Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Inflammation and weight change related to neurocognitive and functional impairment in diabetes and psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Joan Vicent Sánchez-Ortí, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez, Patricia Correa-Ghisays, Gabriel Selva-Vera, Joan Vila-Francés, Rafael Magdalena-Benedito, Constanza San-Martin, Víctor M Victor, Irene Escribano-Lopez, Antonio Hernandez-Mijares, Juliana Vivas-Lalinde, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is a global pandemic associated with various cardio-metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive and functional deficits have been associated with several somatic and psychiatric disorders. Adiposity-related inflammation has recently emerged as a key risk factor for neurocognitive and functional impairments. This prospective transdiagnostic study aimed to investigate the role of adiposity-related inflammatory markers in neurocognitive and functional outcomes associated with weight changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and neurocognitive and functional performance were assessed twice over 1 year in 165 individuals, including 30 with schizophrenia, 42 with bipolar disorder, 35 with major depressive disorder, 30 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 28 healthy controls. Participants were stratified by body mass index into categories of type 2 obesity (T2OB; n=30), type 1 obesity (T1OB; n=42), overweight (OW; n=53), and average weight (NW; n=40). Mixed one-way analysis of covariance and linear and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with NW, T2OB and T1OB were significantly associated with impaired neurocognitive and functional performance (p<0.01; η²p=0.06-0.12) and higher levels of C-reactive protein and platelets (PLT) (p<0.01; η²p=0.08-0.16), with small-to-moderate effect sizes. IL-6, IL-10, and PLT were key factors for detecting significant weight changes in T1OB and T2OB over time. Regression models revealed that inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and cellular adhesion molecules were significantly associated with neurocognitive and functional performance (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Obesity is characterized by neurocognitive and functional impairments alongside low-grade systemic inflammation. Adiposity-related inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to neurocognitive and functional decline in individuals with T2DM and psychiatric disorders. Our data suggest that these biomarkers facilitate the identification of specific subgroups of individuals at higher risk of developing obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of social phobia in Andalusia","authors":"Pablo González-Domenech ,&nbsp;Blanca Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;José Eduardo Muñoz-Negro ,&nbsp;Esther Molina ,&nbsp;Margarita Rivera ,&nbsp;Jorge A. Cervilla","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Population studies on social anxiety disorder (SAD) are relatively scarce and there is no previous reported evidence on prevalence or correlates of SAD in an Andalusian general population sample.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>We used a random representative sample previously identified via standard stratification procedures. Thus, a final sample of 4507 participants were included (response rate 83.7%). Interviewees were thoroughly assessed on sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, including: exposures to threatening life events (TLEs), childhood abuse, personality disorder and traits (neuroticism, impulsivity, paranoia), global functioning, physical health and toxics consumption. SAD diagnosis was ascertained using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Both, pooled prevalences (with 95% confidence intervals) and risk correlates for SAD were estimated using binary logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Estimated prevalence for SAD was 1.1% (95% CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.8-1.4). Having a SAD diagnosis was independently and significantly associated with younger age, poorer global functioning, higher neuroticism and paranoia personality traits, having suffered childhood abuse and exposure to previous TLEs. Furthermore, SAD was significantly associated with comorbid personality disorder, major depression, panic disorder and alcohol abuse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Among this large Andalusian population sample, the prevalence of SAD and its associated factors are relatively similar to previously reported international studies, although no population study had previously reported such a strong association with paranoia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S188898912100118X/pdfft?md5=af5c427f33f7345bcb88d06413d047fc&pid=1-s2.0-S188898912100118X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88244362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRimary carE digital Support ToOl in mental health (PRESTO): Design, development and study protocols","authors":"Gerard Anmella ,&nbsp;Mireia Primé-Tous ,&nbsp;Xavier Segú ,&nbsp;Aleix Solanes ,&nbsp;Victoria Ruíz ,&nbsp;Inés Martín-Villalba ,&nbsp;Ivette Morilla ,&nbsp;Antonieta Also-Fontanet ,&nbsp;Elisenda Sant ,&nbsp;Sandra Murgui ,&nbsp;Mireia Sans-Corrales ,&nbsp;Andrea Murru ,&nbsp;Roland Zahn ,&nbsp;Allan H. Young ,&nbsp;Victor Vicens ,&nbsp;Clara Viñas-Bardolet ,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Martínez-Cerdá ,&nbsp;Jordi Blanch ,&nbsp;Joaquim Radua ,&nbsp;Miquel-Àngel Fullana ,&nbsp;Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>About 30–50% of Primary Care (PC) users in Spain suffer mental health problems, mostly mild to moderate anxious and depressive symptoms, which account for 2% of Spain's total Gross domestic product and 50% of the costs associated to all </span>mental disorders<span>. Mobile health tools have demonstrated to cost-effectively reduce anxious and depressive symptoms while machine learning (ML) techniques have shown to accurately detect severe cases. The main aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive ML digital support platform (PRESTO) to cost-effectively screen, assess, triage, and provide personalized treatments for anxious and depressive symptoms in PC.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The project will be carried out in 3 complementary phases: First, a ML predictive severity model will be built based on all the cases referred to the PC mental health support programme during the last 5 years in Catalonia. Simultaneously, a smartphone app to monitor and deliver psychological interventions for anxiety and depressive symptoms will be developed and tested in a clinical trial<span>. Finally, the ML models and the app will be integrated in a comprehensive decision-support platform (PRESTO) which will triage and assign to each patient a specific intervention based on individual personal and clinical characteristics. The effectiveness of PRESTO to reduce waiting times in receiving mental healthcare will be tested in a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in 5 PC centres.</span></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>PRESTO will offer timely and personalized cost-effective mental health treatment to people with mild to moderate anxious and depressive symptoms. This will result in a reduction of the burden of mental health problems in PC and on society as a whole.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>The project and their clinical trials were registered in Clinical Trials.gov: <span>NCT04559360</span><svg><path></path></svg> (September 2020).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38870878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire-Revised (CAA-r)","authors":"Remedios Melero ,&nbsp;María José Cantero","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Adult Attachment Questionnaire-Revised and its psychometric<span> properties are presented for dimensional and categorical evaluation of adult attachment style. Eight items were added to the original questionnaire (CAA; Melero and Cantero, 2008) that expanded avoidance dimension assessment and sensitivity evaluation. The exploratory factor analysis EFA led to 35 items grouped in 4 affective dimensions. (1) Anxiety: Need for approval, negative self-esteem, fear for rejection/abandonment and relationship anxiety; (2) Socioemotional competence: Emotional openness, sensitivity, and confidence; (3) Avoidance: Self-reliance and emotional discomfort with intimacy, and (4) Anger: Resentment, anger and intransigence. The cluster analysis confirmed the categorization of the 4 styles of attachment described by Bartholomew (Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991). The questionnaire showed satisfactory levels of reliability and validity.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90353349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapies in current clinical psychology and psychiatry in Spain","authors":"José Manuel Bertolín Guillén","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The practice of psychotherapy in Spain (Europe) continues being a reason for doubts, uncertainty, controversy or confusion. The access to psychotherapy is also controversial. To contribute to clarify all this in order to improve quality and minimise risks is the aim of our work.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Update of the regulations and legal rules which are applicable in psychotherapy to those graduated in both psychology and medicine.</p></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><p>Neuroscience, clinical psychology and psychiatry<span> develop in a parallel and convergent way. It is necessary to emphasise the risks of pseudotherapies, including pseudopsychotherapies, and pseudosciences in general. The practice of psychotherapy as a psychological treatment necessarily implies the healthcare field both for the private and public sectors. In order to practice as a psychotherapist in Spain, it is necessary to be a psychologist specialised in clinical psychology or a doctor specialised in psychiatry. The figure of the sanitary general psychologist is a regulated profession in Spain at present, but that is not equivalent to be a specialist. The former psychologists who have the required legal qualification are also allowed to act for the public sector in the healthcare field. Other doctors who are not psychiatrists, other psychologists or the nurses specialised in mental health are not allowed to name themselves or act as psychotherapists in any field or sector.