Cleaner Waste Systems最新文献

{"title":"Study on the effect of ultrafine powder prepared by coactivation of ternary industrial solid waste on concrete properties","authors":"Ya Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the dual challenges of high emissions and low utilization rates associated with industrial solid waste (ISW), this study pioneers a strategy for high-value resource recovery by developing a highly active ultrafine powder through the compounding and grinding of coal gasification slag, fly ash, and slag powder (mass ratio 2:3:5). The efficacy of this tri-component solid waste synergistic activator was evaluated by producing C50 concrete specimens with cement replacement levels of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %. Results demonstrate that while early (7-day) compressive strength decreases with increasing replacement ratio, a 10 % ratio yields superior later-age strength. Notably, the 30 % replacement ratio conferred optimal resistance to both carbonation and chloride ion penetration. Microstructural analyses (XRD, SEM) revealed that the ultrafine powder refines the pore structure of the hydration products, thereby enhancing the concrete's mechanical properties and durability. This approach presents significant potential for advancing the resource-efficient utilization of ISW and promoting green, low-carbon, and sustainable development within the construction sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green building materials in the construction sector in Ghana: A narrative review of environmental and economic viability","authors":"Kwame Anokye","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction industry in Ghana faces a critical challenge in balancing environmental sustainability with economic feasibility. This narrative review evaluates the environmental and economic viability of Green Building Materials (GBMs) using a life cycle approach. Synthesized findings from existing literature indicate that conventional building materials contribute significantly to carbon emissions, with cement production alone accounting for approximately 8 % of global CO₂ emissions. In contrast, GBMs such as compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs) and geopolymer concrete demonstrate lower embodied carbon and energy consumption. Additionally, buildings constructed with GBMs reported 26–30 % cost savings due to reduced material costs, lower maintenance, and enhanced thermal performance. Despite these benefits, the adoption of GBMs in Ghana remains constrained by high initial costs, limited market availability, and inadequate policy support. The study identifies key barriers, including the absence of financial incentives, underdeveloped supply chains, and a shortage of skilled labor. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions such as tax incentives, subsidies, local manufacturing investments, and sustainability education programs to facilitate GBM adoption. This study provides novel insights by integrating environmental impact assessments with life cycle cost analyses, bridging a critical knowledge gap in sustainable construction. This research highlights the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration to align Ghana’s construction sector with global sustainability targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to worth: How environmental accounting translates sustainability practices into organizational value","authors":"Mohammad Main Uddin ,&nbsp;M. Meherul Islam Khan ,&nbsp;Md. Tazul Islam ,&nbsp;Md. Asaduzzaman Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental accounting and reporting address public environmental issues and demonstrate a company's commitment to sustainability, which is highly susceptible to the effects of climate change, especially in Bangladesh. Despite the increasing focus on sustainability reporting, there is a lack of research on the systematic translation of specific environmental management practices into organizational value through environmental accounting and reporting. These practices include solid waste, wastewater, energy, emissions, and monitoring. Accordingly, the study's primary aim is to identify the factors that influence an organization's environmental accounting and reporting and how these factors impact its goodwill, reputation, financial performance, and environmental sustainability. After gathering the data, several discrepancies were identified in the questionnaire, and 400 participants were selected following the data-cleaning process of 450 respondents. The research employed Smart PLS (4.1.0.0) with a PLS-SEM approach. The results support most of the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, SWM has a significant influence on EAR (β = 0.128), as do WWM (β = 0.256), EC (β = 0.568), and EA (β = 0.152). However, the relationship between PIM and EAR was not statistically significant (β = 0.053, p = 0.289), indicating that internal monitoring does not always translate into external environmental disclosures. Likewise, EAR was found to significantly enhance organizational outcomes, as it positively impacts OGR (β = 0.186), OFP (β = 0.139), and OES (β = 0.586). These findings underscore the importance of environmental initiatives and transparent reporting in achieving both reputational and financial benefits, as well as sustainability benefits. This research extends the legitimacy and stakeholder theory by demonstrating how strategic environmental practices and disclosure behaviors converge to enhance corporate performance, particularly in developing country contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic carbonation pretreatment for performance enhancement and CO₂ uptake in limestone–blended cement","authors":"Sadaf Noshin ,&nbsp;Wasim Abbass ,&nbsp;Sajjad Mubin ,&nbsp;Raja Rizwan Hussain ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Hyun-Min Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High proportions of carbonated supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are needed to decarbonize the cement industry but the traditional technologies frequently negate the workability and long-term strength, constraining industry use. This research fills an important knowledge gap regarding the influence of carbonation on particle surface texture and the time when the CO₂ sequestration process starts to slow down the kinetics of hydration. A two-step carbonation pretreatment and curing method was designed to improve environmental as well as mechanical properties of cementitious pastes. Limestone powder (LP) was pretreated under 0.5 bar CO₂ pressure using a dry carbonation process after 0.5, 3 and 5 h and replaced with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 