T Feltgen , J.H Greenberg , A.N Guskov , M Fiederle , K.W Benz
{"title":"P–T–X phase equilibrium studies in Zn–Te for crystal growth by the Markov method","authors":"T Feltgen , J.H Greenberg , A.N Guskov , M Fiederle , K.W Benz","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00149-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00149-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synchrotron topography characterization of vapor grown ZnTe crystals showed that the available data in this system are not sufficient to control the growth parameters. First <em>P</em>–<em>T</em>–<em>X</em> phase equilibrium studies confirm that the stoichiometric plane <em>X</em>=50 at.% Te is completely outside of the single-phase volume of ZnTe. The Te boundary exhibits retrograde solubility. The maximum Te non-stoichiometry of 0.0186 at.% was found at <em>T</em>=1344 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1241-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00149-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81668985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nitridosilicates, oxonitridosilicates (sions), and oxonitridoaluminosilicates (sialons)","authors":"Wolfgang Schnick","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00120-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00120-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The new oxonitridosilicate (sion) Ce<sub>4</sub>[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>N<sub>6</sub>]O and the sialons Sr<sub>3</sub>Ln<sub>10</sub>Si<sub>18</sub>Al<sub>12</sub>O<sub>18</sub>N<sub>36</sub> (Ln=Ce, Pr, Nd) and Sr<sub>10</sub>Sm<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>30</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>O<sub>7</sub>N<sub>54</sub> were synthesised as coarsely crystalline products by high-temperature reaction using a radiofrequency furnace. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and powder neutron-diffraction (Ce<sub>4</sub>[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>N<sub>6</sub>]O and Sr<sub>3</sub>Pr<sub>10</sub>Si<sub>18</sub>Al<sub>12</sub>O<sub>18</sub>N<sub>36</sub>). Ce<sub>4</sub>[Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>N<sub>6</sub>]O represents the first hyperbolically layered silicate. The Si/O/N network is built up of Q<sup>3</sup> type SiON<sub>3</sub> tetrahedra enveloping the large [Ce<sub>4</sub>O]<sup>10+</sup> cations. The sialons Sr<sub>3</sub>Ln<sub>10</sub>Si<sub>18</sub>Al<sub>12</sub>O<sub>18</sub>N<sub>36</sub> contain a complex network of corner sharing SiON<sub>3</sub>, SiN<sub>4</sub>, and AlON<sub>3</sub> tetrahedra, while Sr<sub>10</sub>Sm<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>30</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>O<sub>7</sub>N<sub>54</sub> is built up by a capped double-layer structure of SiON<sub>3</sub>, SiN<sub>4</sub>, AlON<sub>3</sub>, and AlN<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra. The crystallographic ordering of Al/Si and O/N, respectively, was investigated by refinement of the neutron powder diffraction data and lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) on the basis of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Hardness investigations using single crystals of Sr<sub>3</sub>Pr<sub>10</sub>Si<sub>18</sub>Al<sub>12</sub>O<sub>18</sub>N<sub>36</sub><span> yielded an averaged Vickers hardness of 22.0 GPa.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1267-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00120-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83439241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Majewski, Michael Rozumek, Heike Schluckwerder, Fritz Aldinger
{"title":"Phase diagram studies in the systems La2O3–SrO–Ga2O3 and La2O3–MgO–Ga2O3 at 1400°C in air","authors":"Peter Majewski, Michael Rozumek, Heike Schluckwerder, Fritz Aldinger","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00158-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00158-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ternary systems La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SrO–Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–MgO–Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were studied at 1400°C in air with emphasis on LaGaO<sub>3</sub>. The compound exhibits a small solid solubility of Sr substituting for La, and Mg substituting for Ga, respectively. In the system La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SrO–Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> the compound is stable within a very narrow concentration region. In the system La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–MgO–Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> it is in equilibrium with most of the phases of the system present at 1400°C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1343-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00158-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81455607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the annealing conditions on the properties of ZnO thin films","authors":"P Nunes, E Fortunato, R Martins","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00113-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00113-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The effect of annealing treatment (in the presence of different types of atmospheres) on the performances of zinc oxide thin films (intrinsic and doped with In and Al) prepared by </span>spray pyrolysis have been studied, with the aim to determine more adequate conditions to improve the properties of the films. The results show that the annealing treatment leads to substantial changes in the structural, electrical and optical characteristics of ZnO thin films. The most significant improvements were obtained after annealing in forming gas (reduction atmosphere) at 200°C during 2 h. The ZnO:In film after heat treatment was the one that exhibited the lowest resistivity (</span><em>ρ</em>=5.2×10<sup>−2</sup> Ωcm) and a high transmittance (<em>T</em>=86%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1125-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00113-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89208643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epitaxial phase stabilization in thin films of complex oxides","authors":"A.R Kaul , O.Yu Gorbenko , I.E Graboy , S.V Samoilenkov , M.A Novojilov , A.A Bosak , H.W Zandbergen , G Wahl","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00119-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00119-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A survey of experimental results is given presenting the successful growth of oxide epitaxial thin films in thermodynamic conditions (</span><em>T</em>, pressure, <em>p</em>(O<sub>2</sub>), composition), which are far from those necessary for the stable existence of these phases in polycrystalline state. The unstable-in-bulk BaCu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NdMn<sub>7</sub>O<sub>12</sub><span>, rare earth nickelates RNiO</span><sub>3</sub><span> and unusual phase relations in R–Ba–Cu–O systems are the examples. The stabilizing effect