Climacteric最新文献

{"title":"The association between smoking and joint pain in women attending a specialized menopause clinic.","authors":"Taylor Roebotham, Farhad Ghasemi, Wendy Wolfman","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2026.2628339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2026.2628339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Joint pain is a common menopausal symptom, but remains poorly understood. Smoking has an anti-estrogenic effect and is linked to pain syndromes. This study evaluated whether smoking is independently associated with joint pain in menopausal women.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional analysis of survey data from 371 menopausal women attending a Canadian menopause clinic (2017-2019). Participants self-reported symptom severity, medical history and lifestyle factors. Moderate to severe joint pain was defined as a symptom score ≥2 on a 5-point scale. Logistic regression assessed associations between smoking and joint pain, adjusting for age, estrogen use, alcohol consumption, obesity and depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate to severe joint pain was reported by 52% of participants. Smoking was significantly associated with joint pain in both univariate (odds ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-5.03) and multivariate (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.05-4.82) models. Joint pain was also associated with hot flashes, mood symptoms and fatigue. Age, estrogen use, obesity, depression, alcohol use and sexual activity were not significantly associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smoking is independently associated with joint pain in menopausal women. While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, this association supports the hypothesis that estrogen-related pathways play a role in menopausal joint symptoms and highlights smoking as a potential modifiable risk factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female reproductive factors, genetic susceptibility and incident osteoporosis risk.","authors":"Zhong-Qiang Liu, Yu-Jun Xiong, Xiao Yu, Tian Lv, Hang-Yang Xu","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2026.2627565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2026.2627565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Osteoporosis risk is shaped by both reproductive factors and genetic predisposition, yet their combined effects remain insufficiently studied.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 49,885 women from the UK Biobank were analyzed, excluding those with baseline osteoporosis or missing reproductive data. Reproductive factors included age at menarche, menopause time/status, history of stillbirth, hysterectomy, oophorectomy and oral contraceptive (OC) use. Genetic susceptibility was assessed using the polygenic risk score (PRS). Cox models estimated associations, with restricted cubic splines testing non-linear trends. Kaplan-Meier curves and sensitivity analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Late menarche, premature ovarian insufficiency, menopausal status, stillbirth, hysterectomy and oophorectomy were linked to higher osteoporosis risk, while OC use was protective. Women with high PRS combined with adverse reproductive histories had the greatest risk. Additive interactions were evident between genetic risk and menopause, stillbirth, hysterectomy and oophorectomy, whereas other factors acted largely independently. Sensitivity analyses supported robustness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both reproductive history and genetic susceptibility contribute to osteoporosis risk in women. Joint assessment of these factors may enhance risk stratification and inform personalized prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147302947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hot flashes: a potential marker of deterioration of health-related quality of life.","authors":"Juan E Blümel, María S Vallejo, Peter Chedraui, Eugenio Arteaga, Félix Ayala, Ascanio Bencosme, Andrés Calle, Lucia Costa-Paiva, Maribel Dextre, Karen Díaz, Alejandra Elizalde-Cremonte, Santiago Elizalde-Cremonte, Carlos Escalante, María T Espinoza, Ircania García, Gustavo Gómez-Tabares, Hugo Gutiérrez-Crespo, Marcela López, Juan Matsumura-Kasana, Paolo Meza, Álvaro Monterrosa-Castro, Mónica Ñañez, Eliana Ojeda, Claudia Rey, Ana Lucia Ribeiro Valadares, Doris Rodríguez-Vidal, Marcio Ah Rodrigues, Javier Saavedra, Carlos Salinas, Lida Sosa, Konstantinos Tserotas, Margot Acuña-San Martín, Marcela S Aguirre","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2026.2627561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2026.2627561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hot flashes are among the most common symptoms of the menopausal transition and have traditionally been considered benign and self-limiting. However, increasing evidence suggests that they may indicate broader neurovascular and inflammatory dysregulation linked to reproductive aging. The possible effect of hot flush severity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains inadequately studied, particularly in Latin American populations. This study aimed to examine the association between hot flash severity and HRQoL in middle-aged women using validated tools and a large, multicenter sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2024 and January 2025 in 30 healthcare centers across 12 Latin American countries. A total of 3523 women aged 40-60 years were assessed using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) to evaluate vasomotor symptoms and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) to measure HRQoL. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the association between hot flush severity and low HRQoL, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing severity of hot flushes was significantly associated with lower HRQoL scores across all SF-36 domains. In the logistic regression analysis, mild hot flushes (MRS item 1 score = 1) were associated with increased odds of impaired HRQoL (odds ratio [OR] 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.55), whereas very severe symptoms (MRS item 1 score = 4) demonstrated a substantially stronger association (OR 4.10; 95% CI: 2.93-5.74). Additional factors significantly associated with lower HRQoL included physical inactivity, the presence of comorbidities, obesity, current use of psychotropic medication, age ≥50 years and having two or more children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hot flush severity is a strong and independent determinant of HRQoL in midlife women. These findings underscore the need for systematic assessment and targeted management of vasomotor symptoms in routine care, supporting the hypothesis that hot flashes may be a clinical marker of systemic aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment patterns of hormone therapy for menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: analysis of the HIRA database in South Korea.","authors":"Jung-Ho Shin, Geum Joon Cho, Farid Abdul Hadi, Soyoung Kim, Robert Snijder, Mohamed Soliman, Sharon Yu Lin Chua, Cindy Thiow Koon Lim","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2026.2615389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2026.2615389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to describe treatment patterns of hormone therapy (HT) prescribed for menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms (VMS), characteristics of women who received HT and events of interest using the Health Insurance and Review Assessment (HIRA) database in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible patients were women aged 40-65 years who were first dispensed HT in 2015 and diagnosed with menopause-associated VMS. Patients were followed until death or the end of the data period, 31 December 2020, whichever occurred earlier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analyses included 102,535 patients. Median age at VMS diagnosis was 52 years. Time from diagnosis to HT dispensation was <3 months in 77.6% (<i>n</i> = 79,559) of patients; 51.3% (<i>n</i> = 52,648) received HT for <3 months and 27.9% (<i>n</i> = 28,634) for >1 year. Most patients (60.5%, <i>n</i> = 62,064) had a medical condition of interest at baseline; 27.0% (<i>n</i> = 27,655) had a contraindication and 39.7% (<i>n</i> = 40,667) had a precaution for HT. Tibolone and combined estrogen with progestogen were the most common HTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the number of patients who received HT constituted approximately 1% of the estimated 9.31 million menopausal population in South Korea, most patients prescribed HT had a medical condition of interest at baseline that was a contraindication or precaution for HT. There is a need to identify additional well-tolerated, effective alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvovaginal estrogen therapy for urinary symptoms in postmenopausal women: a review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Irene Porcari, Stefano Uccella, Chiara Casprini, Mariachiara Bosco, Pier Carlo Zorzato, Simone Garzon","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2517138","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2517138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to summarize available evidence on the efficacy of vulvovaginal topical estrogen therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Multiple databases were systematically searched from inception to October 2024 to identify all studies providing pretreatment and post-treatment data for menopausal women with LUTS who received vulvovaginal estrogen therapy. A random effect meta-analysis was conducted (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024517516).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies were included for a total of 2111 patients. The pooled odds ratio for the occurrence of considered outcomes after versus before treatment was 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05-0.36; <i>I</i>² = 73%) for recurrent urinary tract infections, 0.12 (95% CI 0.05-0.29; <i>I</i>² = 62%) for stress urinary incontinence, 0.22 (95% CI 0.16-0.32; <i>I</i>² = 0%) for urge incontinence, 0.11 (95% CI 0.06-0.18; <i>I</i>² = 23%) for urgency, 0.22 (95% CI 0.16-0.23; <i>I</i>² = 0%) for frequency and 0.24 (95% CI 0.17-0.34; <i>I</i>² = 0%) for nocturia. The pooled mean difference for vaginal pH was -1.29 (95% CI -1.66 to -0.91; <i>I</i>² = 96%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vulvovaginal topical estrogen therapy appears to improve all analyzed LUTS in menopausal women. Available evidence supports current guidelines recommending vulvovaginal topical estrogen therapy for the management of these symptoms in menopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cranial electro-stimulation on cognition in perimenopausal women: randomized control study.","authors":"Naveeta Thakur, Nidhi Sharma, Simranjeet Kaur, Parveen Kumar, Preeti Kapri, Priyanka Negi","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2530444","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2530444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) on cognition among perimenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pretest-post-test randomized controlled trial was conducted between April 2024 and January 2025. Forty-six perimenopausal women, aged 40-55 years, were randomized into two groups: active CES (<i>n</i> = 23) or sham CES (<i>n</i> = 23). Participants were blinded to the study. Both groups received 30-min sessions, 4 days a week for 4 weeks. The participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of 4 weeks of intervention using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic and baseline characteristics depicted a normal distribution for both groups, except for MoCA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Within-group analyses of both groups demonstrated significant differences for MoCA (active CES, <i>p</i> = 0.001; sham CES, <i>p</i> = 0.002) with large effect size ≥ 0.5. Between-group analyses of MoCA showed no significant difference with <i>p</i> = 0.212 and small effect size ≤ 0.3. The time and group interaction effect showed significant improvement with <i>p</i> = 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CES has the potential to enhance cognitive function in perimenopausal women. Additionally, no adverse events related to the study were reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary therapies for women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic literature review to inform the 2024 update of the ESHRE/ASRM/IMS/CRE-WHiRL guidelines on premature ovarian insufficiency.","authors":"Alison Maunder, Nathalie Vermeulen, Amanda J Vincent, Nick Panay, Carolyn Ee","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2530441","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2530441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is associated with reduced quality of life and increased health risks. While hormone therapy (HT) is standard treatment, some women seek other options to treat its sequelae. This review explores the role of complementary therapies for POI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of four databases up to January 2024 identified randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and umbrella reviews that examined the use of complementary therapies by women with POI. Outcomes included menopausal symptoms, gonadotropins, antral follicle count, ovarian volume and quality of life. Study quality was evaluated using Cochrane Risk of Bias and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 1869 citations, with nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture may alleviate menopausal symptoms and regulate gonadotropins in women with POI, although evidence is very limited. There is insufficient evidence for other complementary therapies for POI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While Chinese herbal medicine may improve menopausal symptoms, there is insufficient evidence specific to POI. There is a clear need for additional and rigorous research on the efficacy and safety of complementary therapies for POI. Evidence does not support complementary medicines as replacements for HT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of bone mineral density and influencing factors in iatrogenic and idiopathic POI.","authors":"Zecheng Wang, Xiangyan Ruan, Lingling Jiang, Mingzhen Zhang, Yu Yang, Anming Liu, Jing Li, Muqing Gu, Yanqiu Li, Jiaojiao Cheng, Fengyu Jin, Juan Du, Alfred O Mueck","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2524170","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2524170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), compare BMD between iatrogenic POI and idiopathic POI patients, and investigate the factors affecting BMD in POI patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 88 iatrogenic POI patients, 45 idiopathic POI patients and 45 normal reproductive-age women, all of whom met the study criteria and were treated at the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from 1 January 2023 to 30 June 2024. Medical history was collected for all patients, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), biologically active testosterone (BioT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured. Height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. BMD of the lumbar spine and left femur was measured in POI patients. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the correlation between characteristics and BMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in iatrogenic POI patients than in idiopathic POI patients (40.9% vs. 20.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The femoral shaft BMD, greater trochanter BMD <i>t</i>-score, total femoral BMD and total femoral BMD <i>t</i>-score were significantly lower in iatrogenic POI patients compared to idiopathic POI patients (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that delay in diagnosis negatively affected the lumbar BMD <i>t</i>-score (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and the BMI and DHEAS positively affected the total femur BMD <i>t</i>-score in iatrogenic POI patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No significant correlations were found in idiopathic POI patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in POI patients is high, especially in iatrogenic POI patients, who experience more severe bone loss and a higher incidence of osteoporosis. BMI and a delay in diagnosis significantly affected BMD in iatrogenic POI patients. This, to our knowledge, is the first study showing that DHEAS positively affects BMD in iatrogenic POI patients, which, however, needs further studies for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance training and bone mineral density in rodent models of menopause: review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pedro Gustavo Machado, Juliana Cristina Dos Reis Canaan, Luciana Botelho Ribeiro, Adriana Pinto Bezerra, Thaís Marques Simek-Vega Gonçalves, Eric Francelino Andrade, Pedro Curi Hallal, Luciano José Pereira","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2530434","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2530434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decline in bone mineral density (BMD) is common among older adults, especially due to reduced sex hormone production in women (menopause). Understanding the impact of resistance training on bone tissue is essential for developing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of this condition. This study investigated the effects of resistance training on BMD in rodent models of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024549460). Inclusion criteria focused on ovariectomized (OVX) female rats and mice engaged in resistance training, with no restrictions on duration, frequency or intensity. A comprehensive search across six databases (and grey literature) identified 314 articles, of which 18 were selected. Resistance training, compared to control groups, significantly increased BMD, particularly in the femur and tibia. The included studies employed various training protocols, such as climbing, jumping and squatting, with variations in training duration and intensity. The meta-analysis demonstrated standardized mean differences of 3.02 (95% confidence interval 1.81-4.24) for climbing and 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.82) for jumping protocols, quantifying the extent of improvement in BMD - particularly in the femur and tibia - observed in OVX rodents subjected to resistance training, as compared to sedentary controls. These findings suggest that resistance training positively impacts bone remodeling and may help restore bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between depression and female sexual function in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Tevfik Yoldemir, Narmin Garibova","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2539850","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2539850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between depression and female sexual function among postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The study group was composed of 232 sexually active postmenopausal women. Serum testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, fasting glucose, insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were analyzed. Quantification of pelvic organ prolapse was performed for each patient. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were distributed and compared between postmenopausal and premenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean BDI score was 17.5 ± 9.8. Sexual dysfunction determined by the mean FSFI score was 64.2%. In total, 70.5% of the postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction had moderate to severe depression. There was a low negative correlation between age and duration after menopause and mean FSFI scores (<i>r</i> = -0.334 and <i>r</i> = -386, respectively). There was a negligible positive correlation between age and duration after menopause and mean BDI scores (<i>r</i> = 0.281 and <i>r</i> = 0.276, respectively). The satisfaction domain of the FSFI was significantly decreased with postmenopausal depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction had higher depression scores. Age and time after menopause were weakly associated with both FSFI and BDI scores in postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}