Cleaner Waste Systems最新文献

{"title":"The effectiveness of cow manure in remediation of top soil contaminated by engine oil waste","authors":"Husnawati Yahya ,&nbsp;Abd. Mujahid Hamdan ,&nbsp;Tuti Marlina ,&nbsp;Yeggi Darnas ,&nbsp;T.M. Ashari","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engine oil waste discharged into the soil can lead to serious contamination, affecting soil health and ecosystem function. Bioremediation offers an effective solution to restore soil quality by utilizing microorganisms to degrade pollutants. Cow manure, rich in beneficial microbes and nutrients, serves as both a bioactivator and a nutrient source that supports microbial activity in degrading Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) from engine oil-contaminated soil. This study investigated the effectiveness of cow manure in the bioremediation process using six treatment variations with cow dung concentrations of 0 g, 20 g, 40 g, 60 g, 80 g, and 100 g, each mixed with 300 g of contaminated soil over a 30-day period. The results demonstrated that the treatment with 100 g of cow manure reduced TPH levels from 3.6 % to 0.2 %, achieving a degradation efficiency of 86.66 % within 30 days. Statistical analysis using a simple linear regression test confirmed that both composting time and cow dung concentration significantly influenced the reduction of TPH levels in the soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming sludge to energy: A sustainable strategy for resource recovery and environmental protection","authors":"Abas Siraj Hamda,&nbsp;Lata Deso Abo,&nbsp;Bulcha Jifara Daba,&nbsp;Arega Begna Debela","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable management of sewage sludge is a growing environmental and economic challenge, particularly in the context of rising urbanization and stringent environmental regulations. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the transformation of sewage sludge into energy, highlighting its potential as a sustainable strategy for resource recovery and environmental protection. The review begins by examining sludge characteristics, noting its rich nutrient content and high calorific value, making it a resource that can significantly contribute to energy needs and agricultural sustainability. It explores various conversion technologies applicable to sludge, such as anaerobic digestion and thermal treatment methods like pyrolysis and gasification, emphasizing their effectiveness in enhancing energy recovery while managing waste appropriately. Furthermore, the paper outlines the types of energy products derived from sewage sludge, including biogas and biofuels, and their implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from waste management systems. The feasibility of these sludge-to-energy techniques is evaluated in terms of technical, economic, and environmental factors, underscoring the importance of robust waste management strategies and favorable policy frameworks. Additionally, the environmental implications of converting sludge into energy are discussed, affirming the necessity to manage the release of contaminants and ensure that the technologies employed align with sustainability goals. In addressing innovations and emerging trends within the field, the paper identifies recent advancements in biotechnology and resource recovery methodologies that promote the circular economy. Challenges such as the presence of harmful contaminants in sludge, public perception, and regulatory hurdles are acknowledged, alongside a proposal for future research directions to enhance the viability of energy recovery from sewage sludge. Ultimately, the paper concludes by affirming that harnessing sewage sludge’s energy potential not only supports environmental conservation and resource recovery but also plays a pivotal role in meeting future energy demands sustainably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and kinetic studies of aquaculture effluent bioremediation using Chlorococcum sp.","authors":"Zubair Hashmi ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Maina Idriss ,&nbsp;Rieza Zulrian Aldio ,&nbsp;Nur Aqidah Donglah ,&nbsp;Juliana Zaini ,&nbsp;Yusuf Wibisono ,&nbsp;Muhammad Roil Bilad","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the bioremediation potential of <em>Chlorococcum sp.</em> in treating aquaculture wastewater by optimizing light intensity and nutrient concentrations to enhance biomass production and nutrients removal. Polynomial regression and kinetic models were applied to determine the optimal conditions for maximum growth and substrate uptake. The results demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with R² values of 0.997 for biomass growth, 0.980 for total nitrogen (TN) removal, 0.990 for total phosphorus (TP) removal, and 0.991 for chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction. The Monod and Michaelis-Menten models revealed substrate saturation effects, identifying an optimal light intensity range of 100–120 µmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ , beyond which photoinhibition was observed. Under optimized conditions, <em>Chlorococcum sp.