible and clinically meaningful to perform V/Q SPECT in children. In this patient group, V/Q SPECT furthermore seems to have better interrater agreement than planar scintigraphy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prior beetroot juice ingestion prevents the temporal reduction of endothelial function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise","authors":"Takuma Morishima,&nbsp;Sahiro Mizuno,&nbsp;Gaku Murakami,&nbsp;Rikako Yamazaki,&nbsp;Eisuke Ochi","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Backgrounds</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nutritional strategies for preventing endothelial function impairment following high-intensity resistance exercise remain largely unknown. Considering that beetroot juice (BRJ) ingestion enhances nitric oxide levels, we aimed to evaluate whether prior BRJ ingestion would prevent endothelial function impairment following high-intensity resistance exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve young males underwent two experimental trials of high-intensity resistance exercise with prior: (1) placebo ingestion (PLA trial) and (2) BRJ ingestion (BRJ trial). All participants ingested 140 mL of PLA or BRJ (approximately 0.0055 or 12.8 mmol of nitrate, respectively) before the high-intensity resistance exercise (leg extension). Participants performed a resistance exercise session comprising five sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of one repetition maximum. During each intervention trial, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were continuously measured. Brachial artery diameter, velocity, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured at pre-, 60 min after PLA or BRJ ingestion, and 10 and 60 min after the resistance exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No differences in systolic blood pressure, shear rate, blood flow, and vascular conductance in response to resistance exercise were noted between the trials (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, at post-10 min after the resistance exercise, the BRJ trial exhibited a greater brachial artery FMD than the PLA trial (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the BRJ trial had a significantly higher ΔFMD from pre- to the post-10–min period than the PLA trial (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BRJ ingestion prevents endothelial function impairment immediately after a high-intensity resistance exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absolute and relative changes in muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area","authors":"Samuel L. Buckner,&nbsp;Selena L. Gonzalez,&nbsp;John M. Holtje,&nbsp;Enrique N. Moreno,&nbsp;Scott J. Dankel","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in muscle size are often measured as a change in muscle thickness (MT) or as a change in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Differences in how muscles are measured is an important consideration as different absolute and relative changes in muscle size may carry different meaning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of the present study was to compare acute changes in MT and CSA in the rectus femoris following five sets of knee extension exercise.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four participants visited the laboratory for one visit. Participant's dominant leg was placed into the exercise condition, and their contralateral leg was used as a non-exercise control. Ultrasound images were taken in both legs, before performing five sets of unilateral knee extension exercise in the dominant leg. Following exercise, participants had ultrasound images re-assessed. Pre and post values of MT and CSA were calculated from all images.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle size increased in the exercise condition when measured as MT (mean change [95% CI] = 0.404 [−0.347 to 0.460] cm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00) or CSA (mean change [95% CI] = 0.734 [0.522−0.946] cm², <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In relative teams, MT increased by 25.5%, and the effect size of the change was 2.49. For CSA, the relative change was 37.3% and the effect size of the change was 1.20.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relative change in MT following five sets of knee extension exercise was smaller than the relative change in CSA; however, the effect was larger, suggesting that the smaller relative change may have been easier to detect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for fasting and dehydration effects on pupillary light reflex: A commentary on Adam et al. (2025)","authors":"Kong Siang Syuan,&nbsp;Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1111/cpf.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}