Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Modeling recurrent suicide attempts using probabilistic Hawkes processes.","authors":"Darío C Larese, Pablo M Olmos, Antonio Artés-Rodríguez, Laura Arenas-Pijoan, Eugènia Nicolau-Subires, Vicent Llorca-Bofí, Enrique Baca-García, María Irigoyen-Otiñano, Jorge López-Castromán","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessing the risk of suicide attempt recurrence requires integrating multiple clinical factors, including suicidal ideation and intent. Although clinical evaluation remains the most reliable method for estimating risk, few longitudinal mathematical models exist that leverage routine clinical data to predict recurrence dynamically. This gap limits the use of predictive analytics in suicide prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 1112 individuals from the MCOSUL Cohort (Lleida, Spain), who were treated for a suicide attempt, with a minimum 5-year follow-up or until death. Baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected during structured assessment, and follow-up data were extracted from electronic health records. For each participant, Hawkes process parameters (μ, α, δ) were estimated using maximum likelihood and conditioned via a neural network. A Gaussian Mixture Model was applied to identify temporal risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recurrence showed a temporal clustering pattern: 61.1% of repeat attempts occurred within 1 month of a previous event, and nearly all within 12 months. The model captured self-exciting dynamics and generated individualized survival and intensity curves. Five clusters emerged: a large low-risk heterogeneous group; a moderate-risk group; a predominantly male group with infrequent and less severe attempts; a high-risk group with multiple previous attempts; and a small but extreme group with severe and chronic recurrences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suicide attempt repetition in this cohort demonstrates self-exciting temporal behavior. Hawkes-based modeling enables dynamic, time-varying risk estimation and may offer advantages over traditional static prediction tools. Prospective validation should assess clinical integration, scalability, and utility for personalized suicide prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the child, adolescent, and parent versions of the Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES) in Spanish: Evidence from high-risk, first-episode psychosis, and control groups.","authors":"Mireia Solerdelcoll, Soledad Romero, Sandra Cosi, Gisela Sugranyes, Inmaculada Baeza, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Elena de la Serna","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stressful life events significantly influence the development and course of mental disorders in children and adolescents. The Stressful Life Events Schedule (SLES) is an instrument designed to evaluate these events. This study aims to validate the Spanish version of the SLES (Spanish SLES) for children, adolescents and parents by analysing its psychometric properties and discriminant validity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited from two cohorts. Cohort I comprised 188 offspring aged 6-17 years (50.0% female), including 114 offspring of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia (high-risk group) and 74 offspring of control subjects (control group). Cohort II included 35 adolescents aged 14-18 years with a first-episode psychosis (FEP group) (62.9% female). The psychometric properties of the SLES were assessed, including internal consistency (IC) and test-retest reliability, discriminant validity across groups, and concurrent validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Spanish SLES demonstrated robust psychometric properties. In adolescents, IC was 0.87 for the total event count and 0.88 for interference with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.74 and 0.70, respectively. In children, IC was also high (α=0.83 for events and α=0.85 for interference) with ICCs of 0.61 for both measures. In parents, IC was 0.78-0.86 for events and 0.78-0.87 for interference with ICCs of 0.80-0.84 and 0.75-0.82, respectively. Adolescents in the FEP group reported significantly more stressful events (p<0.001, ηp²=0.156) and greater interference (p<0.001, ηp²=0.190) compared with both the high-risk and control groups. Additionally, moderate correlations were found between parent and adolescent reports, with lower concordance observed in the child sample. These findings underscore the importance of integrating multiple informants when assessing stressful life events in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Spanish SLES is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing stressful life events in children, adolescents and their parents. It is an accessible and easy-to-administer tool, suitable for use in both clinical practice and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents and the influence of memetics.","authors":"Rocío López-Díaz, María Del Valle Rodríguez-Hiruela, Helena Marín-Mateos, Álvaro López-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is a common and concerning behavior, as it is associated with suicide risk. In this work, we propose a memetic framework to understand its social spread among the young populations (as well as among peers and on social media). Furthermore, we explore how to design and disseminate, with the help of AI, 'protective memes' with a Papageno effect that mitigate the potential Werther effect of NSSI in at-risk adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients' and caregivers' perspectives on the use of telemedicine in child and adolescent mental health services.","authors":"Randa Akram Youssef, Kholod Haj Hussain, Reem Mudawi, Sara Abu-Hammad, Rihab