</em> achieved TN, TP, and COD removal rates of 0.4639 mg/L/day, 0.0638 mg/L/day, and 5.1336–5.1967 mg/L/day, respectively. These findings establish a sustainable framework for using <em>Chlorococcum sp.</em> in aquaculture wastewater treatment, supporting circular economy principles through integrated biomass production and nutrient recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing environmental benefits through recycling glass to improve soil properties and concrete","authors":"Abderrahim Lakhouit","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the construction industry shifts towards sustainability, recycled glass is emerging as a promising alternative material for improving soil properties and enhancing concrete performance. This review synthesizes findings from 15 recent case studies, demonstrating that the integration of recycled glass in construction materials not only reduces landfill waste and conserves natural resources but also enhances structural and environmental performance. By incorporating 20 % recycled glass as a replacement for traditional aggregates in concrete, compressive strength can increase by up to 15 %, while carbon emissions are reduced by approximately 30 %. The use of finely ground glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material contributes to improved durability and chemical resistance, reducing the risk of alkali-silica reaction. In geotechnical applications, recycled glass has shown significant potential in soil stabilization, enhancing load-bearing capacity, reducing permeability, and improving resilience to environmental stressors. Laboratory studies indicate that soil mixed with 10–30 % glass particles exhibits improved shear strength and reduced settlement, making it a viable alternative for sustainable road construction and foundation materials. The review also provides a comparative analysis of different glass processing methods, including particle size variation and surface treatment, and their effects on the mechanical and chemical properties of both concrete and soil. Beyond environmental advantages, the economic benefits of recycled glass integration are substantial. The use of locally sourced recycled glass reduces material costs, lowers transportation emissions, and supports job creation in the recycling and construction industries. By promoting circular economy principles, reducing energy consumption, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, the adoption of recycled glass presents a viable pathway toward a more resilient and eco-friendlier built environment. This review highlights the need for further research and policy support to maximize the potential of recycled glass in sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material flow analysis of construction and demolition waste recycling under circular economy","authors":"Jingkuang Liu,&nbsp;Guangyi Ye,&nbsp;Piao Wu,&nbsp;Yuxuan Li,&nbsp;Jian Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of the circular economy in construction and demolition waste (C&amp;DW) recycling management is to reduce or even eliminate the dumping of C&amp;DW into landfills or incineration. It also aims to scale up the recovery, reuse and recycling of C&amp;DW and to realize the potential of recycled products from C&amp;DW to be used in new buildings. This paper takes Guangzhou City, China, as an example, and applies the material flow analysis method to establish a detailed material flow analysis framework and indicator evaluation system for the C&amp;DW recycling system. Subsequently, through the data collection of the production of C&amp;DW in Guangzhou City in 2022, this paper constructed a visualized Sankey diagram of the C&amp;DW flow, sorted out the flow and direction of the C&amp;DW flow and conducted an in-depth analysis of the evaluation indexes of the system. The study obtained a recovery rate of 39.1 % for the C&amp;DW recycling system and only 9.2 % for the C&amp;DW recycling rate. It shows that the current Guangzhou C&amp;DW recycling system is less efficient in the recycling and utilization of materials, and there exists a greater potential for value-added to the circular economy, and finally indicates the need to further study and analyze the obstacle factors in the development process of C&amp;DW recycling under the circular economy. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the formulation of policies related to the recycling of C&amp;DW under the circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-waste management in Bangladesh: Environmental impacts, health risks, and sustainable policy strategies","authors":"Md. Shafikul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Rakib Hasan ,&nbsp;Khodadad Mostakim ,&nbsp;Md. Sadman Anjum Joarder ,&nbsp;Md. Hasibul Hasan ,&nbsp;Md. Rejuan Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The management of electronic waste (e-waste) is a critical issue, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh, where infrastructure and regulatory frameworks are often inadequate. Recent estimates indicate that Bangladesh generated approximately 367 million kilograms (367,000 metric tons) of e-waste in 2024, equating to 2.2 kg per capita annually (0.006 kg/person/day), with e-waste constituting 2.3 % of municipal solid waste (MSW). Notably, shipbreaking activities—a major contributor—add an additional 2.5 million metric tons of e-waste annually, though this is often excluded from domestic estimates. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current e-waste management scenario in Bangladesh, highlighting both the environmental and health hazards associated with improper disposal practices. The study examines novel e-waste treatment technologies, including mechanochemical treatment, hydrothermal processes, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrocracking, to determine their feasibility in the region. Furthermore, it reviews e-waste components and hazardous substances, emphasizing the environmental and health impacts, particularly on vulnerable populations such as children and informal sector workers. The paper also examines existing e-waste management policies and legislation in Bangladesh, identifying gaps and suggesting improvements based on international best practices. It underscores the potential for resource recovery from e-waste, contributing to the circular economy, and discusses the economic benefits of effective e-waste management, including job creation and the development of a sustainable recycling industry. Finally, the study offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and practitioners aimed at enhancing e-waste management practices in Bangladesh, thus promoting a safer and more sustainable environment. Through this focused analysis, the paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on e-waste management and provide insights that can help bridge the gap between Bangladesh and more developed nations in terms of e-waste handling and regulatory frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste not, want not: Comprehensive valorization of fruit and vegetable waste from single-product recovery to zero-waste strategies","authors":"Somayeh Taheri ,&nbsp;Seyed Saeid Hosseini","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing volume of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) has prompted growing interest in sustainable valorization strategies. This review introduces a structured framework to assess different valorization approaches including single-product, multiple-product, and zero-waste valorization (ZWV) of FVW. In the single-product approach, selected bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, exopolysaccharides, and/or antioxidants are recovered, while the multiple-product strategy integrates co-extraction and sequential processing to enhance material utilization. The ZWV approach is presented as the most comprehensive model, aiming to eliminate final waste by combining green extraction methods, microbial bioconversion, and circular economy principles. The paper discusses both conventional and emerging extraction methods, highlights recent advances in combining extraction with fermentation, and reviews case studies demonstrating the production of compounds such as exopolysaccharides and single-cell proteins from residual biomass. Challenges related to industrial-scale implementation, including process complexity and economic feasibility, are also addressed. Furthermore, the manuscript outlines strategies for integrating ZWV across the food supply chain and emphasizes its potential environmental benefits. By providing a comparative analysis of valorization levels and a focused discussion on zero-waste implementation in the context of FVW, this study contributes a comprehensive perspective that may guide future research and industrial applications in sustainable biomass management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Millennials and Gen Z’s organic food buying intentions: A mediation and segmentation study","authors":"Peerzada Munaqib ,&nbsp;Mushtaq Ahmad Darzi ,&nbsp;Suhail Ahmad Bhat ,&nbsp;Sheikh Basharul Islam ,&nbsp;Nabila Mushtaq","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing environmental crises requires a shift in consumer behaviour towards more ecologically friendly options. Practicing organic conduct may improve psychological health. However, the desire to purchase health-conscious and ecologically friendly foods is struggling to gain traction. The study investigates the determinants shaping Millennial and Gen Z consumers intention to purchase organic food and segment them into categories based on their consumption motivation. Data from 340 Indian consumers were gathered via a structured questionnaire using a purposive sampling technique. To analyze the conceptual model and validate the hypotheses, structured equation modelling was employed. Green attitude, subjective knowledge, health consciousness and environmental concern have significant positive influence on purchase intention. Moreover, the impact of environmental concern and health consciousness on purchase intention were significantly mediated by green attitude and subjective knowledge. This study is pioneering in examining the influence of health consciousness and environmental concern on subjective knowledge towards organic food and also in examining the mediating effect of