was observed in thin films only if the epitaxial growth was induced. The effect is thought to be of thermodynamic origin, rather than of kinetic one, and it is supposed to be the result of the low surface energy of coherent interfaces formed at the epitaxy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1177-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00119-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74840349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of (Ti,Al)N hard coatings by a combinatorial approach","authors":"R Cremer, D Neuschütz","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00121-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00121-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combinatorial synthesis and screening is an established technique in the pharmaceutical industry. Recently combinatorial approaches have been made to the screening of superconductive, magnetoresistant and photoluminescent materials [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 38(17) (1999) 2494]. Although the development of multicomponent hard coatings by a combinatorial approach could lead to a significant decrease in cost and time, to our knowledge, no paper has been published in this field up to now. In this paper, the deposition and characterization of laterally graded (Ti,Al)N hard coatings with compositions from nearly pure TiN to AlN<span> is presented. The coatings have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering<span>, using an aluminum and a titanium target at a low angle to the substrate surface as well as a system of apertures. The relation between composition and oxidation resistance of the ternary films has been investigated. The results illustrate that the combinatorial approach is a powerful and cost effective tool for the development and optimization of new materials for hard coatings.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1181-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00121-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73502476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of different dopants on the properties of ZnO thin films","authors":"P Nunes , E Fortunato , P Vilarinho , R Martins","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00129-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00129-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The influence of doping on the properties of zinc oxide thin films deposited by </span>spray pyrolysis has been studied. The results show that the doping affects the properties of the films, mainly the electrical ones, function of its concentration and nature. The most significative improvement were observed for films doped with 1 at.% of </span>indium exhibiting a resistivity of 1.9×10</span><sup>−1</sup> Ω<!--> <!-->m associated to a transmittance of 86%, characteristics required for applications on the optoelectronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1211-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00129-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74442555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the deposition conditions on the gas sensitivity of zinc oxide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis","authors":"P Nunes, E Fortunato, A Lopes, R Martins","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00136-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00136-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In this work we present preliminary results on the sensitivity to methane gas of zinc oxide thin films deposited by </span>spray pyrolysis. It was found that using highly resistive (above 10</span><sup>4</sup> Ω cm) thin films and by performing the measurements at 200°C a sensitivity better than one order of magnitude was found to detect 2000 ppm of methane. A linear dependence on the sensitivity between 100 and 2000 ppm of methane was also obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1129-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00136-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83956522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Sekar , T Watanabe , A Matsuda , H Shibata , Y Zenitani , J Akimitsu
{"title":"Crystal growth and transport properties of 4-leg spin-ladder compound La2Cu2O5: occurrence of insulator–metal transition","authors":"C Sekar , T Watanabe , A Matsuda , H Shibata , Y Zenitani , J Akimitsu","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00127-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00127-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A remarkable metal–insulator transition has been observed, for the first time, in hole-doped spin ladder compound La<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> (4-leg) single crystals. Hole-doping was carried out by means of high-oxygen-pressure annealing at 600°C under a pressure of 400 atm (20%O<sub>2</sub>+80%Ar at a total pressure of 2000 atm) using a hot-isostatic-pressing (HIP) furnace. In order to realize metallicity, a prolonged HIP-treatment for about 22 days or more is required. However, this annealing period is reduced to about 5–6 days, when the crystals are grown from the starting charges containing Ag in the form of Ag<sub>2</sub>O. Even in the as-grown state, the measured room-temperature resistivity is about two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of La<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> crystals grown from charges without silver. The results show that the silver addition facilitates the oxygenation of the La<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> crystals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1201-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00127-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83774199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural and electrochemical features of fast oxide ion conductors","authors":"Jean-Claude Boivin","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00118-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00118-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New fast oxide ion conductors for low temperature applications (400–600°C) have been proposed during recent years. These materials exhibit structural features rather different from that of the well-known zirconia-based electrolytes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the main structural characteristics of these various classes of materials to propose them as a guideline for designing new oxide ion conductors. The development of efficient low temperature devices also implies association of a fast electrolyte to a very active electrode system which must be able to support oxygen molecule dissociation and recombination at high current densities. The BIMEVOX materials offer the unique opportunity of being able to act both as the electrolyte and the electrodes, overcoming many chemical and mechanical problems. This point will also be discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1261-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00118-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85278030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}