Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO最新文献

{"title":"Unilateral Visual Disturbance Due to Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Sang Hyuk Yim, Daniel Sungchul Choi, Kang Hyun Kim, Chan Yun Kim, Wungrak Choi","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0038","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"376-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Flexible Electrode for Electrical Stimulation of Rabbit Extraocular Muscle.","authors":"Hee Kyung Yang, Lee-Woon Jang, Dong Hyun Kim, Jung-Hyun Lee, Jungsuk Kim, Gheeyoung Choe, Jae-Young Lim, Jeong-Min Hwang","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0067","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To develop a flexible electrode for electrical stimulation of extraocular muscles and to evaluate the safety of applying direct electrical stimulation to muscles and its potential effects on ocular tissues in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A flexible electrode was fabricated using a conventional photolithography process. This electrode comprised a 300-nm-thick platinum layer embedded within a 30-μm-thick polyimide cable. In an in vivo study, five rabbits underwent electrical stimulation of the right superior and inferior rectus muscles. Stimulation consisted of electrical pulses (1 pulse per second, 2.0 mA for 0.1 milliseconds) applied for 5 minutes to the right superior rectus muscle, followed by 5 minutes to the right inferior rectus muscle. This regimen was performed three times a week for 4 weeks. Subsequent histological examination was conducted on the conjunctiva, extraocular muscles, sclera, and retina.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Direct electrical stimulation of extraocular muscle using a flexible electrode could successfully elicit eye movement in rabbits. Histologic examination demonstrated no evidence of detrimental effects of the electrical stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Direct electrical stimulation of extraocular muscles using a flexible electrode could safely elicit eye movement without any ocular damage in rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"305-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular Edema in Diabetic Neovascular Glaucoma and Its Association with Systemic Diseases.","authors":"Kyumin Kang, Kyung Tae Kang, Yu Cheol Kim","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0122","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed the development of macular edema (ME) and its association with systemic diseases in patients with diabetic neovascular glaucoma (NVG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of 40 patients (45 eyes) diagnosed with diabetic NVG, between January 2017 and April 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. At the time of NVG diagnosis, central retinal thickness (CRT) was measured using optical coherence tomography. The eyes were categorized into groups with ME (CRT ≥300 μm) and without ME. Systemic diseases, ocular parameters, and prior treatments such as panretinal photocoagulation and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 6 of the 45 eyes (13.3%) had ME at the time of NVG diagnosis. No significant differences were observed between the ME and non-ME groups in terms of systemic diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, and chronic kidney disease. Other clinical characteristics, such as age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, lens status, and history of ocular treatment, were also comparable between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with diabetic NVG, ME was observed in a minority of cases and showed no significant association with systemic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"330-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus of Expert Recommendations for the Safe Administration of Brolucizumab in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Jae Ryong Song, Kyu Hyung Park, Se Woong Kang, Hee Seung Chin, Seung Young Yu, Young-Hoon Park, Yu Cheol Kim, Ji Eun Lee, Sun Taek Lim, June-Gone Kim, Chang Ryong Kim, Min Sagong, Hyun Sub Oh, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Se Joon Woo","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0010","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brolucizumab offers improved anatomical outcomes and extended dosing intervals compared to aflibercept, reducing treatment burden. However, postmarketing surveillance and real-world studies have highlighted safety concerns, including intraocular inflammation (IOI), retinal vasculitis, and retinal vascular occlusion, necessitating risk management strategies. To address these concerns, a comprehensive review of clinical trials, real-world data, and safety reports were conducted by an expert panel. This consensus report offers practical, evidence-based recommendations to ensure the safe administration of brolucizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The