Farooq, Emran Ghazi, Syed Ali Bokhari","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood maltreatment and social cognition deficits across the psychosis spectrum: Evidence from the PREGAP study.","authors":"Borja Pedruzo, Claudia Aymerich, Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo, Jose Manuel Rodríguez-Sánchez, Patxi Gil, Lander Madaria, Garazi Acasuso, Ainara Arnaiz, Ana González-Pinto, Daniel Alonso-Alconada, Miguel Ángel González Torres, Ana Catalán","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Childhood maltreatment (CM) is common in early psychosis and may contribute to social-cognitive difficulties beyond illness-related processes. We examined whether CM explains unique variance in social cognition across psychosis stages, whether specific CM subtypes map onto distinct social-cognitive domains, and whether associations vary by clinical stage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a cross-sectional study including 107 participants: 39 with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 35 at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and 33 healthy controls (HC). CM was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Social cognition was evaluated across multiple domains, including facial emotion recognition (Penn Emotion Recognition Test [PERE]), theory of mind (Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition [MASC] errors and the Hinting Task), and social perception (Faux Pas Test). Self-reported social functioning was measured with the GEOPTE scale. Adjusted correlation analyses and linear regression models were performed, followed by comparison of 3 nested models to assess incremental explained variance: model A included CM only; model B included clinical group only; and model C included both CM and clinical group. Childhood maltreatment-by-group interaction terms were examined to explore stage-dependent effects. All analyses were exploratory, with 2-sided p&lt;.05 considered statistically significant and no correction for multiple comparisons applied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;CM showed domain-specific links with social cognition. Physical abuse related to more hypomentalization errors (MASC) and poorer disgust recognition (PERE); sexual abuse also predicted poorer disgust recognition. Emotional neglect was associated with lower Hinting performance and reduced recognition of neutral expressions; physical neglect related to reduced neutral and increased joy recognition. Higher total CTQ scores were tied to poorer neutral and better joy recognition. Model comparisons indicated that adding CM improved prediction beyond clinical status, particularly for neutral recognition associated with physical neglect (ΔR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 0.18; p&lt;0.01), emotional neglect (ΔR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 0.15; p&lt;0.01), and CTQ total (ΔR&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 0.10; p&lt;0.01). CM-by-group interactions suggested stronger links between (physical/sexual) abuse and impaired disgust recognition in HC than in CHR-P/FEP, and a specific emotional-neglect-by-FEP effect on neutral recognition; these were underpowered and interpreted cautiously. GEOPTE (social functioning) was higher with emotional abuse.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;CM contributes independently and additively to social-cognitive variation in early psychosis, with subtype-domain specificity most evident for theory of mind and facial emotion recognition. Findings support trauma-informed assessment within early intervention services and motivate longitudinal, mechanistic, and intervention","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of C-reactive protein and hematologic ratios for metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia.","authors":"M Sanchez-Autet, M Alfonso, C Hernandez, L Gonzalez-Blanco, M P García-Portilla, M Bernardo, G Anmella, S Amoretti, G Safont, B Arranz","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between the inflammatory biomarkers-C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte-ratio (PLR), and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR)-and metabolic status in a sample of patients with schizophrenia. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit a high prevalence of metabolic alterations, and that these inflammatory biomarkers are associated with a greater number of metabolic risk factors and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 541 participants with a DSM-5 diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder at any illness phase were included. We analyzed inflammatory markers and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine their predictive utility for MetS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with higher NLR and CRP levels and lower PLR values exhibited a more severe metabolic profile. ROC analysis identified CRP and PLR as the most effective predictors of MetS, with optimal cut-off points of 2.87mg/L for CRP (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 54%) and 80.7 for PLR (sensitivity, 71%; specificity, 60%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening CRP levels and inflammatory ratios is a cost-effective and easily implementable practice that may facilitate the early identification of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders at risk of developing metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempt severity: Implications for prevention and treatment.","authors":"Hasni Dyah Kurniawati","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does suicide contagion (Werther effect) take place in response to social media? A systematic review","authors":"Serena Calvo ,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Carrasco ,&nbsp;Celia Conde-Pumpido ,&nbsp;Jose Esteve ,&nbsp;Eduardo Jesús Aguilar","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Werther, Copycat or contagion effect of suicidal behaviour is a complex phenomenon that can arise due to exposure to media stories in which identifiable people take their lives. On the contrary, the Papageno effect prevents people from suicide by promoting positives examples of suicidal crisis management. Impact of both effects has been widely studied in different types of situations, but its existence in social media is a source of much debate.