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37877668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanization in mental health plans in Spain","authors":"David Fraguas ,&nbsp;Julio Zarco ,&nbsp;Vicent Balanzá-Martínez ,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Blázquez García ,&nbsp;Cecilia Borràs Murcia ,&nbsp;Ana Cabrera ,&nbsp;Julián Carretero ,&nbsp;Agustina Crespo ,&nbsp;Marina Díaz-Marsá ,&nbsp;Vicente Gasul ,&nbsp;Miguel A. González ,&nbsp;Iria Grande ,&nbsp;Carmen Muela ,&nbsp;Elena de las Heras Liñero ,&nbsp;Fermín Mayoral ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Morales Cano ,&nbsp;José Ramón Pagés-Lluyot ,&nbsp;José Romo ,&nbsp;Bibiana Serrano Marín ,&nbsp;Antonio Lozano Sauceda ,&nbsp;Celso Arango","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Mental health (MH) care has important challenges, especially in the field of humanization. Our objectives were to identify the humanization measures in MH plans of the Spanish autonomous communities (AC) and the priorities to be developed in this area.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>A large and multidisciplinary group of people involved in MH care participated in a consensus, according to a modified Delphi method, based on «design thinking», in three phases: (1) identification of humanization measures in MH plans of AC; (2) analysis of the implementation of these measures; and (3) identification of humanization priorities in MH.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fourteen of the 17 AC have current MH plans. They contained four types of humanization measures: (1) improvement of the quality of care; (2) promotion of user participation; (3) campaigns against stigma and discrimination; (4) caring for especially vulnerable people. Implementation of measures ranged from 6.3% (i.e.: specific budget) to 100%, with an average of 64.1%. We identified priority issues, operationalized in 5 proposals: (1) information campaigns; (2) multidisciplinary meeting forums; (3) platforms of support entities; (4) strategies on MH education; (5) humanization in study plans.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Some MH plans include humanization among their objectives, but partially. The implementation of humanization proposals such as those identified in this study is essential to achieve a high-quality MH care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39392799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content validation using Aiken methodology through expert judgment of the first Spanish version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI) in Peru: A brief qualitative report","authors":"Victor Anculle-Arauco ,&nbsp;Hever Krüger-Malpartida ,&nbsp;Martin Arevalo-Flores ,&nbsp;Liany Correa-Cedeño ,&nbsp;Reinhard Mass ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Hoppe ,&nbsp;Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The main objective of this study was the validation through the expert judgment of the first Spanish version of the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory (ESI-Sp).</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A translation and cultural adaptation procedure as a first stage was carried out, which was evaluated by four psychiatrists with clinical experience. In a second stage, we recruited a group of clinical psychiatrists to evaluate the translated instrument by judging the items’ clarity and relevance. Content validity was performed using the Aiken methodology (Aiken's <em>V</em>).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For the first stage, we did not find any items that needed alteration during translation and adaptation. Concerning the raters’ stage, 30 clinical psychiatrists (47.07<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->13.62 years) completed the rating of the ESI-Sp. Of them, the majority worked in an institute (10/30; 33.33%) and had “15 or more” years of experience (12/30; 40.00%). The null hypothesis was rejected for all items and demonstrated the content validity of each item. Similar results were found for the factors of the ESI. Finally, the total Aiken's <em>V</em> for the ESI did not include the values of the null hypothesis in the confidence intervals (<em>V</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.78; CI95 [0.70; 0.85]), demonstrating content validity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ESI-Sp is a valid and representative instrument to determine subjective experiences in patients with a high risk of schizophrenia. The construct validation of the ESI-Sp is pending, which our research group will carry out after this first step.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 110-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41238293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic quality indicators for clinical care of patients with major depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder","authors":"Eduard Vieta ,&nbsp;José Manuel Menchón Magriña ,&nbsp;Miguel Bernardo Arroyo ,&nbsp;Víctor Pérez Sola ,&nbsp;Carmen Moreno Ruiz ,&nbsp;Celso Arango López ,&nbsp;Julio Bobes García ,&nbsp;Manuel Martín Carrasco ,&nbsp;Diego Palao Vidal ,&nbsp;Ana González-Pinto Arrillaga","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To identify a set of indicators to monitor the quality of care for patients with major depression, schizophrenia, or </span>bipolar disorder.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A group of 10 experts selected the most automatically applicable indicators from a total of 98 identified in a previous study. Five online sessions and 5 discussion meetings were performed to select the indicators that met theoretical feasibility criteria automatically. Subsequently, feasibility was tested in a pilot study conducted in two hospitals of the Spanish Health Service.