safety management of brolucizumab in patients with nAMD starts with selecting suitable patient profiles through thorough risk assessments. Educating patients about the risk of inflammation and its symptoms is important, as prompt recognition and early medical attention may help improve outcomes. Close monitoring with frequent follow-ups and the use of widefield fundus imaging or peripheral fundus examination are also necessary for early detection and management of complications. Effective management of IOI includes considering discontinuation of brolucizumab, alternative anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies, and corticosteroid treatments based on anatomical location and severity of IOI. Differentiating noninfectious IOI from infectious endophthalmitis is essential to ensure appropriate intervention and safeguard vision. In conclusion, this consensus recommendations emphasized the importance of the evidence-based and patient-centered stepwise approaches that should be considered when prescribing brolucizumab to patients with nAMD. This is not an absolute guideline, and the management should be adapted according to the ophthalmic conditions and the patients' opinions after thorough discussions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":"39 4","pages":"362-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern Visual Evoked Potential in Adult Amblyopia Referred to the Central Draft Physical Examination Office of the Military Manpower Administration in South Korea.","authors":"Shin-Myeong Choi","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0149","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate visual evoked potential (VEP) as a diagnostic tool for amblyopia and determine threshold values for conscription grading.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between February 2023 and April 2024, 148 men (mean age, 21.68 ± 3.22 years; range, 19-25 years) who underwent conscription examination were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into three groups based on their best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the eye with poorer vision using Snellen chart criteria: mild amblyopia (active duty [group A], BCVA >0.6), Moderate amblyopia (supplementary service [group B], 0.1< BCVA ≤0.6), or severe amblyopia (wartime labor [group C], BCVA ≤0.1). The primary outcome measures were VEP parameters selected to objectively classify amblyopia severity (groups A-C) and determine diagnostic thresholds relevant to military service grading. These included P100 amplitude, P100 latency, interocular amplitude difference ratio (IADR), interocular latency difference ratio (ILDR), as well as the ratios of P100 amplitude and latency between the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With increasing amblyopia severity, P100 amplitude decreased (group A, 9.86 ± 2.87 μV; group B, 6.52 ± 1.96 μV; group C, 4.56 ± 2.00 μV), while P100 latency increased (group A, 114.79 ± 4.81 msec; group B, 117.67 ± 6.20 msec; group C, 122.35 ± 11.84 msec). Significant differences in P100 amplitude were observed among all three groups (p < 0.001). P100 latency showed a statistically significant difference between group C and the other groups (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that P100 amplitude (5.5 μV), IADR (0.4), and P100 amplitude ratio (0.6) effectively distinguished group A from groups B and C (area under the curve >0.8), while ILDR (0.08) differentiated group B from group C (area under the curve, 0.751).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VEP measures, including P100 amplitude, IADR, and ILDR, show potential for amblyopia diagnosis and differentiation of conscription grades.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":"39 4","pages":"345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of Topical 0.125% Atropine in South Korean Myopic Children: A Real-World Experience.","authors":"Dae Hee Kim, Jinu Han, Kyung-Ah Park, Hee Kyung Yang, Ungsoo Samuel Kim, Seung-Hyun Kim, Hae Jung Paik","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0039","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of 0.125% atropine eye drops in controlling myopia progression by analyzing 1-year follow-up data through a multicenter retrospective study in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted across five centers, including 121 myopic children (aged 4-11 years) treated with 0.125% atropine between January 2021 and December 2023. An equal number of age-, sex-, axial length (AL)-, and spherical equivalent (SE)-matched untreated individuals (control group) were included. Baseline and follow-up data at 6 and 12 months included visual acuity, autorefraction, AL measurement (IOLMaster 700), and fundus examination. The primary outcome measures were changes in SE and AL compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, SE, and AL in the treatment group at baseline were 7.5 ± 1.5 years (range, 4 to 