{"title":"Stacking fault analysis in layered materials","authors":"H Dittrich, M Wohlfahrt-Mehrens","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00143-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00143-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ordered and disordered stacking sequences in graphite and Li-intercalated graphite were modelled. The X-ray powder patterns were simulated by the diffracted intensities from faulted xtals (DIFFaX) program. Resulting diffraction patterns show characteristic differences for hexagonal, rhombohedral and statistical intermixed stacking orders. For this reason, simulated patterns can be used for quantitative analysis of stacking faults by profile fitting, using the DIFFaX simulation parameters as fit parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1137-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00143-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77209239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.T Caldes, G Goglio, C Marhic, O Joubert, M Lancin, L Brohan
{"title":"Influence of synthesis method on the microstructure of Sr3−xLaxMn2O7: a combined HREM, EELS and X-ray study","authors":"M.T Caldes, G Goglio, C Marhic, O Joubert, M Lancin, L Brohan","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00116-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00116-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between synthesis method and type of intergrowth defects observed in the Sr<sub>3−<em>x</em></sub>La<sub><em>x</em></sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> series (1≤<em>x</em>≤1.35) with nominal composition has been studied. Self-combustion and ceramic methods were used to prepare the samples. For the same Sr/La ratio, several kinds of intergrowth defects are usually observed in samples prepared by self-combustion, whereas in samples prepared by the ceramic method, their existence is quite unusual. Moreover, the number of K<sub>2</sub>NiF<sub>4</sub><span>-type defects decreases when the La content increases. An EELS study of Mn L</span><sub>2,3</sub> edges, performed either on the 2D phase or on the defects, has shown a homogeneity of the samples with respect to the Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>4+</sup> ratio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1169-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00116-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82662051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship between growth conditions, thermodynamic properties and crystal structure of SiC","authors":"A Fissel","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00126-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00126-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growth of certain SiC polytypes in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) was analysed within the framework of classical thermodynamic nucleation theory. It is demonstrated that the formation of certain polytypes in the nucleation stage is due to a complex interplay between their differences in the surface and formation energy as well as the growth conditions. Based on these considerations, the estimations clearly indicate that the formation of the 3C-SiC polytype is preferred at Si-rich conditions or low temperatures, whereas the hexagonal polytypes occur at C-rich conditions or higher temperatures in agreement to experimental findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1273-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00126-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74923721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials – merger with Solid State Sciences","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00203-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00203-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Page 1095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00203-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138306216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the electrochemical synthesis of selective black coatings absorbing solar energy","authors":"V Moise, R Cloots, A Rulmont","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00154-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00154-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To set up a reproducible electrochemical preparation process of a black, adhesive and homogeneous film on a metallic substrate with well-defined optical and mechanical properties, we need to control all the electrochemical parameters and to understand their influence. For so doing, different coatings have been prepared in various conditions and their microstructures have been correlated with the synthesis parameters as well as the physical properties. Chromium oxide films on nickel-coated copper metallic substrates have been deposited from a chromate bath. In this paper, we present the evolution of the microstructure of the deposits according to some experimental parameters, more specifically the concentration of the hexafluorosilicic acid and trivalent chromium ions present in the electrochemical bath used in our experiments. A marked difference in the particle morphology has been put into evidence by modifying the source of the trivalent chromium ions: (i) from the addition of sucrose to the solution containing hexavalent chromium ions or (ii) from the addition of a trivalent chromium salt to the bath.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1323-1329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00154-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87967320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Umbrella stoichiometry: a guide to the solid state chemistry of copper-rich oxides","authors":"D.A Vander Griend, K.R Poeppelmeier","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00130-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00130-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Umbrella stoichiometries are relatively unstable compositions that can be leveraged to promote the formation of unconventional solid state structures. La<sup>III</sup> and Cu<sup>II</sup> in a one to one ratio is such a stoichiometry. The addition of a third metal such as Mo<sup>VI</sup>, V<sup>V</sup>, or Ru<sup>V</sup> generates a complex set of potential products. Nonetheless, La<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>MoO<sub>12</sub> forms a single phase because no low energy multiphase alternatives exist for a stoichiometry so close to an umbrella stoichiometry. The cations in the structure are severely under-coordinated, yet oxygen can be removed from the structure by substituting Cu<sup>II</sup> for Mo<sup>VI</sup>. La<sub>4</sub>Cu<sub>3+<em>x</em></sub>Mo<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>O<sub>12−2<em>x</em></sub> forms a single phase for 0.0≤<em>x</em>≤0.12 before La<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> appears. This structurally unfavorable substitution is tolerated because it moves the composition even closer to the umbrella stoichiometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1277-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00130-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74383109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Doyama, A Ichida, Y Inoue, Y Kogure, T Nozaki, S Yamada
