Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of a Trans-Activator of Transcription Peptide-Functionalized Collagen-Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Nanofiber Scaffold: Physicochemical Properties and Fibroblast Response.","authors":"Mehdi Sheikharabi, Javad Delkabadi, Ayyoob Khosravi, Ezatolah Kazeminejad","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70437","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds that mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture are promising for endodontic and craniofacial tissue engineering. This study aimed to fabricate a composite electrospun scaffold comprising poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), collagen, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and a TAT cell-penetrating peptide, and to evaluate its physicochemical properties and short-term cytocompatibility with fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Electrospun mats were prepared from PCL and PCL-collagen blends with or without incorporation of MTA and TAT peptide. Fiber morphology and diameter were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical structure was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Surface charge was determined by zeta potential measurement before and after TAT functionalization. Tensile properties of the PCL-collagen-MTA-TAT scaffold were evaluated using uniaxial testing. Cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts was assessed using the MTT assay after 24 and 48 h of culture on PCL, PCL-collagen, PCL-collagen-MTA, and PCL-collagen-MTA-TAT scaffolds. Additional physicochemical characterization included water contact angle and biodegradability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM revealed continuous, bead-free fibers forming a porous, interconnected network with submicron diameters in all groups. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the expected components in the composite scaffold. Zeta potential shifted from negative values in PCL-collagen-MTA scaffolds to positive values after TAT incorporation, indicating surface modification. The PCL-collagen-MTA-TAT scaffold exhibited tensile behavior compatible with handling. MTT results showed fibroblast viability exceeding 90% for all scaffold compositions at both time points relative to tissue culture plastic controls, with no evidence of cytotoxicity. Water contact angle and biodegradability suggested that incorporation of collagen, MTA, and TAT improved scaffold surface characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The electrospun PCL-collagen-MTA-TAT scaffold demonstrated ECM-like morphology, modified surface charge, acceptable handling properties, and short-term fibroblast compatibility. This composite nanofibrous system may serve as a preliminary platform for further investigation in bone and dental tissue engineering; however, additional functional and long-term biological studies are required to confirm its regenerative potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Case Series on the Effect of Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Combined With a Collagen Sponge in the Treatment of Alveolar Osteitis.","authors":"Danijel Domic, Peter Bauer, Nicola Ottenbacher, Kristina Bertl, Christian Ulm, Andreas Stavropoulos","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70388","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This case series reports on alveolar osteitis (AO) treatment outcomes after standard AO therapy combined with cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) and a collagen sponge.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Nine patients fulfilling the AO criteria after permanent tooth extraction were included. After standard AO treatment, that is, irrigation and curettage, a xHyA gel combined with an absorbable collagen sponge was applied into the socket and stabilized with a suture. Pain perception (visual analogue scale [VAS], pain killer consumption), soft tissue healing index (STHI), alveolar bone exposure, necessity of re-treatment, occurrence of complications, and patients' opinion were assessed up to 14 days post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients completed the 14-day follow-up, while one patient dropped out after 1 day due to persisting pain. Initial mean pain perception (VAS) was 7.5 (1.4), which decreased after a single treatment to 4.4 (2.2) within 6 h and by 50% (3.8 [2.4]) within 24 h. In 5 out of 8 patients, complete pain resolution was achieved after 14 days, while 3 patients still experienced moderate pain. Pain reduction was accompanied by an improvement of STHI, reaching 4.0 (0.8) within 14 days; complete coverage of exposed alveolar bone walls was already observed within 3 days in all 8 patients. Only one patient required re-treatment; 5 out of 8 patients expressed willingness to pay on top between 50 and 300€ for the material costs (xHyA+collagen sponge).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A single application of xHyA combined with a collagen sponge offered effective and fast pain relief combined with a favorable healing process in patients suffering from AO. Furthermore, the need for re-treatment was infrequent, and favorable patient feedback was observed. However, randomized controlled trials with a sufficient sample size and a control group are essential to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":"e70388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Adjunctive Platelet Concentrates in Combined Guided Tissue Regeneration and Bovine Bone Grafting for Intrabony Defects: A Systematic Review","authors":"Robert Chan,&nbsp;Hugo Lau,&nbsp;Michael Liao,&nbsp;Jiwoo Park,&nbsp;Aaron Ting,&nbsp;Yi Yang Xu,&nbsp;Tulio Fernandez-Medina","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70421","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70421","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have emerged as biologically active adjuncts in guided tissue regeneration (GTR), aiming to enhance the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects through the local release of growth factors. Despite growing interest, the clinical benefits of combining APCs with bovine-derived bone grafts (BBG) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects remain uncertain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of incorporating APCs alongside GTR and BBG in managing intrabony defects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included randomised control trials involving systemically healthy adults with periodontal intrabony defects &gt; 3 mm. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The initial search identified 214 articles, from which eight full-text studies were screened for eligibility. Five randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. One study reported potential clinical benefits with adjunctive APC use, while the remaining trials showed no statistically significant improvements. All included studies demonstrated concerns regarding risk of bias, primarily due to the absence of predefined protocols, and only one study provided trial outcomes beyond 12 months. Overall, the APC groups exhibited slightly greater mean gains in clinical attachment level (0.1–1.0 mm) and probing pocket depth reduction (0.1–0.8 mm) at 12 months compared with controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The adjunctive use of APCs with bovine-derived bone grafts and guided tissue regeneration did not result in statistically significant improvements in clinical attachment level gain or probing pocket depth reduction. Future studies with standardised methodologies, larger sample sizes, and extended follow-up durations are needed to clarify the long-term efficacy of APCs in periodontal regenerative therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Differentiation of Oral Red-White Lesions: An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach Combining Ensemble Architectures and Saliency Maps","authors":"Mahsa Koochaki,&nbsp;Amirreza Mousavie,&nbsp;Maryam Basirat,&nbsp;Amirreza Hendi,&nbsp;Hossein Sadr,&nbsp;Mojdeh Nazari","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70420","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70420","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs), including Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia, carry significant risks of malignant transformation. Early differentiation from confounding inflammatory conditions like Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and Candidiasis is critical yet challenging due to visual similarities. This study develops a robust, interpretable deep learning framework for automated multi-class classification of pre-localized oral lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A curated dataset of 705 high-resolution images across five categories (Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, OLP, Candidiasis, and Normal) was utilized. We proposed a Multi-Architecture Weighted Ensemble Framework integrating ResNet-50, Xception, and EfficientNet-B0. A stratified patient-level splitting strategy prevented data leakage. Model interpretability and clinical utility were assessed via Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ensemble model achieved 91.2% accuracy and a 90.8% macro-averaged F1-score, significantly outperforming individual baselines. The strategy improved OLP detection (F1-score: 0.83), effectively distinguishing it from Leukoplakia. Grad-CAM confirmed the model focuses on pathognomonic lesion features rather than confounding artifacts. DCA suggested a potential theoretical net clinical benefit over default strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This weighted ensemble framework demonstrates high retrospective accuracy and provides transparent visual explanations for the classification of pre-localized oral lesions. However, it must be interpreted strictly as a preliminary proof-of-concept investigation. While the current results suggest potential adjunctive value, extensive external validation, prospective testing, and clinician-in-the-loop studies are strictly necessary to validate its true clinical utility and impact on patient outcomes in primary care settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic Dental Injuries Among Young Orthodontic Patients in Public Dental Health Service: Patterns of Occurrence and Referral Routines","authors":"Dorina Sula Thelen,&nbsp;Ingrid Gramstad Skeie,&nbsp;Mahkameh Nicole Aria,&nbsp;Madeleine Misje Roman Beyene,&nbsp;Asgeir Bårdsen,&nbsp;Gerhard Sulo","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70404","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orthodontic treatment is performed between 6 and 20 years—a period in life carrying the highest risk for traumatic dental injuries. The presence of traumatic injuries leads to treatment modifications and may adversely impact orthodontic outcomes. Yet, the literature on the prevalence and characteristics of traumatic injuries among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment is sparse. This study aims to describe the burden and distributional patterns of traumatic injuries, and the quality of information provided by general dentists to specialists on them (i.e., referral practices) among children undergoing orthodontic treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included in the study 1529 participants (46.1% males, aged 7–18 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment in Western Norway, 2001–2018. Demographic, clinical, and other relevant information related to orthodontic treatment, as well as referral practices on traumatic injuries, were obtained from journals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 16.5% of participants experienced traumatic injuries. The prevalence did not change over time or across age categories but was higher among males (OR = 1.81; 95% CI:1.38–2.39). Traumatic injuries were mostly mild (85%), involved often (79.8%) ≤ two teeth, typically maxillary central incisors, and occurred mostly at school (40%). Out of 201 participants with TDIs before commencement of orthodontic treatment, only 9% of them had adequate information on trauma in their electronic journals. This proportion was, however, higher (48.4%) when trauma was moderate or severe. The severity of trauma was strongly associated with the quality of referral routines (17.4 and 83.5 times more likely to have adequate referral, for moderate and severe injuries, respectively, compared to mild injuries).