Evaluation of Facial Proportions, Landmarks Relationships With Facial and Dental Midlines, and Smile Framework

IF 2.2 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI:10.1002/cre2.70164

Zahra Bagheri, Vahid Mollabashi, Mohammad Mahdi Maleki, Behnaz Alafchi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

Facial features play a key role in determining human attractiveness. Facial beauty is characterized by harmonious proportions and symmetry, essential for successful aesthetic treatments in oral rehabilitation. This study examines relationships between oral and facial midlines and key anatomical landmarks, as well as evaluates the smile framework and dental/facial proportions.

Materials and Methods

A total of 637 males and females with an average age of 22.13 years (ranging from 18 to 40) were examined. Each individual had three digital images taken: a full-face photo at rest, a forced smile photo, and an intraoral photo. For each patient, three levels of aesthetic analysis, from macro to micro aesthetics, were conducted. Initially, transverse and vertical facial proportions and their relationships with the golden ratio were assessed. Next, the relationships between predetermined important facial landmarks and the oral and facial midlines were evaluated, and finally, the patient's smile framework was analyzed. Data analysis was performed via IBM SPSS Statistics (v24.0) and appropriate statistical tests.

Results

The studied population had a consonant smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, medium smile line with exposure up to the first molar, and square-shaped teeth. Order of landmarks relative to facial midline from left to right includes the following: nasion, nose tip, philtrum, mouth midline, and dental midline. Furthermore, five out of seven vertical facial proportions and all transverse facial proportions closely align with the divine ratio (1.618), with significant gender-specific differences.

Conclusion

Integration of these aesthetic standards are necessary to ensure satisfactory and predictable outcomes in treatments and can be used at macroesthetic, miniesthetic, and microesthetic levels by maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, and restorative specialists. According to impact of race, sex, and age on these factors, conducting similar studies in different populations is recommended to achieve more precise and aesthetically pleasing treatments tailored to each community.

Abstract Image

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评估面部比例，地标关系与面部和牙齿中线，和微笑框架

面部特征在决定人的吸引力方面起着关键作用。面部美以和谐的比例和对称为特征，这对于口腔康复中成功的美学治疗至关重要。本研究考察了口腔和面部中线与关键解剖标志之间的关系，并评估了微笑框架和牙齿/面部比例。材料与方法共检查男女637例，年龄18 ~ 40岁，平均22.13岁。每个人都有三张数码照片：一张休息时的全脸照片，一张强颜欢笑的照片和一张口腔内照片。对每位患者进行从宏观到微观三个层面的美学分析。首先，横向和纵向面部比例及其与黄金比例的关系进行了评估。接下来，评估预定的重要面部标志与口腔和面部中线之间的关系，最后分析患者的微笑框架。通过IBM SPSS Statistics （v24.0）和适当的统计检验进行数据分析。结果研究人群微笑弧度匀称，上唇弧度向上，微笑线中等，露出第一磨牙，牙齿呈方形。相对于面部中线的标志顺序从左到右依次为：鼻窦、鼻尖、中鼻、口中线、牙中线。此外，7个垂直面部比例中有5个和所有横向面部比例与神圣比例（1.618）非常接近，性别差异显著。结论综合这些审美标准是确保治疗结果满意和可预测的必要条件，可用于颌面外科医生、修复医师、正畸医师和修复专家的宏观、微观和微观审美水平。根据种族、性别和年龄对这些因素的影响，建议在不同的人群中进行类似的研究，以实现针对每个群体的更精确、更美观的治疗。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.