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>After evaluating its measurement possibilities in the Spanish Health Service, and the fulfillment of all the quality premises defined, 16 indicators were selected. Three were indicators of major depression, 5 of schizophrenia, 3 of bipolar disorder, and 5 indicators common to all three pathologies. They included measures related to patient safety, maintenance and follow-up of </span>treatment, therapeutic adherence, and adequacy of hospital admissions. After the pilot study, 5 indicators demonstrated potential in the automatic generation of results, with 3 of them related to treatments (clozapine in schizophrenia, lithium for bipolar disorder, and </span>valproate in women of childbearing age).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Indicators support the monitoring of the quality of treatment of patients with major depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder. Based on this proposal, each care setting can draw up a balanced scorecard adjusted to its priorities and care objectives, which will allow for comparison between centers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49681817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of mental disorders in Mexico, 1990-2019: Mental and neurological disorders, substance use, suicides, and related somatic disorders","authors":"José Ángel García-Pacheco ,&nbsp;María de Lourdes Torres Ortega ,&nbsp;Guilherme Borges","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Mental, neurological, substance use, suicide, and related somatic disorders<span> (MNSS, for the Spanish acronym) have a negative impact on the quality-of-life of people and the Mexican economy, but updated information is lacking. The objective of this work is to analyze the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of the MNSS in Mexico by sex, age, state, and degree of marginalization between 1990 and 2019.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The data and methodology of the «Global Burden of Disease Group» (GBD) are used. The GBD calculates DALYs as the sum of two components: years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD). Likewise, the data on the degree of marginalization from the National Population Council in Mexico are used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MNSS represented 16.3% of the disease burden in the Mexican population in 2019. The trend of the age-standardized rates of DALYs of the MNSS has increased little from 1990 to 2019. The highest increase has been for women. Mental (depression) and neurological (headache) disorders contribute the most to the disease burden among MNSS. In the interior of the country, Baja California Sur presented the highest increase in the period.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The results show a complex panorama of the MNSS and its subtypes by sex, age groups and territory. More resources are needed to improve mental health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39172129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in mental disorders among adolescents and young adults","authors":"Javier Mar ,&nbsp;Igor Larrañaga ,&nbsp;Oliver Ibarrondo ,&nbsp;Ana González-Pinto ,&nbsp;Carlota las Hayas ,&nbsp;Ane Fullaondo ,&nbsp;Irantzu Izco-Basurko ,&nbsp;Jordi Alonso ,&nbsp;Maider Mateo-Abad ,&nbsp;Esteban de Manuel ,&nbsp;on behalf of the UPRIGHT Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Socioeconomic status (SES) and gender play a key role in mental health. The objective of this study was to assess socioeconomic and gender mental health inequalities in adolescents and young adults using a population-based registry.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We conducted a lifetime follow-up study of all residents in the Basque Country between 1 and 30 years old (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->609,381) as of 31 December 2018. Primary care, specialized outpatient, and hospital care records were searched for diagnoses. SES was assessed based on household income. We estimated disaggregated lifetime prevalence of substance use, behaviour, anxiety, depression, psychosis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The local Institute of Statistics validated the mortality data. The likelihood of risks was estimated using logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 96,671 individuals (15.9%) had a diagnosed mental disorder, with clear gradients by gender and SES. Females of medium-to-high SES had the lowest prevalence of all mental disorders, except anxiety and depression. This group was followed by males of the same SES and females of low SES, while the highest prevalence of mental disorders was observed in low-SES males. The lower income categories had higher risks of psychiatric admission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.64 for females; 6.66 for males) and death (AOR: 5.42). People with a mental health diagnosis had higher mortality (AOR: 2.38).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our work evidenced important SES and gender inequalities in the mental health and premature mortality of adolescents and young adults, findings that should drive the development and implementation of early preventive interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888989122000763/pdfft?md5=c9b5f5508d0ebb2f31f278e81a6d2d37&pid=1-s2.0-S1888989122000763-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89796902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}