{"title":"Partial carbonization of aromatic polyimide films","authors":"M Doyama, A Ichida, Y Inoue, Y Kogure, T Nozaki, S Yamada","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00106-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00106-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Aromatic polyimide films are partially carbonized between 700 and 1000°C in an atmosphere of hydrogen or nitrogeit electrical conductivity and Hall coefficient have been measured. Electrical conductivity is higher at higher measuring temperatures. The electrical conductivity </span><em>σ</em> can be expressed as <span><math><mtext>σ=σ</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mtext>exp</mtext><mtext>(−E/kT)</mtext></math></span>, where <em>k</em> is the Boltzman constant; <em>T</em> is the absolute temperature; <em>E</em> depends upon the carbonized temperature. The experimental data show the Hall coefficient <em>R</em><sub>H</sub> is negative, and this implies the majority carriers are negatively charged, i.e. electrons. The specimens are n-type semiconductors. The carrier density <em>η</em> can be expressed by <span><math><mtext>η=A</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mtext>exp</mtext><mtext>(−E</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mtext>/kT)</mtext></math></span><span> and carrier mobility </span><em>μ</em> can be expressed by <span><math><mtext>μ=A</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mspace></mspace><mtext>exp</mtext><mtext>(E</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>/kT)</mtext></math></span>. <em>E</em>, <em>E</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>E</em><sub>2</sub> depend upon the carbonized temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1105-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00106-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81930781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation between the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of SnO2 thin film gas sensors","authors":"Andreia Lopes , Elvira Fortunato , Patrı́cia Nunes , Paula Vilarinho , Rodrigo Martins","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00160-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00160-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Hall effect measurements have been used to evaluate the conduction mechanism, exhibited by tin oxide thin film gas sensors deposited by </span>spray pyrolysis. Two experiments have been carried out: (i) Hall measurements in air and (ii) in the presence of methane (first results reported), both as a function of temperature. From the measurements performed it was possible to infer the potential barrier and its dependence with the atmosphere used. The results obtained for the carrier concentration and mobility have been analysed in the light of the oxygen diffusion mechanism at grain boundaries by using the grain boundary-trapping model. In the presence of the methane gas the electrical resistivity decreases due to the lowering of the inter-grain boundary barrier height.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1349-1351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00160-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86759415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Wong-Ng , Q. Huang , I. Levin , J.A. Kaduk , J. Dillingham , T. Haugan , J. Suh , L.P. Cook
{"title":"Crystal chemistry and phase equilibria of selected SrO–R2O3–CuOx and related systems; R=lanthanides and yttrium","authors":"W. Wong-Ng , Q. Huang , I. Levin , J.A. Kaduk , J. Dillingham , T. Haugan , J. Suh , L.P. Cook","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00133-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00133-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates and reviews the trend of phase formation and crystal chemistry of selected series of compounds in SrO–R<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–CuO<sub><em>x</em></sub> and related systems. Including in this discussion are (Ba,Sr)<sub>2</sub>RCu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6+<em>x</em></sub>, Sr<sub>2</sub>R(Cu,M)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6+<em>x</em></sub>, where M=selected representative and transition elements, (Sr,R)<sub>14</sub>Cu<sub>24</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub> (14–24), Sr<sub>2−<em>x</em></sub>R<sub>1+<em>x</em></sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub><em>x</em></sub> (212), and Sr<sub>1+<em>x</em></sub>R<sub>2+<em>x</em></sub>Cu<sub>2</sub>O<sub><em>z</em></sub> (122). The subsolidus phase relationships in systems with R=La, Nd, Dy, Ho, Y and Yb are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1283-1290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00133-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84212513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P Nekvindová , J Špirková , J Vacı́k , I Červená , V Peřina , J Schröfel
{"title":"Importance of crystal structure of the substrate for diffusion technologies of waveguides fabrication","authors":"P Nekvindová , J Špirková , J Vacı́k , I Červená , V Peřina , J Schröfel","doi":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00150-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00150-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Effect of different crystallographic structure of various substrate cuts on diffusion processes into optical crystals is demonstrated for lithium niobate and sapphire. After the low or moderate temperature diffusion processes the X-cuts, which are parallel to the </span><em>C</em><sub>3</sub><span> axis, always contained much more dopants comparing with the Z-cuts, which are oriented perpendicularly to the </span><em>C</em><sub>3</sub><span>. This has been proved for annealed proton exchange (APE) technology for fabrication of optical waveguides<span> in lithium niobate and for the moderate temperature incorporation of erbium ions into both materials. Thus the possibility of localized doping by Er</span></span><sup>3+</sup> diffusion at moderate (lower then 500°C) temperature is for the first time demonstrated for sapphire single crystal wafers. The strong anisotropy of the doping is explained on the bases of suitable orientation of the cleavage planes to the substrates surfaces in the X-cuts that allows for better penetration of the diffusing particles into the material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100700,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inorganic Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"Pages 1245-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1466-6049(01)00150-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89427728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}