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TDIs are common among patients receiving orthodontic treatment, with males being at higher risk. The severity of TDIs was strongly associated with referral routines, highlighting the need for improved referral practices to optimize information and subsequent treatment in this subgroup of patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Prognostic Genes Relevant With the Nuclear Factors of Activated T Cells Based on Transcriptomics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Julaiti Tuerxun,&nbsp;Ailimaierdan Ainiwaer,&nbsp;Tairan Ding","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70408","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70408","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It has previously been demonstrated that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is crucial for the development of tumors. Given OSCC's drug resistance and poor outcomes, identifying NFAT-associated prognostic genes is urgent for better treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The TCGA-OSCC and GSE41613 datasets were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Specifically, differentially expressed genes related to NFAT (DEG-NFATs) were further screened for NFAT scores in OSCC versus control. The intersection of DEGs and DEG-NFATs was taken to identify differentially expressed NFAT-related genes (DE-NFATRGs). Univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic genes. A risk score was developed based solely on the expression levels of the seven-gene signature. Subsequently, independent prognostic analyses incorporating clinicopathological variables were performed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression to evaluate whether the risk score served as an independent predictor of survival. Lastly, targeted therapeutic agents for OSCC were predicted. In addition, prognostic gene expression was validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Totally 4463 DEGs obtained were intersected with 310 DEG-NFATs to obtain 263 DE-NFATRGs. A risk model can be built using the seven prognostic genes associated with NFAT (ALB, PDK4, SERPINA5, SPINK6, SERPINA9, CGNL1 and IL17F). The risk score accurately predicts survival in OSCC patients. Finally, a total of 31 drugs with significant differences were predicted between risk groups. The most significant of these were AG.014699, Midostaurin, Gefitinib, and LFM.A13. Besides, the expression levels of ALB, PDK4, and SERPINA5 were significantly higher in tumors, while the expression levels of CGNL1 and IL17F were significantly lower in tumors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identification of new prognostic genes (ALB, PDK4, SERPINA5, SPINK6, SERPINA9, CGNL1, and IL17F) was provided for the prognosis and treatment of OSCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring hsa_circ_0100833 as a Potential Biomarker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Bioinformatics and Experimental Insights","authors":"Behnaz Raei,&nbsp;Yousef Seyedena,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hashemi,&nbsp;Nazanin Hosseinkhan,&nbsp;Mojgan Alaeddini","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70399","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with few reliable early diagnostic markers. Bioinformatic screening identified hsa_circ_0100833 as a differentially expressed circRNA in OSCC. Its potential significance in OSCC was then examined experimentally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differential circRNA expression was profiled using the GSE145608 dataset and Limma software. ROC curve analysis, circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction prediction, functional enrichment, and survival analysis were then used. Hsa_circ_0100833 expression was measured by qRT-PCR in 20 paired OSCC and adjacent normal tissues. This analysis was also performed in CAL-27 and FaDu cell lines (<i>n</i> = 3 each) and three normal human gingival fibroblast cultures. hsa-miR-607 and SORBS1 were quantified in parallel.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differential expression analysis of the GSE145608 dataset identified hsa_circ_0100833 as down-regulated in OSCC. Bioinformatic analysis then predicted a binding interaction between this circRNA and hsa-miR-607. Hsa_circ_0100833 was significantly reduced in OSCC tissues and cell lines relative to normal controls; hsa-miR-607 was up-regulated, and SORBS1 showed parallel downregulation. ROC analysis revealed AUC values of 0.799 in cell lines and 0.712 in tissue samples. The predicted ceRNA network was enriched for PI3K-Akt signaling and focal adhesion pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>hsa_circ_0100833 was down-regulated in OSCC and may act as a tumor suppressor through a hsa-miR-607/SORBS1-dependent mechanism. Its diagnostic potential warrants further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoimmunomodulatory Effects of Zirconia-Modified Titanium: Promoting Macrophage Activation and Osteoblast Mineralization at the Dental Implant Interface","authors":"Ottavia Cannatella,&nbsp;Biagio Matera,&nbsp;Francesca Rossi,&nbsp;Giovanni Passeri,&nbsp;Simone Lumetti,&nbsp;Ludovica Parisi,&nbsp;Benedetta Ghezzi","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70414","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70414","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Immune cells are the first to interact with implant surfaces, yet their contribution to osseointegration is often underestimated. Understanding how titanium-based and zirconia-enriched surface properties regulate macrophage polarization is essential for designing regenerative biomaterials. This study evaluates how these physicochemical characteristics modulate macrophage behavior and how macrophage-derived signals affect osteoblast mineralization, a key determinant of successful clinical outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Material and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Human monocytes were differentiated into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages on hydrophobic and hydrophilic titanium (P, SLA/modSLA) or zirconia-enriched titanium (R/modR) surfaces. Macrophage polarization was assessed by Real Time-PCR, fluorescent immunoassays, and Luminex analysis of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and bone-related markers. Conditioned media from M1/M2 macrophages cultured on each surface were used to culture human osteoblast-like cells, and their differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by gene expression analysis and Alizarin Red staining.