Pharmacological Research - Natural Products最新文献

{"title":"Elucidating the potential role of quercetin in augmenting the acclimatization process via controlling high altitude induced redox imbalance in rats: A molecular approach","authors":"Vaishnavi Rathi ,&nbsp;Sarada S.K. Sagi ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoxia emerges as the major barrier at high altitude for military troops and mountaineers. Prophylaxis with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide (ACZ) has been suggested for better adaptation and survival at altitude above 2500 m. The study present here compares the prophylactic efficacies of quercetin and acetazolamide in preventing Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). We further aim to identify the potential pathway quercetin follows to exert its effects through binding studies with carbonic anhydrase (CA-II). Male SD rats (total number rats used=36) were supplemented orally with quercetin (50 mg/Kg BW) and acetazolamide (50 mg/Kg BW) and then subjected to hypobaric hypoxia (25,000 ft. for 12 h). Hypoxia induced oxidative imbalance, antioxidant inactivity and carbonic anhydrase activity were assessed in plasma of rats. The results obtained suggested that hypoxia induced oxidative imbalance (protein carbonylation) and antioxidant inactivity (glutathione reductase) was significantly restored by supplementation of quercetin in plasma of rats (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). However, ACZ supplemented normoxia rats showed, enhanced levels of protein carbonylation in plasma of these rats in comparison with the normoxia control group. Prophylactic potential of both the drugs were further evaluated with hematological and blood gas parameters as well. Western blotting studies determined the differential expressions of EPO, Nrf-2 and HO-1 in rat kidney homogenates. Later, binding affinity of quercetin with CA-II was evaluated with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Quercetin considerably restored the expression of EPO, Nrf-2 and HO-1 to optimum levels by attenuating the oxidative stress and promoting the antioxidant milieu in the hypoxia exposed rats. SPR and molecular data does not support such inhibition of CA-II with quercetin. Thus, quercetin might have explored some other mechanism to attain the acclimatization in rats under hypoxia. These results indicate that, quercetin is a safe and potent drug for high altitude adjustments for better adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine, vanillin and their combination modulate purinergic enzyme activities, mRNA expressions of some synapticsentry proteins and histomorphological status of hippocampal tissue in aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats","authors":"Olakunle Bamikole Afolabi ,&nbsp;Kikelomo Folake Jaiyesimi ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Ruth Olasehinde ,&nbsp;Oyindamola Adeniyi Olaoye ,&nbsp;Lisa Ilobekemen Ekakitie ,&nbsp;Adedeji Enitan Adetunji ,&nbsp;Adedamola Adediran Fafure ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Babatunde Oluwafemi ,&nbsp;Omotade Ibidun Oloyede","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The neurotoxic properties of aluminum (Al) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Consequently, there has been an increasing interest in exploring how bioactive compounds from functional foods mitigate the detrimental impact of this redox metal in AD. Hence, this study evaluated neuromodulatory effects of caffeine, vanillin and their combination on some hippocampal biochemical parameters in AlCl₃-induced neurotoxicity in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats (150–200 g) were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups of 6 rats each. Animals were exposed to AlCl₃ (100 mg/kg body weight, bw) orally at a single dose to induce neurotoxicity. Experimental AlCl₃-induced animals were administered with 50 mg/kg bw caffeine, vanillin and their combination for 21 days with donepezil (10 mg/kg bw) as control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>However, following the 21 days treatment with 50 mg/kg caffeine, vanillin and their combination, a noticeable significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease was observed in the hippocampal ENTPDase activity with a concomitant increase significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in eNTDase activity, respectively. Also, a significant (p &lt; 0.05) reduction was evident in the hippocampal relative mRNA gene levels of eNOS, AChE and β-amyloid protein with no significant difference in the expression of GABA receptor protein in some treatment groups compared to untreated AlCl₃-induced control group. Similarly, hippocampal architecture revealed a restoration of dentate gyrus with an increased granular cell counts after the 21 days of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Therefore, based on the findings of this report, caffeine, vanillin and their combination could be further studied as potential candidates for therapeutic management of AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viola species of western Himalayas as a potential medicinal spice for health benefits: A comprehensive review on ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry","authors":"Rishabh Kaundal ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Viola</em> genus boasts about 800 species globally, found across Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia. Traditionally, <em>Viola</em> species have been employed in folk medicine to alleviate fever, asthma, colds, and respiratory ailments. Recent focus has been on <em>Viola</em> species found in India (IVS), reflecting their significance in traditional Indian medicine. Data on IVS was gathered from various databases and literature sources, showcasing their pharmacological activities and chemical compounds. <em>Viola</em> species are particularly utilized for respiratory issues, with Asian countries (India, China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan) contributing significantly to related research. Seven <em>Viola</em> species have been identified in India, notably <em>Viola odorata</em> and <em>Viola canescens</em>. These species contain diverse compounds such as polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids) and cyclotides (peptides, proteins). The study suggested that Indian Himalayan region is most suitable for captive cultivation of Viola species. While pre-clinical research hints at promising pharmacological activities, further exploration and isolation of bioactive compounds are warranted. Ethnopharmacological records require more substantiation, urging comprehensive research on IVS for potential therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnopharmacological survey and GC-MS profiling of medicinal plants in Surguja district, Chhattisgarh: Bridging traditional knowledge and bioactive compound discovery","authors":"Diptesh Kumar Bhoi ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar Ahirwar","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Surguja District in Chhattisgarh, India, is a repository of rich ethnopharmacological knowledge vital for traditional healthcare and developing novel pharmacological applications. This study sought to document the traditional uses of medicinal plants in the region, assess their cultural and therapeutic significance, and identify bioactive species for further pharmacological investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 289 informants (259 males, 30 females) across 43 villages using semi-structured interviews. Necessary permissions were obtained from the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), Surguja. Quantitative indices such as Use Value (UV), Family Use Value (FUV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Jaccard Index (JI) were employed for data analysis. Additionally, GC-MS analysis was conducted on <em>Asparagus racemosus</em> Willd. and <em>Mirabilis jalapa</em> L. to identify bioactive compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 183 plant species (180 angiosperms and 3 pteridophytes) representing 157 genera and 63 families were documented, addressing 92 human ailments. Among these, 25 species were used in veterinary medicine, 22 in magico-religious practices, and 56 as food plants. The Fabaceae family (24 taxa) and herbs (40.98 %) were predominant. The most utilized plant part was bark (19.11 %), while paste (55.72 %) was the most common preparation method. <em>Asparagus racemosus</em> Willd. exhibited the highest UV (1.28), followed by <em>Mirabilis jalapa</em> L. (1.22). Trauma-related ailments recorded the highest ICF (0.97). The JI revealed the most significant ethnobotanical similarity with Dindori, Madhya Pradesh. GC-MS analysis identified 30 bioactive compounds in <em>Asparagus racemosus</em> Willd. and 34 in <em>Mirabilis jalapa</em> L.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the ethnopharmacological wealth of Surguja District, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of species like <em>Asparagus racemosus</em> Willd. Conservation initiatives and integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches are critical for sustainable biodiversity utilization and innovative drug development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADMET analysis and evaluation of the effect of ortho-eugenol on the QacA/B efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Jessyca Nayara Mascarenhas Lima ,&nbsp;Cristina Rodrigues dos Santos Barbosa ,&nbsp;Joycy Francely Sampaio dos Santos ,&nbsp;Jackelyne Roberta Scherf ,&nbsp;Thiago Sampaio de Freitas ,&nbsp;Larissa da Silva ,&nbsp;Nair Silva Macêdo ,&nbsp;Catarina Martins Tahim ,&nbsp;Elaine Cristina Pereira Lucetti ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Silva Marinho ,&nbsp;Hélcio Silva dos Santos ,&nbsp;Micheline Azevedo Lima ,&nbsp;Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho ,&nbsp;Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global problem, with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> being a prominent multidrug-resistant bacterium, mainly due to mechanisms such as β-lactamase production and the QacA/B efflux pump system. These mechanisms impede effective treatment of the infection, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this context, natural products such as ortho-eugenol, a synthetic isomer of eugenol, have attracted attention for their potential to modulate bacterial resistance. