{"title":"Enhanced strength reduced modulus high calcium FA geopolymer concrete containing recycled aggregate concrete and Portland cement","authors":"Athika Wongkvanklom , Patcharapol Posi , Ampol Wongsa , Yuwadee Zaetang , Wanchai Yodsudjai","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a reduced modulus high-calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete was developed as a sustainable and environmentally efficient construction material for road pavement. The recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) was used to replace natural coarse aggregate (NA) in making geopolymer concrete. The waste glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) of 2.36–4.75 mm was then added at dosages of 0–2.0 % of fly ash by weight. In the final step, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was used to replace 0–15 %fly ash to produce a low elastic modulus RCA geopolymer concrete containing GPRF and OPC. Test results showed that the RCA high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete with 1.5 %GFRP and 15 % OPC gave low elastic modulus of 16.96 GPa with high compressive strength of 41.2 MPa and flexural strength of 3.17 MPa. The RCA was incorporated for its low rigidity, GFPR for its low rigidity and contribution to strength particularly in flexure, and OPC for setting and strength development with curing at ambient temperature. The developed low elastic modulus was 56 % of that of normal OPC concrete of the same compressive strength calculated from ACI318 of 30.18 GPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rolling planning-based closed-loop supply chain logistics model under an unstable demand scenario","authors":"Md. Mohibul Islam, Md. Limonur Rahman Lingkon","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The supply chain management (SCM) network is struggling to enhance profitability while managing shorter-lived products, particularly electronic items like cell phones. This challenge arises because customers continuously upgrade to new models within a very short timeframe. As a result, maintaining an optimal inventory level in retail outlets becomes difficult to prevent stock-outs and overstock situations in a dynamic market. Furthermore, electronic waste (e-waste) increases significantly, raising additional environmental concerns. This study develops a new closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) logistics model to tackle these issues. This CLSC model is designed by integrating a new production approach known as rolling planning production schedules (RPPS). The main feature of the RPPS is that real market demands dictate the manufacturing quantity at the factory. Additionally, RPPS lead time is included in developing the proposed CLSC model, replacing simultaneous flow systems with periodic flow systems of goods from one stakeholder to its successive stages. Also, <em>K</em>-means algorithm was applied to cluster stores for efficient shipment. Afterward, a second alternative model was also developed to compare the performance of the suggested model, where a fixed production volume manufacturing approach was utilized instead of the RPPS. The findings indicate that the proposed model yields better results than the second alternative. Moreover, by adjusting the model's parameters, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to confirm the model's robustness and the reliability of the results. The sensitivity study demonstrated that the suggested model can produce consistent outcomes when a large-scale problem size and a recurrent simulation environment are employed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F.S. Hassan , W.U. Eze , R. Umunakwe , T. Oyegoke , M.I. Uzochukwu
{"title":"Physico-mechanical characterization of recycled LDPE blended with EPS as a sustainable rigid alternative to polypropylene","authors":"F.S. Hassan , W.U. Eze , R. Umunakwe , T. Oyegoke , M.I. Uzochukwu","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of plastic waste, particularly low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and expanded polystyrene (EPS or Styrofoam), presents a growing environmental challenge due to their widespread use and limited biodegradability. In resource-constrained regions like Nigeria, uncompatibilized recycling of LDPE/EPS waste offers a low-cost path to valorize plastic pollution. Addressing this issue requires innovative recycling strategies that can transform waste into valuable materials. This study developed an uncompatibilized sustainable polymer blend from post-consumer waste and investigated the physical and mechanical properties of recycled LDPE blended with EPS under resource-constrained conditions as a sustainable rigid alternative to polypropylene (PP) for static applications, though trade-offs in impact resistance were observed. In achieving this, triplicate samples were statistically validated (ANOVA, p < 0.05), LDPE/EPS blends were prepared in varying weight ratios (80/20, 75/25, 70/30, 65/35, and 60/40) using a two-roll mill and compression molding. A series of tests; density, tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, flexural strength, hardness, and impact resistance; were conducted on triplicate samples, with results expressed as mean ± standard deviation. In the study, the 60/40 blend achieved a tensile modulus of 202 MPa (surpassing PP's 179 MPa) but exhibited 39 % lower impact strength than PP (0.20 vs. 0.33 J/mm²). However, increasing EPS content reduced elongation at break, indicating increased brittleness due to EPS's rigidity, though flexural strength (23.77 MPa) remains 56 % lower than PP (53.59 MPa), restricting load-bearing use. Findings validated suitability for rigid, static applications. Beyond performance, the blend contributes to plastic waste reduction and supports circular economy initiatives by transforming problematic waste materials into functional products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Abul Hashem, Tasnim Zaman Afrin, Sumaiya Tasnim, Sasbir Rahman Sium, Md. Mukimujjaman Miem, Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin
