Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO最新文献

{"title":"Delayed-Onset Glaucoma Following Intravitreal Bevacizumab in a Preterm Infant with Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Case Report.","authors":"Hyo Ju Jang, Mi Sun Sung, Sang Woo Park, Hwan Heo","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0002","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Pterygium on the Refractive Errors: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nima Rastegar Rad","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0003","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pterygium is a chronic, degenerative condition of unknown cause, and its development can lead to significant refractive errors due to localized flattening of the cornea near the central area of the leading edge. However, to date, the impact of pterygium and its surgical removal on refractive errors has not been thoroughly compiled in a comprehensive study. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of pterygium surgery on refractive errors and to examine the relationship between the size of the pterygium and its effect on refractive errors both before and after pterygium surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cochrane methodology was used to design and conduct the present systematic review. Relevant articles published up to December 2024 were searched and collected from four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search was conducted to locate relevant studies. The keywords used in the search included \"pterygium\" combined with terms such as \"refractive errors,\" \"myopia,\" \"hyperopia,\" \"astigmatism,\" and \"presbyopia.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 23 studies including 1,663 eyes were included in this review. In the majority of studies, more than one technique was used, with conjunctival autograft being the most common technique for pterygium treatment. In most reviewed studies, a significant improvement in visual acuity, keratometry values-both horizontal keratometry (K1) and vertical keratometry (K2)-corneal astigmatism, corneal spherical power, surface regularity index, and surface asymmetry index, as well as a decrease in corneal astigmatism, spherical error, and wavefront aberration, were reported after pterygium excision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pterygium surgery can be effective in reducing refractive errors, including astigmatism, wavefront aberration, and spherical aberration, in various ways. However, this also depends on the size of the pterygium. The findings of this study suggest that early removal of pterygia reduces the likelihood of significant residual aberrations. Pterygia between 3 and 4 mm in size pose a notable risk for residual aberrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"269-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Tonometry Methods in Keratoconic Eyes Following Intracorneal Ring Segments Implantation: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Siamak Zarei-Ghanavati, Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei, Samaneh Gholamhoseinpour-Omran, Hamed Hosseinikhah-Manshadi, Saeed Banan, Mehdi Aminizade, Kosar Esmaili, Ebrahim Azaripour","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0016","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) readings from corneas with intracorneal corneal ring segments (ICRS) using various methods, including Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), Tonopen, corneal-compensated IOP from the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), and biomechanically corrected IOP from the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included participants who had undergone ICRS implantation with KeraRing at least 3 months before the study. The mean IOP recorded by different instruments was compared using analysis of variance. Agreement among the methods was assessed with Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 eyes from 27 participants were enrolled. The mean IOP measured by Tonopen was significantly lower in the center compared to the peripheral quadrants (p < 0.001). IOP measured by GAT was significantly lower than that measured by Tonopen (13.02 ± 2.31 mmHg vs. 14.50 ± 2.91 mmHg, p = 0.021). There were no significant differences between the IOP measurements provided by Tonopen, ORA, and Corvis ST. The corneal-compensated IOP from ORA and biomechanically corrected IOP from Corvis ST had the highest correlation, with a weak intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.38.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IOP measurements using Tonopen were significantly lower in the central 5-mm zone compared to other quadrants. GAT measurements were significantly lower than those from Tonopen. Different measurement tools did not show a strong correlation. Corvis ST (biomechanically corrected IOP) tended to present lower readings at higher IOP levels in eyes with ICRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Glaucoma.","authors":"Jisoo Kang, Ji Hong Kim, Yu Jeong Kim, Han Woong Lim, Jooyoung Yoon, Won June Lee","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0018","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and glaucoma by analyzing the associations between anthropometric and ocular parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 494 eyes from 247 patients were reviewed from a general health examination database at a tertiary hospital. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance device. Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinal thickness and other ocular parameters were analyzed for their association with body composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 221 eyes from 221 patients, including 104 with glaucoma, were enrolled in the final analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with glaucomatous damage than in those without (p = 0.025). Higher IOP showed significant associations with lower MOPP (p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.001), and higher waist to hip ratio (p = 0.001). Retinal thickness was not significantly associated with body composition parameters, including BMI and appendicular lean mass adjusted with squared height. Higher MOPP was significantly correlated with lower IOP (p < 0.001), higher BMI (p < 0.001), higher waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001), and higher appendicular lean mass divided by squared height (p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skeletal muscle mass and BMI were significantly associated with MOPP. Since low MOPP is a known risk factor for glaucoma, its association with skeletal muscle mass may indicate a relationship between systemic muscle health, ocular blood perfusion, and glaucomatous damage. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these associations between skeletal muscle mass and glaucoma and explore their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"246-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudoexfoliative Deposits on an Implantable Collamer Lens: A Case Report.","authors":"Young Hoon Hwang","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0013","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"303-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 50-Hz Filters on Pattern Electroretinogram.","authors":"Dong Hee Ha, Nam Ju Moon, Ungsoo Samuel Kim","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is used to evaluate the function of retinal ganglion cells. However, the amplitude of PERG is quite small, making the examination challenging to perform. Waveform noise may be minimized by applying various filters. We aimed to investigate the effect of 50-Hz filters on PERG test results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is the retrospective observational study. PERG tests were performed using the RETI-scan system according to the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision guidelines. Three types of 50-Hz filters (soft, middle, and hard) were applied. The differences in parameters (N35 peak time, P50 peak time, N95 peak time, P50 amplitude, N95 amplitude, and N95 to P50 ratio) were analyzed. Based on the provided normal range, the changes from normal to abnormal range or vice versa were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 waveforms were analyzed. After filtering, the P50 and N95 amplitudes showed a significant reduction of 8% to 15% (P50 amplitude: 5.1 ± 2.7 μV without filter, 4.6 ± 2.3 μV with 50-Hz soft filter, 4.3 ± 2.1 μV with 50-Hz middle filter, 4.3 ± 2.1 μV with 50-Hz hard filter; N95 amplitude: 7.2 ± 4.2 μV without filter, 6.6 ± 3.8 μV with 50-Hz soft filter, 6.3 ± 3.6 μV with 50-Hz middle filter, 6.1 ± 3.6 μV with 50-Hz hard filter). This pattern was more prominent in normal subjects. All latencies except the N35 peak time exhibited no differences between the tests. The N95 to P50 ratio decreased after 50-Hz middle and hard filtering. Considering the normative data, switching between normal and abnormal results was rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although peak time was not significantly affected, amplitude was significantly reduced after using 50-Hz filters. Thus, 50-Hz filters can smoothen the waveform. Nevertheless, caution must be exercised while taking readings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"241-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Visual Outcomes of Cat Scratch Disease.","authors":"Jane Shi, Muhammad Raza Cheema","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0129","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, ocular complications, treatment, and visual outcomes in a series of 17 patients from New Zealand with neuroretinitis secondary to Bartonella henselae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional single-center study from 2001 to 2024. Data was extracted from a clinical database of all patients treated for B. henselae over the past 23 years. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 26.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen patients (19 eyes) were included with 11 (65%) being female. The mean age at presentation was 28.3 ± 12.3 years (range, 13-60 years). The mean presenting visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study testing) was 50 ± 23 (range, 4-90). The mean final visual acuity was 78 ± 12 (range, 45-90). Eleven patients (65%) had cats or kittens at home, with only one (6%) recounting a history of being scratched. Eight patients (47%) demonstrated the characteristic macular star at presentation, with all eventually developing macular star within a mean of 6 days. Four patients (24%) had macular oedema, three (18%) had vasculitis, two (12%) had uveitis, two (12%) had disc granuloma, and one (6%) had multifocal chorioretinitis. Six patients (35%) were treated with rifampicin and doxycycline, one (6%) with rifampicin and azithromycin, two (12%) with doxycycline only, two (12%) with co-trimoxazole monotherapy, and one patient (6%), who was breast-feeding, was treated with erythromycin. Four patients (24%) did not have receive any treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The characteristic macular star is not always manifest at initial presentation for patients with neuroretinitis secondary to B. henselae, nor is there always a preceding history of cat exposure. Not all patients require treatment to have a good visual outcome, and the immune status of the patient is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"205-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Visual Prognostic Biomarkers in Pericentral Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Study in a South Korean Cohort.","authors":"Su Ho Bae, Seung Woo Choi, Chang Ki Yoon, Un Chul Park, Kyu Hyung Park, Eun Kyoung Lee","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0097","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics of South Korean patients with pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and to identify clinical biomarkers associated with rapid visual acuity decline based on baseline factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 31 patients diagnosed with pericentral RP. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations and genetic sequencing were conducted to assess the baseline characteristics. For biomarker analysis, eyes were categorized into two groups based on the annual rate of change in visual acuity. The clinical findings of the two groups were evaluated to identify the biomarkers associated with rapid loss of visual acuity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with pericentral RP in this study exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity of 0.17 ± 0.23 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The visual field test showed annular or semicircular scotoma with relatively preserved periphery and 27 eyes (45.8%) exhibited no macular complications in optical coherence tomography. Genetic analysis identified genes associated with previous typical and pericentral RP studies but also highlighted that many genetic causes of pericentral RP remain unidentified. Of the 55 eyes for which the rate of visual acuity change could be estimated, 18 exhibited an annual decline of ≥10%, whereas 37 showed an annual decline of &lt;10%. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram correlated with rapid visual acuity decline in the multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>South Korean patients with pericentral RP exhibited a milder phenotype compared to typical RP patients reported in previous studies. Genetic analysis revealed heterogeneity, with mutations in some genes commonly associated with milder forms of RP. Male sex and prolonged b-wave latency on dark-adapted 0.01 electroretinogram were significant biomarkers for predicting rapid visual acuity decline. Monitoring initial b-wave latency is important for predicting visual decline, particularly in male patients with pericentral RP.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"157-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Outcome and Related Risk Factors in Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation of High Myopia.","authors":"Yong Hee Kim, Chang Ho Yoon, Mee Kum Kim","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0094","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of posterior chamber implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in high myopia, and the risk factors associated with endothelial cell loss (ECL) or cataract development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 66 eyes of 37 patients who underwent ICL implantation for high myopia were retrospectively analyzed with a mean follow-up of 12 years. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive power, and endothelial cell density over time were analyzed with the incidence of cataract and IOP elevation. Risk factors were analyzed for their association with ECL or cataract development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 10 years after surgery, the mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.06 and the spherical equivalent was -0.90 diopters. By year 10, cataract was present in 13 of 66 eyes (19.7%), whereas glaucoma was found in 1 of 66 eyes (1.5%). Although IOP continuously elevated over time (p &lt; 0.05), it remained within normal limits. The cataract group had a lower vault of ICL and a higher mean age at surgery (p &lt; 0.05). Endothelial cell density remained above 2,000/mm2 in 98.5% of cases, with an average annualized rate of decline of 1.13%. The high annualized rate group (&gt;1.13% loss per year) had a lower mean age than in the low annualized rate group (&lt;1.13% loss per year, p &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This indicates that ICL implantation is effective for high myopia, and its main complication is cataract and ECL. It also suggests that ECL and cataract should be regularly monitored although ECL looks stable in long-term follow-up. Age may affect both ECL and cataract, while low-vault ICL may affect cataract.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Effects and Prognostic Factors of Accelerated Cross-Linking with Retention Ring-assisted Riboflavin Application on Keratoconus Progression.","authors":"Seonghwan Kim, Won Jong Choi, Chang Ho Yoon, Mee Kum Kim","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of pulsed-light accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (A-CXL) with continuous riboflavin application to halt keratoconus progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A-CXL with retention ring-assisted continuous riboflavin application for either 10 or 5 minutes was performed in 37 eyes of 33 patients with progressive keratoconus between 2016 and 2020. Successful halting rates and prognostic factors of time-dependent changes in keratometric values, visual acuity, refractive errors, topographic indices, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, irregularity at 3- and 5-mm zone, and endothelial cell density were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survival analysis showed successful halting rates of 71% and 89% in A-CXL with 5- and 10-minute-applied riboflavin, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved after A-CXL in both groups. Maximum keratometry decreased significantly from 52.52 to 50.39 diopters (p &lt; 0.001) in the 10-minute group, while there was no significant decrease in the 5-minute group (52.77-51.80 diopters, p = 0.146). irregularity in 3- and 5-mm zone decreased significantly in the 10-minute group, while there was no difference in 5-minute group. Central corneal thickness and thinnest corneal thickness did not differ, and endothelial cell density changes were within acceptable ranges in both groups before and after the surgery. Among keratometric values, keratometric astigmatism was significantly related to posttreatment corneal flattening effect in multivariate regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A-CXL with continuous riboflavin application for 10 minutes is an effective and safe treatment for preventing keratoconus progression. In addition, higher corneal astigmatism showed greater posttreatment corneal flattening effect in successfully treated patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"145-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}