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of ortho-eugenol against <em>S. aureus</em> K4414, a strain harboring the QacA/B efflux pump. Despite having a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥ 1024 μg/mL, indicating weak antibacterial activity, its combination with penicillin resulted in a fivefold reduction in the MIC of the antibiotic (from 512 μg/mL to 101.6 μg/mL). This potentiating effect was not observed with the standard efflux pump inhibitor chlorpromazine, suggesting that the mechanism is not related to QacA/B inhibition but likely involves β-lactamase inhibition, as confirmed by the combination of ampicillin with sulbactam. In addition, ortho-eugenol in combination with ethidium bromide (EtBr) increased the MIC of EtBr, suggesting an antagonistic interaction. In contrast, chlorpromazine with EtBr decreased its MIC, confirming the functionality of the QacA/B efflux pump. Biophysical and predictive analyses revealed that ortho-eugenol has lipophilic properties and moderate metabolic stability, making it suitable for oral bioavailability with low central nervous system toxicity. However, a structural vulnerability related to the isolated alkene group was identified, indicating potential epoxidation during phase I metabolism, warranting controlled dosing. These findings highlight the potential of ortho-eugenol as a β-lactamase inhibitor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oils in cosmetics: Antioxidant properties and advancements through nanoformulations","authors":"Bongunuri Harsha Vardhan Reddy,&nbsp;Sha Mohammad Sameer Hussain,&nbsp;Mohammad Shahil Hussain,&nbsp;Rajpurohit Narendra Kumar,&nbsp;Jeena Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the antioxidant properties of essential oils and their nanoformulations when used in cosmetic products, consolidating information from recent scientific studies.</div></div><div><h3>Significance of review</h3><div>Essential oils have gained significant attention in the cosmetics industry due to their natural antioxidant properties and potential benefits for skin health. Understanding their role can help develop innovative and effective cosmetic formulations.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings</h3><div>Essential Oils are volatile aromatic compounds extracted from various plant sources, known for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. They are rich in phenols, terpenes, and flavonoids that scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. Their antioxidant activity helps neutralize free radicals, mitigating skin aging, oxidative stress, and damage. Certain essential oils also decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, thus showing significant effects in treating acute and chronic inflammation. They further enhance stability and shelf-life of cosmetic formulations by preventing lipid oxidation and degradation of active ingredients. Nanoformulations of tea tree oil, lavender oil, rosemary oil, and chamomile oil show promising results in reducing oxidative damage, improving skin barrier function, and promoting collagen synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review highlights the significant antioxidant properties of essential oils and the potential of their nanoformulations in improving cosmetic formulations. Further research and development in this area hold promise for creating innovative and effective skincare products to meet modern skincare needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS profile and in vivo oral acute toxicity, antihypertensive and vascular endothelium protective effects of phenolic compounds of the ethyl acetate fraction of leafy stems of Flemingia faginea Guill. & Perr. in L-NAME induced hypertensive mice","authors":"Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian Ouedraogo ,&nbsp;Lazare Belemnaba ,&nbsp;Mathieu Nitiéma ,&nbsp;Boukaré Kaboré ,&nbsp;Bonéwendé Mohamed Belemlilga ,&nbsp;Moumouni Koala ,&nbsp;Raogo Ouedraogo ,&nbsp;Rasmané Semdé ,&nbsp;Sylvin Ouedraogo","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed at evaluating <em>in vivo</em> the antihypertensive and vascular endothelium protection effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of the leafy stem of <em>Flemingia. faginea</em> (EAF) in hypertensive mice with Lῳ- Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). <strong>Methods</strong>: Six (06) groups (n = 7) of mice were formed for the study, which lasted five weeks. Groups I, II, and III were administered parenterally with L-NAME (80 mg/kg), NaCl 0.9 % (0.5 mL/kg), and EAF (24 mg/kg) for four weeks, respectively. Mice in groups IV, V, VI, and VII received only L-NAME (80 mg/kg) for two weeks and then received L-NAME plus treatment respectively, captopril 5 mg/kg, 6; 12, and 24 mg/kg for the following two weeks. The acute oral toxicity and phytochemical analysis of EAF were carried out. <strong>Results</strong>: Daily administration of the L-NAME resulted in a significant increase in BP characterized by SBP= 164.32 ± 6.40 mmHg and DBP= 91.00 ± 0.83 mmHg for all groups concerned on day 21 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). A statistically significant decrease in BP was observed from day seven for the hypertensive mice groups treated with 6; 12, and 24 mg/kg of EAF, and Captopril (5 mg/kg) <em>versus</em> L-NAME (80 mg/kg) only. Aortic rings of mice in the L-NAME+EAF 24 mg/kg group (E_max=69.21±2.70 % and EC₅₀=5.08 ± 0.37 ×10⁻⁷ M) showed more effective and potent nitric oxide (NO) endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation than the reference group L-NAME+Captopril 5 mg/kg (E_max=49.64±7.67 %). The 50 % lethal dose of EAF was estimated to be 5000 mg/kg. Phytochemical analysis identified mainly gallic acid glucoside, myricetin rutinoside, quercetin rutinoside, kaempferol rutinoside, and quercetin rhamnoside. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results suggest that EAF, a potential drug candidate, could be used preventively and curatively to manage hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acteoside synthesis and biosynthesis regulation: Five years,a breakthrough","authors":"Yanqing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Verbascoside or acteoside is a kind of main active ingredients in many plants, belonging to phenylethanoid glycosides. It has not only various bioactivities such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, cardiovascular protective, antihypertensive, antioxidant,antimicrobial, anti-leishmanial, anticancer, anti-aging, anti-depressive, hepatoprotective, memory improvement and anti-osteoporosis, but also slight toxicity, poor bioavailability and good stability and easiness to be absorbed after modified, so it has great medicinal and development value. In order to provide a theoretical basis for acteoside production, utilization and research in future, we review its chemosynthesis, biosynthesis and biosynthesis regulation. Among them, the chemosynthesis has regioselective glycosylation, reduces guard group manipulation,shortens the synthesis route and improves its synthesis efficiency; the biosynthesis includes acteoside biosynthesis pathway elucidation, key gene mining and functional characterization and acteoside production, especially, based on which I establish an integrated complete biosynthesis pathway; biosynthesis regulation focuses on that of both abiotic and transcription factors. Finally, problems and perspectives regarding acteoside synthesis and biosynthesis regulation are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition and pharmacological applications of Casuarina equisetifolia Linn.: A comprehensive review","authors":"Nourhene Aroua ,&nbsp;Maher Boukhris ,&nbsp;Fatma Saadi ,&nbsp;Ridha Ben Salem ,&nbsp;Ghayth Rigane","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widely dispersed evergreen tree <em>Casuarina equisetifolia</em> has drawn notice for its variety of bioactive chemicals and possible therapeutic uses. In order to better understand the possible medicinal benefits of <em>Casuarina equisetifolia</em>, this study will conduct a thorough analysis of its chemical composition. This abstract provides an overview of recent research findings on the isolation, characterization, and bioactivities of phenolic compounds from <em>C.equisetifolia</em> extracts it also delves into the intriguing world of essential oils, exploring their composition, benefits, and applications<em>.</em> Numerous studies have reported the presence of various phenolic compounds in different parts of the <em>C.equisetifolia</em> plant, including leaves, stem, fruit, root and seeds. These compounds encompass a wide range of chemical classes, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and lignans. The extraction and isolation methods employed have allowed for the identification and quantification of these bioactive molecules. Phenolic substances isolated from <em>C.equisetifolia</em> have demonstrated notable antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities in preclinical studies. Moreover, synergistic interactions between phenolic compounds and other natural compounds or conventional drugs have been explored to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activity of leaf and callus extracts of Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb. – A potent medicinal plant of Western Ghat","authors":"C. Mahendra ,&nbsp;R.S. Savitha ,&nbsp;K.N. Ravindra ,&nbsp;A. Nataraju","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biological properties of leaves and leaves-derived callus extracts in various solvents were determined in <em>Xanthophyllum flavescens</em>. A maximum calli induction of 89.25 %, 78.25 % and 69.72 <em>flavescens</em> % in MS medium fortified with 6-Benzyl amino purine (1.5 mg L⁻¹), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (1.5 mg L⁻¹) and Kinetin (2.0 mg L⁻¹) achieved on MS medium in leaves explants. Phytochemical screening revealed varied secondary metabolites such as phenolics, sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Overall extracts tested for antimicrobial screening, the callus methanol extract was found to inhibit the growth of <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>S. typhi</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> (MIC; 0.156–0.625 mg mL⁻¹) and <em>F. moniliforme</em>, <em>F. oxysporum</em>, <em>A. flavus</em> and <em>C. albicans</em> (MIC; 0.312–0.625 mg mL⁻¹). Furthermore, live and dead cell assay followed by SEM observations revealed that, the dead cells with the damaged cell wall in <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> upon treatment with methanol callus extracts active column fractions. All the extracts showed significant total phenolics, and flavonoid contents with a good source of antioxidant properties in a dose-dependent manner in DPPH, nitric oxide, phosphomolybdenum, and reducing power assay. Haemolytic activity of potent crude extracts showed anti-haemolysis of 2.03 % and 2.15 % (500 µg mL⁻¹) against human erythrocytes. This study offers an opportunity to conserve and explore this potent medicinal plant for further pharmaceutical usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}