subjective knowledge in the relationship between environmental concern, health consciousness and the purchase intention of Millennials and Gen Z consumers within the Indian milieu. Further, millennials and Gen Z consumers are segmented into preventive and therapeutic consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive modelling of mechanical properties of concrete using machine learning with secondary treated waste water and fly ash","authors":"Rajiv K.N. ,&nbsp;Ramalinga Reddy Y. ,&nbsp;Shiva Kumar G ,&nbsp;Ramaraju HK (Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the utilization of secondary treated wastewater and fly ash in concrete production, focusing on modelling mechanical properties using machine learning models. Sixteen concrete mixtures were prepared with tap water and three types of secondary treated wastewater, varying the fly ash proportions (0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %). Workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were assessed for each mixture. Five machine learning models Linear Regression, LASSO Regression, Decision Tree Regression, Random Forest Regression, and Multi-Layer Perceptron were used to predict concrete's mechanical properties. The results show that M30 grade concrete can be effectively produced using secondary treated wastewater and fly ash, presenting a promising strategy for more sustainable concrete production by reducing freshwater usage and incorporating fly ash as a supplementary cementitious material. Notably, the Random Forest Regressor demonstrated superior prediction accuracy for compressive strength, outperforming the other models and proving to be an invaluable tool for optimizing concrete mix designs. Its ability to reliably predict concrete strength properties ensures higher accuracy in mix design formulation, which is critical for achieving desired performance while minimizing material waste. From a sustainability perspective, using secondary treated wastewater in concrete production significantly reduces the demand for freshwater, conserving this precious resource. Incorporating fly ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, not only enhances concrete properties but also helps divert industrial waste from landfills, reducing environmental impact. The application of machine learning models, especially the Random Forest Regressor, allows for more precise and efficient mix designs, further contributing to the sustainability of concrete production. This approach offers substantial environmental benefits by reducing water usage, promoting recycling of industrial byproducts, and improving the overall efficiency of concrete manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the community knowledge on waste management practices, drinking water source systems, and the possible implications on public health systems","authors":"Joseph Omeiza Alao ,&nbsp;Oche Joseph Otorkpa ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Ayejoto ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Saqr","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the waste management practices and drinking water source systems is essential for public health systems and the well-being of millions. However, inadequate integration of community knowledge into scientific research to effectively address environmental issues remains a great challenge. This study assessed the community knowledge on the prevalent waste management practices, drinking water source systems, and the potential associated health risks using a descriptive cross-sectional design utilizing diagnostic survey questionnaires (DSQs) and oral interviews (OIs) in villages, semi-urban, and urban areas. The study reveals that 92 % of villagers rely on potentially contaminated water sources, with 43 % drinking from open surface water and 49 % from hand-dug wells. Meanwhile, open defecation remains prevalent, with 52 % of villagers resorting to this practice. The situation worsens in urban areas, where 56 % of residents dispose of waste in open dumpsites/landfills, with no access to engineered landfills. Waste burning, a hazardous practice, is employed by 27 % of the population. The data show that 17 % of the population relies on surface water, 40 % on hand-dug wells, and 36 % on boreholes, with only 5.7 % accessing treated water. 56 % of waste is disposed of in open dumpsites/landfills, 27 % is burned, 9 % is indiscriminately dumped, and 7 % is dumped in water bodies. 18 % of the population defecates openly, 30 % use pit latrines, and 55 % rely on untreated water systems for defecation. This implies that combining community knowledge with scientific research to address environmental challenges is crucial. However, the attitude of the respondents towards waste management, drinking water sources and health risks accounts for a significant variation in respondents’ education. Effective implementation of waste management practices and provision of basic sewage infrastructural systems, coupled with adequate education, is required to protect drinking water sources, prevent pandemic diseases, and safeguard the national economy and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}