Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Positive effect of erythromycin on ineffective oesophageal motility in laryngopharyngeal reflux patients: Room for a novel treatment?","authors":"Fienne Sime, David Tovmassian, Gregory L Falk","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) management guidelines are currently derived from the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) which has been shown to be poorly effective in controlling symptoms for these patients. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been used extensively as a prokinetic agent for the gastrointestinal tract. The management of LPR with prokinetics is a novel therapy being investigated with regard to its effectiveness. The purpose of this pilot study was to observe the effect of erythromycin on oesophageal motility with high resolution manometry (HRM) to establish if further study is warranted regarding its utility in management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained database at a single centre of patients with findings suggestive of LPR who had also undergone HRM. These patients all received lifestyle modification and erythromycin 250 mg BD with repeat HRM after 6 weeks of therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 56.2 ± 14.9. Mean ineffective swallows were 54.38% ± 41.3% compared with 34.4% ± 35.2% pre and post-erythromycin therapy (p = 0.018). Mean distal contractile integral at baseline was 793.61 ± 854.96 mmHg at baseline increasing to 1347 ± 1094.73 mmHg after erythromycin therapy (p = 0.013). IRP also showed improvement from 8.99 ± 7.58 increasing to 10.93 ± 7.9 mmHg (p = 0.045). Subgroup analysis of patients with ineffective oesophageal motility reinforced above findings as well as increase in the amount of 'normal' peristalsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study shows early evidence that erythromycin improves oesophageal motility. Further study is warranted to explore these findings in more detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic healthy non-diabetic postmenopausal women","authors":"Jehona Ismaili,&nbsp;Pranvera Ibrahimi,&nbsp;Venera Berisha-Muharremi,&nbsp;Rona Karahoda,&nbsp;Mimoza Berbatovci-Ukimeraj,&nbsp;Nora Istrefi,&nbsp;Bujar Gjikolli,&nbsp;Arlind Batalli,&nbsp;Afrim Poniku,&nbsp;Shpend Elezi,&nbsp;Michael Y. Henein,&nbsp;Gani Bajraktari","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12920","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12920","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular disease progresses after menopause. Conventional risk factors, particularly diabetes, for atherosclerosis are well-established predictors of phenotypic arterial disease. The aim of this study is to assess the predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic non-diabetic postmenopausal women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective study included 117 consecutive postmenopausal women (mean age 59 ± 7 years) referred from the outpatient Rheumatology Clinic of the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, recruited between September 2021 and December 2022. Clinical, biochemical, carotid ultrasound and coronary CT angiography data were analysed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was diagnosed when plaque and/or carotid intima-media thickness &gt;1.00 mm were present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women who had subclinical atherosclerosis had higher erythrocyte sedimentation (<i>p</i> = 0.022), higher total cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.013), higher CAC score (<i>p</i> = 0.017), and higher prevalence of CAC &gt; 100 HU and CAC &gt; 400 HU (<i>p</i> = 0.017 and <i>p</i> = 0.034, respectively) compared to those without subclinical atherosclerosis. Women who had mild coronary calcification (CAC score ≥10 HU) were older (<i>p</i> = 0.005), in longer menopause (<i>p</i> = 0.005), had thicker CIMT (<i>p</i> = 0.008) with higher prevalence (<i>p</i> = 0.03) compared to those with CAC score &lt;10 HU. Women with moderate coronary calcification (CAC score ≥100 HU) had higher triglycerides, worse CIMT (<i>p</i> = 0.005) with higher prevalence (<i>p</i> = 0.039) compared to those with CAC score &lt;100 HU. In multivariate analysis [odds ratio 95% confidence interval], age [1.101 (1.032–1.174), <i>p</i> = 0.037] and cholesterol [2.020 (1.225–3.331), <i>p</i> = 0.006] independently predicted the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In addition to the impact of age, hypercholesterolaemia is an important predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic postmenopausal women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of experience on visual and Simpson's biplane echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction","authors":"S. Akil,&nbsp;J. Castaings,&nbsp;P. Thind,&nbsp;T. Åhlfeldt,&nbsp;M. Akhtar,&nbsp;A. T. Gonon,&nbsp;M. Quintana,&nbsp;K. Bouma","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12918","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12918","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In clinical routine, health care professionals with various levels of experience assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography. The aim was to investigate to what extent visual and Simpson's biplane assessment of LVEF, using two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), is affected by the evaluator's experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound images of 140 patients were assessed, visually and with Simpson's biplane method, by six evaluators divided into three groups based on echocardiographic experience level (beginner, intermediate and expert). The evaluators were blinded to each other's LVEF assessments. Bland-Altman analyses (bias±SD) were performed to assess agreement. <i>P</i>-values &lt; 0.05 with the performed paired t-test were considered statistically significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Level of agreement in LVEF was good between evaluators within the expert group: visual = LVEF_{expert 1} vs LVEF_{expert 2}: −0.4 ± 6.4 (<i>p</i> = 0.46); Simpson's biplane = LVEF_{expert 1} vs LVEF_{expert 2}: 0.96 ± 7.0 (<i>p</i> = 0.11), somewhat lower within the intermediate group: visual = LVEF_{intermediate 1} vs LVEF_{intermediate 2}: −1.2 ± 4.4 (<i>p</i> = 0.004); Simpson's biplane = LVEF_{intermediate 1} vs LVEF _{intermediate 2}: −3.3 ± 5.0 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and lowest for beginners: visual = LVEF_{beginner 1} vs LVEF_{beginner 2}: 2.3 ± 9.8 (<i>p</i> = 0.007), Simpson's biplane = LVEF_{beginner 1} vs LVEF beginner 2: −1.8 ± 8.7 (<i>p</i> = 0.02). The agreement between LVEF_expert and LVEFs by the two other groups was: visual = LVEF_expert vs LVEF_beginner: 1.5 ± 6.0 (<i>p</i> = 0.005); LVEF_intermediate: −3.0 ± 4.4 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and Simpson's biplane = LVEF_expert vs LVEF_beginner: 3.2 ± 6.3 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); LVEF_intermediate: −2.2 ± 4.7 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evaluator's level of experience affects visual and Simpson's biplane assessment of LVEF by 2D-TTE, with highest variability being among beginners. Furthermore, a second opinion is recommended when assessing reduced LVEF even for evaluators with intermediate and expert experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-session repeatability of Doppler ultrasound leg blood flow assessments during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"Milan Mohammad,&nbsp;Jacob P. Hartmann","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12919","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12919","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Doppler ultrasound can be used to evaluate leg blood flow (Q̇_leg), especially of interest when investigating peripheral vascular limitations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the within-session repeatability, a subdomain of test-retest reliability, of this method remains unknown. This study aimed to provide within-session repeatability estimates of Doppler ultrasound-based Q̇_leg at rest and during single-leg knee-extensor exercise (KEE) in patients with COPD, and to compare these estimates to matched healthy controls. In this case-controlled study, 16 participants with COPD were matched based on sex and age with 16 healthy controls. All participants underwent measurement of Q̇_leg using Doppler ultrasound in a KEE setup at various intensities with the same measurement being performed again separated by 10 s. Smallest real difference (SRD) was lowest at rest in both groups and increased during exercise, reaching values ranging from 164 to 231 mL in COPD and 122–180 mL in the control group. The coefficient of variance (CV) was highest at rest and decreased during exercise to values ranging from 4.0% to 5.0% in COPD and 2.6%–3.2% in the control group. The CV was significantly lower in the control group during 0 watt and exercise at 20% of max watt, but apart from that, no reliability estimates were different between groups. To conclude, Doppler ultrasound showed nearly equal within-session repeatability when evaluating Q̇_leg in COPD patients and healthy individuals with a CV not exceeding 5% during exercise for both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of structural factors around the accessory nerve on the pathogenesis of essential neck and upper-back stiffness: a sonographic investigation","authors":"Shohei Shibasaki,&nbsp;Tomonori Kishino,&nbsp;Yoriko Sei,&nbsp;Keiichiro Harashima,&nbsp;Konomi Sakata,&nbsp;Hiroaki Ohnishi,&nbsp;Takashi Watanabe","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12917","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12917","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neck and upper-back stiffness involves discomfort/ache in the trapezius muscle (TM). The pathogenesis of ‘essential neck and upper-back stiffness’ without obvious causes remains uncertain. In symptomatic subjects, TM hardness correlates with decreased transverse cervical artery (TCA) blood flow to the TM. Neck and upper-back stiffness could be associated with both hemodynamic and neurological factors affecting the TM. We therefore sonographically evaluated structural factors around the accessory nerve innervating the TM impacting neck and upper-back stiffness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants comprised 69 healthy young adults (33 men, 36 women; 21 ± 1 y) who completed questionnaires and underwent elastography to determine TM hardness as a strain ratio and pulsed Doppler sonography to determine TCA hemodynamics. Intermuscular length was measured as the distance between sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae muscles around the accessory nerve. Relationships of intermuscular length with symptoms, TM hardness, and TCA hemodynamics were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intermuscular length was greater in symptomatic subjects (median 2.3 mm, interquartile range 1.5–3.1 mm) than in asymptomatic subjects (median 1.8 mm, interquartile range 1.5–2.3 mm; <i>p</i> = 0.032). Intermuscular length correlated positively with symptom severity (<i>r</i> = 0.43, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and negatively with strain ratio for the TM (<i>r</i> = −0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.025) and peak systolic velocity in the TCA (<i>r</i> = −0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.022). Intermuscular length contributed independently to the presence of symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.025, odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.11–4.62).