{"title":"Trivalent chromium adsorption on activated carbon derived from biowaste: Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies","authors":"Md. Abul Hashem, Tasnim Zaman Afrin, Sumaiya Tasnim, Sasbir Rahman Sium, Md. Mukimujjaman Miem, Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The basic chromium sulfate is used in leather tanning to stabilize the collagen protein. In tanning, a large amount of trivalent chromium is released into wastewater, which harms the environment, especially aquatic bodies. This research focuses on the adsorption capacity of trivalent chromium on activated pineapple crown biowaste adsorbent (APCBA). The equipped adsorbent was characterized using an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and pHpzc (point of zero charge). A batch assessment was performed for chromium adsorption on APCBA. The trivalent chromium removal efficacy was 98.50 % at an APCBA dose of 0.5 g/50 mL wastewater for a short stirring time (15 min), with a 2 h settling at 30℃ temperature. The reductions in environmental pollutants BOD, COD, and Cl<sup>-</sup> were 62.4 %, 55.3 %, and 49.2 %, respectively. The morphological changes of pure and Cr-loaded APCBA were well documented through SEM micrographs and EDS spectra. The presence of functional groups on Cr-loaded APCBA ensures the adsorption of pollutants. The Freundlich isotherm and PSO kinetics of linear fit revealed a good fit for Cr adsorption with correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.9896 and 0.9999, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicate the reaction was exothermic and spontaneous. pHpzc assessment of APCBA represents the Cr adsorption mechanism. Therefore, the application of APCBA in wastewater treatment, especially chrome tanning wastewater, is recommended before discharging it into the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the impact of visual prompt and intervention campaign materials on waste sorting: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and a mixed-methods approach","authors":"Rakotoarisoa Maminirina Fenitra, Emenda Sembiring, Aisya Rahmania Dangkua, Zayinatun Biladiyah Al Khoeriyah","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses a mixed-methods design to examine university waste management practices, particularly waste sorting on campus. It combines quantitative surveys to assess the baseline perception of knowledge, attitude, and practice and evaluate behavioral changes and patterns among the participants, with experimental studies to examine the impact and effectiveness of the intervention materials. The data for the quantitative approach were collected in two steps: survey 1 (n = 154) and survey 2 (n = 69) participants. The 69 participants in Survey 2 also participated in the experimental study, which employed a within-subjects design. The convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data due to its practicality and efficiency. The survey found that the respondents have a high Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward waste sorting, while a gap was observed between knowledge, perception, and waste-sorting practices. Moreover, visual prompts can bridge these gaps; there was a significant improvement when visual prompts were used to assist waste sorting. Missorted waste dropped from 40.9 % at baseline (Task 1) to 10.2 % after visual prompts (Task 2), with the green bin improving most. Task 3 further reduced errors to 8.3 %, a 32.6-point decrease from baseline. Correspondingly, the observation also emphasised the effectiveness of combining visual prompts and intervention campaign materials to promote waste sorting knowledge and practices. The results of this research contribute to the current state of knowledge and guide policymakers and waste management managers in designing effective waste management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Sivakumar , R. Saravanane , S. Mohan , B. Sankar
{"title":"Biochar as a catalyst for methane enhancement in anaerobic digestor containing cow dung, food waste, and rice straw: An experimental and statistical study","authors":"P. Sivakumar , R. Saravanane , S. Mohan , B. Sankar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a growing interest in meeting the rising energy demand from a more sustainable source. Biomass energy has the potential to act as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels and help achieve net-zero emissions in the near future. This study proposes an economically feasible method to enhance biogas efficiency by co-digesting cow dung (CD), food waste (FW), rice straw (RS), with the addition of Coconut husk Bio-Char (BC). The present research aims to study the variation in the biogas yield from biochar addition by monitoring the alteration in the influential parameters such as pH, temperature, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). The biochar addition stabilized both pH and temperature due to its intrinsic properties by transforming intermediates like H<sub>2</sub>S and CO<sub>2</sub>. It also significantly increased the VFA accumulation and degradation attributed to the buffering ability of the biochar. The methane yield of blends with biochar was significantly higher than that of the blends without biochar. The mixture CD 30: FW 50:RS 20 containing biochar showed a peak methane yield of 165.08 mL. The statistical model developed using response surface methodology (RSM) predicted the methane yield with an accuracy of 99.07 % and a statistical significance level of 0.05. The accuracy of the RSM model was validated by comparing it with the existing Gompertz kinetic model. The performance evaluation error metrics, Coefficient of Correlation (R), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) results were observed to be 0.966, 0.925, and 62.89 mL/gVS, 87.24 mL/gVS for RSM model and Gompertz model, indicating the superior performance of the RSM model developed in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Huan Tan , Hwai Chyuan Ong , Raja Affendi Raja Ali , Lai Ti Gew
{"title":"Environmental and economic impact assessment of single-use laboratory plastic waste: A case study","authors":"Yi Huan Tan , Hwai Chyuan Ong , Raja Affendi Raja Ali , Lai Ti Gew","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research labs rely on disposable plastics for sterility, safety, and affordability, but their environmental and economic impact has been largely overlooked. While the impact of single-use plastics is well-known, laboratory waste poses an additional challenge due to necessary treatment processes. Hence, this study investigated both the environmental and economic impact associated with single-use plastic waste management in a university laboratory, serving as a case study for Southeast Asia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on laboratory plastic waste management between 2014 and 2023 at a Malaysian university. Three waste management methods, i.e. incineration, landfilling with microwave pre-treatment, and landfilling with ozone pre-treatment, were implemented at consecutive