11), -3.07 ± 1.65 diopters (D; range, -0.25 to -5.88 D), and 24.39 ± 0.85 mm (range, 22.19 to 26.94 mm), respectively, and these parameters showed no statistical differences compared to the matched controls. SE after 1-year treatment was less myopic in the treatment group (-3.42 ± 1.72 D vs. -3.94 ± 1.92 D, p = 0.019). Similarly, AL was significantly shorter in treatment group compared to the control group (24.65 ± 0.88 mm vs. 24.88 ± 0.80 mm, p = 0.031). The SE change from baseline was -0.33 ± 0.73 D in the treatment group versus -0.91 ± 1.01 D in the control group (p < 0.001). AL increased by 0.25 ± 0.32 mm in the treatment group, significantly less than 0.49 ± 0.24 mm increase in the control group (p < 0.001). Baseline AL and mean keratometry showed no correlation with AL progression (all p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of 0.125% atropine eye drops significantly reduced myopia progression, with approximately 50% reduction in AL elongation compared to controls. Given its effectiveness and variable compliance, 0.125% atropine eye drops may serve as a viable alternative to low-dose atropine for myopia control.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"323-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12358724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinjection in Patients with Intraocular Inflammation Development after Intravitreal Brolucizumab Injection.","authors":"Myung Ae Kim, Soon Il Choi, Jong Min Kim, Hyun Sub Oh, Yong Sung You, Won Ki Lee, Soon Hyun Kim, Oh Woong Kwon, Ju Young Kim","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0125","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the outcomes of brolucizumab reinjection after intraocular inflammation (IOI) development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed patients with brolucizumab injections from April 2021 to January 2024. Patients who developed IOI after brolucizumab were included and categorized into subgroups depending on reinjection, discontinuation, and further IOI development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 472 eyes of 432 patients received brolucizumab injections. Thirty-eight cases developed IOI at least once, and 25 continued brolucizumab. Sixteen cases had no more IOI events, and nine experienced a second or more IOI events. Among the nine cases, three maintained brolucizumab injections despite IOI recurrence. The incidence of IOI was 8.1% based on the number of eyes (38 of 472 eyes) and 2.0% based on the number of brolucizumab injections (50 of 2,468 injections). The incidence of occlusive retinal vasculitis was 0.2% (1 of 472 eyes). The recurrence rate was 23.7% (9 of 38 eyes). The average number of injections between the first brolucizumab injection and the injection date on which IOI first developed was 2.15 times in the no-reinjection group, 3.44 times in the no-IOI-recurrence group, and 2.0 times in the second-IOI-episode group. Time to IOI occurrence in cases with first IOI episode was 18.60 ± 16.73 days, with 15 cases developing IOI within 1 week.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates the real-world incidence of brolucizumab associated IOIs, with a description of information related to reinjections after the IOI episodes. A comprehensive understanding of brolucizumab reinjection is essential for its optimal utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management Practice for Hordeolum and Chalazion: A Survey of the Korean Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (KSOPRS) Members.","authors":"Hyun Jin Shin, Jin Sook Yoon, Hokyung Choung, Helen Lew","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0024","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the current management pattern for hordeolum and chalazion among members of the Korean Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (KSOPRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous web-based survey was emailed to 260 current members of the KSOPRS. The survey comprised five sections: differential diagnosis, treatment strategies for hordeolum, treatment strategies for chalazion, postsurgical care, and pediatric-specific approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty KSOPRS members participated in this study (response rate, 30.8%). Redness, swelling, and pain were the most important factors for differentiating hordeolum from chalazion. For hordeolum, topical antibiotics are preferred by 59 respondents (73.8%), with 49 (83.7%) considering them effective. Most (62 respondents, 77.6%) pursue nonsurgical treatment for 5 to 14 days before considering incision and curettage. For chalazion, treatment practices are split between conservative management and invasive methods. Intralesional steroid injections are recommended by 55 respondents (68.8%), with a preference for diluted triamcinolone acetonide. Relative to hordeolum, chalazion treatment involves less frequent antibiotic use, with only 21 respondents (26.3%) always recommending