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search following the PRISMA guidelines of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science and the references of prior reviews yielded 25 eligible studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most of the studies found were observational, with very different methodologies and generally with low risk of bias. In these, the results suggest the existence of the Werther effect in response to social media stories about suicide. This is mediated by multiple factors, including the characteristic of the users, the type of interaction and the content of the publications. At the same time, the Papageno effect is also described. Evidence found by type of social media and future implications are discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Suicidal content on social media can be both contagious and protective. It is confirmed that the Werther and Papageno effects may occur in response to social media, so they could be an interesting target for preventive interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal attempt and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years","authors":"Miguel Ángel Jerónimo ,&nbsp;Sergio Piñar ,&nbsp;Pilar Samos ,&nbsp;Ana María González ,&nbsp;Magda Bellsolà ,&nbsp;Agnès Sabaté ,&nbsp;Jordi León ,&nbsp;Xavier Aliart ,&nbsp;Luis Miguel Martín ,&nbsp;Rosa Aceña ,&nbsp;Víctor Pérez ,&nbsp;David Córcoles","doi":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, warnings have been made about the impact on the mental health of the population and as occurred in previous pandemics, an increase in suicide rates had been anticipated. To date, studies differ with regard to whether suicide rates are being affected during the COVID pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>All individuals registered for suicidal ideation or suicidal attempt in the Suicide Risk Code (SRC) from the City of Barcelona from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021 have been included. A bivariate analysis has been carried out between the 2018 and 2019 period and the pandemic period. The percentage increase in the monthly incidence of SRC cases has been calculated, using the average monthly incidence for the 2018–2019 period as a reference.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3 388 consultations for suicide ideation or suicidal attempt were registered. There has been an increase of 43.20% in the monthly incidence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts during the pandemic compared to the 2018–2019 period, reaching a maximum increase of 573.8% in young people under 18 years in the month of May 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic period, consultations for suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts have increased compared to the previous 2 years in the City of Barcelona. It should be noted that this growth has been occurred especially in young people under the age of 18 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the impact of suicide compared to other external causes of death: From 1995 to 2020","authors":"Jimena María Merayo-Cano ,&nbsp;Alejandro Porras-Segovia ,&nbsp;Santiago Ovejero-Garcia ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-García","doi":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Suicide is one of the world's greatest public health problems. More than 700,000 people lose their lives to suicide every year. While funding for mental health waits to be increased, thousands of suicides occur every day.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>This study aims to quantify the global impact of suicide compared to other external causes of death in terms of years of potential life lost (YPLL), and how this will change between 1995 and 2020. Our source of information is the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. We then use YPLL, a standard measure of premature mortality and burden of disease that brings precision to the assessment of the impact of different causes of death. This, combined with the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) as a way of expressing increase, gives us a better understanding of the real situation and trends of suicide compared to other external causes of death in different countries worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on the available sources of information and the selection criteria, we obtained a sample of 69 countries. The CAGR for all causes per capita decreased over the observed period in 65 countries, and it increases in 4 countries. In contrast, the CAGR specifically for suicide decreased in 49 countries, while an increase was observed in 20 countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prevention of most external causes of mortality shows promising data in most countries. However, this is not the case for suicide. Thus, YPLL due to suicide have decreased to a comparatively lesser extent and have even increased in some countries, a very worrying situation that poses many clinical and epidemiological challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101179,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"Pages 46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}