Zahra Bagheri, Vahid Mollabashi, Mohammad Mahdi Maleki, Behnaz Alafchi
{"title":"评估面部比例，地标关系与面部和牙齿中线，和微笑框架","authors":"Zahra Bagheri, Vahid Mollabashi, Mohammad Mahdi Maleki, Behnaz Alafchi","doi":"10.1002/cre2.70164","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objective</h3>\n \n <p>Facial features play a key role in determining human attractiveness. Facial beauty is characterized by harmonious proportions and symmetry, essential for successful aesthetic treatments in oral rehabilitation. This study examines relationships between oral and facial midlines and key anatomical landmarks, as well as evaluates the smile framework and dental/facial proportions.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 637 males and females with an average age of 22.13 years (ranging from 18 to 40) were examined. Each individual had three digital images taken: a full-face photo at rest, a forced smile photo, and an intraoral photo. For each patient, three levels of aesthetic analysis, from macro to micro aesthetics, were conducted. Initially, transverse and vertical facial proportions and their relationships with the golden ratio were assessed. Next, the relationships between predetermined important facial landmarks and the oral and facial midlines were evaluated, and finally, the patient's smile framework was analyzed. Data analysis was performed via IBM SPSS Statistics (v24.0) and appropriate statistical tests.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The studied population had a consonant smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, medium smile line with exposure up to the first molar, and square-shaped teeth. Order of landmarks relative to facial midline from left to right includes the following: nasion, nose tip, philtrum, mouth midline, and dental midline. Furthermore, five out of seven vertical facial proportions and all transverse facial proportions closely align with the divine ratio (1.618), with significant gender-specific differences.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Integration of these aesthetic standards are necessary to ensure satisfactory and predictable outcomes in treatments and can be used at macroesthetic, miniesthetic, and microesthetic levels by maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, and restorative specialists. According to impact of race, sex, and age on these factors, conducting similar studies in different populations is recommended to achieve more precise and aesthetically pleasing treatments tailored to each community.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10203,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Dental Research","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cre2.70164","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluation of Facial Proportions, Landmarks Relationships With Facial and Dental Midlines, and Smile Framework\",\"authors\":\"Zahra Bagheri, Vahid Mollabashi, Mohammad Mahdi Maleki, Behnaz Alafchi\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/cre2.70164\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Objective</h3>\\n \\n <p>Facial features play a key role in determining human attractiveness. Facial beauty is characterized by harmonious proportions and symmetry, essential for successful aesthetic treatments in oral rehabilitation. This study examines relationships between oral and facial midlines and key anatomical landmarks, as well as evaluates the smile framework and dental/facial proportions.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>A total of 637 males and females with an average age of 22.13 years (ranging from 18 to 40) were examined. Each individual had three digital images taken: a full-face photo at rest, a forced smile photo, and an intraoral photo. For each patient, three levels of aesthetic analysis, from macro to micro aesthetics, were conducted. Initially, transverse and vertical facial proportions and their relationships with the golden ratio were assessed. Next, the relationships between predetermined important facial landmarks and the oral and facial midlines were evaluated, and finally, the patient's smile framework was analyzed. Data analysis was performed via IBM SPSS Statistics (v24.0) and appropriate statistical tests.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>The studied population had a consonant smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, medium smile line with exposure up to the first molar, and square-shaped teeth. Order of landmarks relative to facial midline from left to right includes the following: nasion, nose tip, philtrum, mouth midline, and dental midline. Furthermore, five out of seven vertical facial proportions and all transverse facial proportions closely align with the divine ratio (1.618), with significant gender-specific differences.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>Integration of these aesthetic standards are necessary to ensure satisfactory and predictable outcomes in treatments and can be used at macroesthetic, miniesthetic, and microesthetic levels by maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, and restorative specialists. 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Evaluation of Facial Proportions, Landmarks Relationships With Facial and Dental Midlines, and Smile Framework
Objective
Facial features play a key role in determining human attractiveness. Facial beauty is characterized by harmonious proportions and symmetry, essential for successful aesthetic treatments in oral rehabilitation. This study examines relationships between oral and facial midlines and key anatomical landmarks, as well as evaluates the smile framework and dental/facial proportions.
Materials and Methods
A total of 637 males and females with an average age of 22.13 years (ranging from 18 to 40) were examined. Each individual had three digital images taken: a full-face photo at rest, a forced smile photo, and an intraoral photo. For each patient, three levels of aesthetic analysis, from macro to micro aesthetics, were conducted. Initially, transverse and vertical facial proportions and their relationships with the golden ratio were assessed. Next, the relationships between predetermined important facial landmarks and the oral and facial midlines were evaluated, and finally, the patient's smile framework was analyzed. Data analysis was performed via IBM SPSS Statistics (v24.0) and appropriate statistical tests.
Results
The studied population had a consonant smile arc, upward upper lip curvature, medium smile line with exposure up to the first molar, and square-shaped teeth. Order of landmarks relative to facial midline from left to right includes the following: nasion, nose tip, philtrum, mouth midline, and dental midline. Furthermore, five out of seven vertical facial proportions and all transverse facial proportions closely align with the divine ratio (1.618), with significant gender-specific differences.
Conclusion
Integration of these aesthetic standards are necessary to ensure satisfactory and predictable outcomes in treatments and can be used at macroesthetic, miniesthetic, and microesthetic levels by maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, and restorative specialists. According to impact of race, sex, and age on these factors, conducting similar studies in different populations is recommended to achieve more precise and aesthetically pleasing treatments tailored to each community.
期刊介绍：
Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.
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