Biosynthesis of pectin and its vital role in the bioavailability of phytochemicals associated with therapeutic properties

Pectin is a complex and multifunctional heteropolysaccharide that plays a significant role in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review comprehensively explores the biosynthesis of pectin, highlighting its formation in plants and subsequent digestion in the form of fermentation, primarily through fermentation by the gut microbiome. Furthermore, the role of pectin in enhancing the bioavailability of plant-derived nutraceuticals is discussed, emphasizing its potential as a delivery vehicle for bioactive compounds. The paper also examines the wide-ranging biological activities of pectin, including its anticancer, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. By integrating current research, this review provides a holistic understanding of pectin's multifaceted roles in human health, positioning it as a promising functional food ingredient and therapeutic agent.