antibiotic ointments. Tissue biopsy is considered for abnormal changes in the surrounding tissues (72 respondents, 90.0%) and frequent recurrence (46 respondents, 57.5%). The practices differ between pediatric and adult cases among 38 respondents (47.5%), with 31 (81.4%) extending conservative management and delaying surgical interventions in pediatric cases. Anesthesia preferences for pediatric cases varied, with 40 respondents (50.0%) favoring local anesthesia, 19 (23.8%) opting for monitored anesthesia care, and 13 (16.2%) choosing general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This survey of the management of hordeolum and chalazion by KSOPRS members has revealed several interesting common practices that are considered valuable by current practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"222-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Sutureless Amnion Membrane Transplantation for Corneal Epithelialization in Delayed Corneal Healing: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Michelle Eva Rebeca Natalia, Made Susiyanti","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0004","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2025.0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for promoting corneal epithelialization in delayed corneal healing disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published from January 2003 to December 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies that focused on delayed corneal healing (including persistent epithelial defect, dry eye disease, corneal ulcer, chemical injury, recalcitrant keratitis, or others), observed corneal re-epithelialization as the outcome, with the use of sutureless AM graft. Studies that reported sutureless AM combined with cyanoacrylate or fibrin glue were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common technique for sutureless AM on the cornea was self-retained cryopreserved AMT. The result of sutureless AMT in various delayed corneal healing disorders showed complete corneal epithelialization occurred in most patients (64.4%) which ranged from 3 to 43 days. There was a low rate of adverse events (pain, 2.9%; displaced AM or lost ring, 1.7%) and complications (sterile infiltrate, 1.8%; corneal perforation, 0.6%; ring trauma, 0.4%; central corneal scarring, 0.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sutureless AMT promotes complete corneal epithelialization. It is easier for multiple application, more comfortable, and has a lower risk of suture-related complications. Overall, sutureless AMT is effective and safe for a variety of corneal delayed healing disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"288-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neopterin Levels and Immune Response in Autoimmune Uveitis in an Experiment.","authors":"Nadiia Kuryltsiv","doi":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"10.3341/kjo.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study and compare the immune response and neopterin levels in the blood in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A model of EAU was created in 30 Chinchilla rabbits. Intravenous and intravitreal injections of normal horse serum were administered for this purpose. Clinical examinations and blood tests were conducted on days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21. The blood investigation included the determination of neopterin (NP) level, white blood cell counts, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The peak in white blood cell count was observed on days 7 and 10 (6.4 ± 0.4 g/L and 6.0 ± 0.3 g/L, respectively), lymphocytes on day 3 (68.3% ± 2.4%, 3.0 ± 0.2 g/L), CD3+ on day 7 (64.9% ± 3.1%, 2,032.5 ± 91.2 cells/µL), CD4+ and CD16+ on day 10 (54.6% ± 3.8%, 2,462.3 ± 60.7 cells/µL and 21.8% ± 1.8%, 691.2 ± 37.1 cells/µL, respectively). All these values did not return to the initial ones. There was a gradual decrease in the CD8+ count from day 3 (12.5% ± 1.1%, 142.8 ± 9.1 cells/µL) with a subsequent gradual return towards normal levels by day 21. NP levels incresed on day 3 (5.2 ± 0.7 nmol/L), sustained on day 7 (5.2 ± 0.8 nmol/L), and started to decrease from day 10 (4.25 ± 1.7 nmol/L) to 2.3 ± 0.5 nmol/L on day 21. The highest correlation was observed between clinical manifestations and NP with a correlation coeffient of 0.799 (95% confidence interval, 0.719-0.858), which was significantly stronger (p < 0.05) than the correlations with other immune response markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the modeling of EAU, there is an active immune response and a rapid reaction of NP on inflammation. NP is a significantly more sensitive marker of intraocular inflammation than the immune response. It can serve as a predictor of the onset and development of EAU.</p>","PeriodicalId":101356,"journal":{"name":"Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO","volume":" ","pages":"258-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}