Exploration of marine macro algal-derived compounds as antiviral drugs: A review on the types, mechanisms of action, and challenges

The rise of viral diseases has prompted significant interest in marine natural products due to their diverse biological activities. Seaweeds, in particular, have emerged as abundant sources of bioactive compounds, including potent antiviral agents, alongside other therapeutic properties. This review aims to explore the bioactive compounds present in seaweeds and their efficacy against viruses. It also seeks to discuss these compounds' extraction and isolation methodologies, highlighting various techniques involved. Furthermore, it endeavors to address the challenges and opportunities in seaweed research, shaping the future of investigations in this area. This review analyses existing literature on the bioactive compounds derived from seaweeds and their antiviral properties. It evaluates extraction and isolation techniques employed in obtaining these compounds, providing insights into methodologies utilized in their study. Additionally, it analyzes challenges and opportunities in seaweed research, offering perspectives on future directions in the field. Seaweeds harbor a diverse array of bioactive compounds with significant potential in combating viral diseases. The exploration of these compounds and their antiviral efficacy provides valuable insights into novel therapeutic avenues. The field of seaweed research promises exciting opportunities for the development of new antiviral treatments and underscores the importance of continued exploration in this area.