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The obtained results indicate that surface chemical composition, rather than hydrophilicity, is the main driver of early macrophage phenotype modulation. Zirconia incorporation induced effects comparable to titanium on macrophage activation while increasing transcription of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. Moreover, zirconia enhanced M1 activation and the release of angiogenic and osteogenic mediators, including VEGF and OPN. Although seemingly contradictory, these effects contribute to an immune microenvironment favorable to bone formation by promoting a balanced macrophage response. Consistently, zirconia-enriched surfaces enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization, regardless of hydrophilic differences compared with conventional titanium surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our findings indicate that zirconia-supplemented titanium alloys may provide a useful model to elucidate the concept of osseointegration as an osteoimmune process rather than a conventional bone healing response. The data emphasize the critical role of early M1 macrophage activity controlling the release of specific cytokines, supporting the hypothesis that the use of titanium/zirconia alloys may provide an osteoiummunomodulatory advantage that may contrast peri-implant bone loss.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models for Traumatic Dental Injuries Across Web-Based and Mobile-Based Interfaces: Assessing Accuracy, Quality, and Temporal Consistency","authors":"Ezgi Can Cekic,&nbsp;Mertkan Kumru,&nbsp;Burcu Yilmaz,&nbsp;Berk Celikkol,&nbsp;Oğuz Tavsan","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70416","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are frequent in clinical practice and require rapid, guideline-based decisions, yet accessing accurate and reliable information may be challenging. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, and Qwen are increasingly used as quick online information tools; however, evidence regarding their accuracy, consistency, and the influence of different user interfaces is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of several LLMs in answering TDI-related questions through both web-based interfaces and mobile phone applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty questions were prepared according to the 2020 International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines, including 10 open-ended and 10 yes–no items. Four LLMs (ChatGPT-4o, DeepSeek-V3, Gemini 2.0 Flash, Qwen2.5-Max) were queried simultaneously via web and mobile interfaces over five consecutive days, generating 800 responses. Open-ended answers were assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), while yes–no responses were compared with a predetermined answer key. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS v23.0, with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qwen2.5-Max demonstrated comparatively higher GQS and mDISCERN scores across both interfaces. Accuracy for yes–no questions ranged from 86% to 91% without significant differences among models. Interface comparisons showed that ChatGPT-4o generated comparatively higher-quality responses on the web, whereas Qwen2.5-Max performed better on mobile. Over the 5-day period, Qwen2.5-Max showed relatively higher temporal consistency, while DeepSeek-V3 exhibited notable day-to-day variation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LLMs may serve as useful supplementary tools for providing guideline-based information on TDIs, especially for straightforward, closed-ended clinical questions. However, their performance varies by model, interface, and question type. Qwen2.5-Max demonstrated comparatively higher performance across several evaluated measures. Despite these results, LLM-generated information should be interpreted cautiously and verified by dental professionals before being used in clinical decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation, Hypoxia, and Periodontal Breakdown: The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Periodontitis; Results From a Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis","authors":"Fariba Esperouz,&nbsp;Mauro Lorusso,&nbsp;Giuseppina Raffaella Giannini,&nbsp;Sara Ruffino,&nbsp;Elena D'Angelo,&nbsp;Michele Tepedino,&nbsp;Giuseppe Burlon,&nbsp;Francesca Sfondrini,&nbsp;Lucio Lo Russo,&nbsp;Domenico Ciavarella","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70401","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cre2.70401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea and periodontitis and to quantify the magnitude of this relationship based on the available evidence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to November 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies investigating the association between OSA and periodontitis in human adults were included. Study quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, Spearman correlation coefficients were synthesized when available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-three studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 18 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. The pooled meta-analysis demonstrated that OSA was significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis (OR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.78–2.77), with moderate heterogeneity (<i>I</i>² = 57.4%). Furthermore, a random-effects meta-analysis of correlation coefficients revealed a moderate positive association between OSA and periodontal disease severity (<i>r</i> = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.17–0.58). These findings were consistent across different populations and diagnostic approaches, particularly in studies using polysomnography for OSA assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present meta-analysis provides evidence of a significant association between obstructive sleep apnea and periodontitis, with patients affected by OSA showing more than twice the risk of developing periodontal disease. Although causality cannot be established due to the observational nature of the included studies, shared inflammatory and microbiological pathways support a biologically plausible link. An interdisciplinary approach involving dental and sleep medicine professionals may be beneficial for early diagnosis and comprehensive management of both conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148497119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}