intervals. Environmental impact was assessed by quantifying the GHG emissions in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq) emissions, while economic assessment was evaluated based on invoiced costs. A total of 29,180.11 kg of single-use plastic waste resulted in 46,420.08 kg CO₂eq emissions and a cumulative disposal cost of RM 84,890.49. Among the three methods, landfilling with ozone pre-treatment demonstrated the lowest environmental impact (1.55 kg CO₂eq/kg) and cost (RM 2.79/kg). Direct emission from the end-of-life stage was the main source of GHG emissions, while disposal fees represented the largest portion of total costs. In light of these findings, it is crucial for universities and research institutions to recognise the environmental and economic impact of laboratory single-use plastics. This case study will serve as a foundation for advancing pre-treatment technologies and future end-of-life solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliometric analysis on sustainable waste management: Special evidence from municipal solid wastes","authors":"Md. Sohel Rana , Md. Kutub Uddin , Md. Shawan Uddin , Md. Ikbal Hossain , Md. Sohel Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of global population, coupled with industrialization, urbanization, and quickly advancing technology has significantly contributed to the escalation of environmental issues. In addition, increased manufacturing, the exploitation of natural resources, and rapid consumption all contribute to huge waste production in cities. Moreover, effective management of municipal solid waste management has become a growing environmental concern worldwide. This study reviews research on sustainable municipal solid waste management from 1994 to 2024 using performance evaluation techniques. This study employs RStudio software to conduct bibliometric analysis, using data retrieved from the Web of Science database. The primary search keywords were related to sustainable waste management with a focus on municipal solid waste management. A total of 4778 publications is found with these keywords. This study finds “Tsang Dcw” as the most dominant researcher in this field with highest publications and citations. Moreover, the country-wise analysis indicated that the United States contributed the largest number of publications, whereas China emerged as the most cited country in the field of sustainable waste management. “Journal of Cleaner Production” is identified as the journal with highest citation while “sustainability” records highest documents. The findings of this comprehensive review are expected to serve as a valuable resource for researchers that will potentially reduce the time typically required for conducting a thorough literature review. Finally, policymakers can receive a valuable viewpoint to manage solid waste in the municipality in a sustainable manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret Milani , William Bridges , Andrew Hurley , James Sternberg
{"title":"Assessing the viability of a proposed third-party reusable foodware system: An environmental and economic comparison","authors":"Margaret Milani , William Bridges , Andrew Hurley , James Sternberg","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-use plastic foodware production continues to rise despite the negative impacts it has on the environment. This continued growth is fueled by the increasing popularity of single-use plastic foodware for food service. Although previous studies have found reusable foodware to be a more environmentally, and economically, favorable alternative, the capital required to establish and maintain a reusable foodware system remains a common barrier to its implementation. This study aims to address this problem by assessing the environmental and economic viability of a proposed third-party company, equipped with an industrial dishwasher and commercial truck that could pick up and deliver reusable foodware to participating food service providers. The results of the Life Cycle Analysis revealed that the reusable foodware must be reused at least 25 times within the proposed system before having less environmental impacts in every category. The economic analysis concluded that the reusable foodware system could generate an annual profit while also saving participating food providers upwards of $0.07 per place setting. Ultimately, the third-party reusable foodware system could be an environmentally and economically favorable alternative to single-use plastic foodware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental and health risks of nanowaste as an emerging contaminant: A systematic review","authors":"H.A. Abu-Qdais , A.I. Kurbatova","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The huge production amounts and use of nanomaterials has led to the generation of an emerging type of waste stream that contains materials with nanoscale dimension and known as nanowaste. Once released into the environment, such waste can pose risks to the public health and environment. Due to their unique properties, the conventional risk assessment approaches cannot be adopted in nanowaste risk assessment, which is a serious challenge facing the regulatory process. This study conducted a systematic literature review to provide insight into the current scientific knowledge on nanowaste sources, release, pathways and the risks associated with their treatment and disposal. Data extracted from 37 articles that published during 2011–2023 was subjected to analysis following PRISMA statement. The results showed that there is an increasing trend in publications until the year 2018. Most of the published articles were from EU countries, where such articles stemmed from projects funded by the EC on Nano safety. Nanowaste may be released from point (single) and non-point (multiple) sources. Once released into the environment, nanowaste is subjected to partitioning and follow different pathways to environmental systems. The lack of regulatory requirements, standard characterization methodologies and the continuous production of new nanoproducts makes the quantification of the generated nanowaste a hard task. Such knowledge gaps increase the level of uncertainty in the risk assessment and leads to poor risk management and communication. This calls for the need in changes in the risk assessment framework of nanowaste to address their risk in a more systematic and accurate manner. Adopting stochastic modelling of the risk assessment parameters will lower the uncertainty levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}