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In symptomatic subjects, symptom severity, TM hardness and TCA hemodynamics all correlated with greater intermuscular length. Structures around the accessory nerve could be associated with the pathogenesis of essential neck and upper-back stiffness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin tissue dielectric constant: Time of day and skin depth dependence","authors":"Harvey N. Mayrovitz","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12916","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12916","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skin water measurements are used to investigate skin physiology, clinically study dermatological issues, and for conditions like diabetes, oedema, and lymphedema with measurements done at various times of day (TOD). One method used is skin's tissue dielectric constant (TDC), often clinically measured to a single depth of 2.5 mm. This report characterizes intraday variations measured to multiple depths to guide expected TOD and depth dependence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve medical students self-measured TDC on their forearm to depths of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mm every 2 h from 08:00 to 24:00 h on 2 consecutive days. All were trained in the procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TDC declined slightly from morning through evening, mostly at 0.5 mm for which TDC was reduced by 4%. TDC values were not related to participants' whole-body fat or water percentages. The TDC decrease was less at 1.5 mm where the reduction was 2.7%. At depths of 2.5 or 5.0 mm, there was no significant decrease in TOD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skin TDC shows a minor decreasing trend with an effect greater for shallower depths. In part, the clinical relevance of the findings relates to the confidence level associated with skin water estimates, based on TDC measurements, when measured at different TOD and depths during normal clinic hours. Based on the present data the TOD change is at most 4% and insignificant for measurement depths of 2.5 mm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of fat-free adipose tissue correction formula for tracking body composition changes with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","authors":"Sam R. Moore,&nbsp;Paul A. Baker,&nbsp;Abbie E. Smith-Ryan","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12915","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fat loss is often the target of weight loss interventions; however, preservation of lean soft tissue (LST) may be more important for health and weight maintenance. Though some LST loss may be inevitable when tracking body composition changes using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), correcting for the fat-free component of adipose tissue (FFAT) in DXA-derived LST (DXALST) has been proposed. This analysis sought to evaluate differences between DXALST and FFAT-corrected LST (FFATLST) amongst varied populations and interventions to understand application of the correction formula on LST outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>226 subjects were analyzed across five prior studies. Three studies evaluated combined nutrition and exercise (high-intensity interval training [HIIT] or high-intensity resistance training [HIRT]) interventions, including HIIT + HIRT with pre- and post-nutrient timing (HIITRT), HIIT + essential amino acids (HIITAA), and HIRT + protein (HIRTPRO). Remaining studies evaluated HIIT (HIITOW) and protein following bariatric surgery (BARPRO). Pre and post total body DXA scans were used to measure DXALST, body mass, and fat mass (FM). The correction formula was applied to calculate FFATLST. Paired sample <i>t</i>-tests were used to evaluate differences between DXALST and FFATLST change scores (Δ) across all subjects, within each study and intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences between ΔDXALST and ΔFFATLST were observed for BARPRO (mean difference [MD; ΔDXALST–ΔFFATLST] ± standard error [SE]: −3.5 ± 1.2 kg, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), as well as HIRTPRO (−0.1 ± 0.2 kg, <i>p</i> = 0.004).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When evaluating LST, the FFAT correction may be specifically applicable to cases of significant weight loss (&gt;10% of original weight) or body recomposition (≥2% FM loss and ≥2% LST gain).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between antihypertensive drugs and cerebral hemodynamic parameters: insights from observational findings using transcranial Doppler","authors":"Michel Ferreira Machado,&nbsp;Henrique Cotchi Simbo Muela,&nbsp;Valeria Aparecida Costa-Hong,&nbsp;Natalia Cristina Moraes,&nbsp;Claudia Maia Memória,&nbsp;Edson Bor-Seng-Shu,&nbsp;Ricardo Nitrini,&nbsp;Luiz Aparecido Bortolotto,&nbsp;Ricardo de Carvalho Nogueira","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12913","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12913","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antihypertensives (AHD) can influence cerebral autoregulation (CA) and attenuate hypertrophic concentric remodelling of arterioles. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between AHD, CA and structural and functional properties of cerebral arteries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this observational, cross-sectional study 115 volunteers were divided in group 1 (non-hypertensive) [<i>n</i> = 30]; group 2 (hypertensive with systolic blood pressure [SBP] &lt; 140 and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] &lt; 90 mmHg) [<i>n </i>= 54]; group 3 (hypertensive with SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) [<i>n</i> = 31] and simultaneous measurements of systemic blood pressure (BP) and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV) were obtained from digital plethysmography and transcranial Doppler. Beat-to-beat, critical closing pressure (CrCP), resistance-area product (RAP) and autoregulation index (ARI) values were extracted by linear regression analysis of instantaneous BP and CBFV waveforms using computerised analysis. Pulsatility index (PI) was calculated and CO₂ reactivity was assessed by the breath-holding test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite their higher RAP (1.7 [±0.7], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to groups 1 and 2, uncontrolled hypertensive using diuretics (<i>p</i> = 0.047) and α2-agonists (<i>p</i> = 0.009) had significantly lower PI. Impaired CO₂ reactivity was common between the two hypertensive groups (<i>p</i> = 0.008), however ARI, CrCP and CBFV did not differ between them and non-hypertensive individuals and also did not correlate with any AHD used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unlike the RAP, PI does not seem to reflect the real cerebrovascular resistence resulting from chronic arterial remodelling. Despite impaired CO₂ reactivity, hypertensive have arterial tonus and CA comparable to non-hypertensive. Experimental studies involving an untreated hypertensive control group are required to robustly make definitive conclusions about these questions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total and appendicular body composition comparisons between near-infrared reactance spectroscopy and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry","authors":"Caleb F. Brandner,&nbsp;Abby T. Compton,&nbsp;Sydney H. Swafford,&nbsp;Ryan S. Aultman,&nbsp;Anabelle Vallecillo-Bustos,&nbsp;Ta'Quoris A. Newsome,&nbsp;Megan E. Renna,&nbsp;Tanner Thorsen,&nbsp;Jon Stavres,&nbsp;Austin J. Graybeal","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12914","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly popular in personal and professional settings now that it has been adapted to provide comprehensive body composition assessments. However, whether NIRS agrees with criterion methods remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to determine the agreement between NIRS and DXA-derived body composition estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-seven participants completed body composition assessments using DXA, and first-generation (NIRS_G1), second-generation (NIRS_G2), and muscle-specific NIRS (NIRS_FIT) devices. On a separate day, a subset of participants (<i>n</i> = 63) performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) on a handgrip dynamometer, which were used in conjunction with total appendicular lean mass (ALM) estimates to provide ratios (MVC/total ALM or MVC/ALM of the arms only) depicting muscle quality index (MQI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat %, and ALM, from NIRS_G2, but not bone mineral content (BMC), and NIRS_FIT demonstrated equivalence (using equivalence tests) with DXA with R² from 0.83 to 0.97; though BMC revealed concordance coefficients of 0.83 and an R² of 0.88. MQI using total ALM from NIRS was not equivalent to DXA, but demonstrated low root mean squared error (0.08 kg/kg) and 95% limits of agreement (±0.21 kg/kg). Indices of visceral adipose tissue (iVAT) from NIRS_G1 and NIRS_G2 were significantly different (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but were both significantly associated with DXA VAT (NIRS_G1 R²: 0.53; NIRS_G2 R²: 0.62; both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NIRS appears to demonstrate acceptable agreement with DXA and continual improvements could make NIRS a viable alternative for comprehensive body composition assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between heart rate variability and echocardiography indices of cardiac function in healthy individuals","authors":"Mushidur Rahman,&nbsp;Sophie L. Russell,&nbsp;Nduka C. Okwose,&nbsp;Charles J. Steward,&nbsp;Helen Maddock,&nbsp;Prithwish Banerjee,&nbsp;Djordje G. Jakovljevic","doi":"10.1111/cpf.12910","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cpf.12910","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the relationship between HRV and echocardiography indices of cardiac function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy individuals (<i>N</i> = 30) aged 33 ± 10 years old, underwent short-term resting HRV assessment and transthoracic echocardiography with speckle tracking analysis. Time domain - (i.e. R-R interval, root mean square of successive RR interval difference (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and frequency domain-measures of HRV (i.e. high-frequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency normalised (HFnorm) and low-frequency normalised (LFnorm)). Echocardiography indices of cardiac function included; Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left- and right-ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS, and RV GLS), left atrial strain: left atrial reservoir (LA_res), left atrial conduit (LA_con) and left atrial contraction (LA_CT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean values for HRV time-domain measures were: R-R (991 ± 176 ms), SDNN (50.9 ± 21.5 ms), and RMSSD (46.8 ± 29.4 ms); and frequency-domain: LF (727 ± 606 ms²), HF (415 ± 35 ms²), LFnorm (56 ± 19.4) and HFnorm (36.5 ± 18.8). Mean values for indices of cardiac function were LVEF (59.9% ± 2.8%), LV-GLS (19.2% ± 1.4%), RV-GLS (21.7% ± 2.7%), LA_res (36.8% ± 6.99%), LA_con (26.2% ± 6.95%) and LA_CT (12.3% ± 3.56%). There was a significant negative relationship between HF and LV-GLS (<i>r</i> = −0.47, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and RMSSD and LVEF (<i>r</i> = −0.39, <i>p</i> = 0.03) respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heart rate variability measures such as high frequency power and RMSSD are associated with left ventricle systolic function in healthy individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10504,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cpf.12910","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}