5–25 % proportions. The cementitious pastes were subjected to carbonation curing to determine CO₂ sequestration, hydration and strength development. The characterization by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and particle size analysis showed gradual conversion of portlandite to stable calcite with an increase in carbonation period. A major finding is a surface-polishing mechanism, carbonation pretreatment decreases the surface roughness of the LP particles, reducing the water adsorption and enhancing the flowability of the paste. The 5 % HCLP/3 h mixture proved to be the most effective with a 47.7 % increase in 28-day compressive strength. This has been explained by synergistic action in which nanocrystal calcite seeds from pretreatment catalyzes a heterogeneous nucleation in the later hydration and curing. On the contrary, kinetic threshold was observed to be at 5 h where excessive generation of surface carbonates results in a thick passive film that halts the hydration. Life Cycle Assessment showed a 21 % decrease in Global Warming Potential, offset by a decrease in clinker and possible use of renewable energy in precast environments. This study represents a scientifically based concept of sustainable, high-performance cementitious systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning to formalise E-waste urban mining practices: Resistance to change perspective","authors":"Amila Kasun Sampath Udage Kankanamge ,&nbsp;Michael Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie ,&nbsp;Matthew Abunyewah","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The informal e-waste sector in developing countries has evolved into a critical yet hazardous component of urban resource recovery, characterised by low-tech, unsafe, and environmentally damaging practices. Although governments increasingly promote formalisation, little is known about the micro-level resistance factors that shape informal sector employees’ reluctance to transition. This study addresses this gap by exploring the micro-level factors from the owners' and supervisors' perspectives which influence formalisation in Sri Lanka’s informal e-waste urban mining sector practices. Drawing on 27 semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions, the analysis reveals cognitive, affective, leadership, and behavioural factors that shape informal sector employees’ reluctance to transition. These interlinked factors create a self-reinforcing system that sustains informality despite clear environmental, health and economic risks. Grounded in the Resistance to Change (RTC) perspective, the study offers the first empirical examination of micro-level resistance in this context and introduces the Resistance to Change framework that explains how such resistance shapes formalisation trajectories. The findings advance current theoretical debates and provide actionable insights to support policy reforms aligned with Sri Lanka’s National Policy on Waste Management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of recycled GFRP fibers and flakes from decommissioned boats in concrete: Effects on mechanical and microstructural properties","authors":"Edbert R. Lumbantobing,&nbsp;Mitsuyasu Iwanami","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) across various industries, including boat construction, has resulted in significant waste accumulation. This study expands the application of recycled GFRP in concrete to include flakes, a form not previously explored, alongside fibers. By investigating fibers, flakes, and a hybrid fiber-flake group, this study aims to increase the usable fraction of recycled GFRP in concrete. The effects of recycled GFRP from decommissioned boat hulls on the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting tensile strength of concrete were evaluated. Microstructural characteristics were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Incorporating recycled GFRP fibers or hybrid fiber-flake particles enhanced the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of concrete due to fiber bridging, whereas the use of flakes reduced these properties because their geometry and surface characteristics limit effective bonding. At a 2 % volume fraction, fibers increased compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting tensile strength by 17.8 %, 6.4 %, and 21.6 %, while flakes decreased these properties by 5.5 %, 4.2 %, and 8.4 %, respectively. MIP results showed that flake incorporation led to higher total pore volume and coarser pore structures, consistent with the interfacial defects leading to weaker bonding observed in SEM images, which together explain the reduction in mechanical performance. Although flakes reduced performance, the hybrid group indicated that combining fibers and flakes could accommodate higher recycled GFRP volumes and support more effective and sustainable recycling applications in concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorisation of fermented hatchery residues through black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) bioconversion","authors":"Mariève Dallaire-Lamontagne ,&nbsp;Linda Saucier ,&nbsp;Martha Paola Rivera Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Mahamoudou Koné ,&nbsp;Fanny Gallant ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Allard Prus ,&nbsp;Jérémy Lavoie ,&nbsp;Grant W. Vandenberg ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Deschamps","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bioconversion of hatchery residues (HR; unmarketable chicks, eggs and eggshells) by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offers an alternative to conventional rendering. Fermentation of HR improves microbiological quality and odours but results in carbohydrate-deficient diets. This study assessed the potential of BSFL to bioconvert fermented and unfermented HR diets and evaluated the impact on resulting larvae and frass. Diets included a control (Gainesville), unfermented HR, and fermented HR (14 days, 0.3 % ferment, 25 % lactose, dry basis), with or without 13 % potato residues (dry basis) as a carbohydrate source. The BSFL (n = 800 5-day post-eclosion neonates) were reared in triplicate per treatment (0.6 g dry diet/larva). Microbiological analyses were performed on diets, larvae, and frass. Yield and bioconversion rate were significantly lower for unfermented (60 ± 7 g; 5 %) and fermented HR (19 ± 4 g; 2 %) than for the control (209 ± 18 g; 14 %). Fermentation effectively reduced initial coliform loads to values (&lt; 2 log cfu/g) below those of the control (4 log cfu/g) and unfermented HR (5 log cfu/g) but failed to control spore-forming <em>Clostridium</em> spp. (8 log cfu/g in diets; 9 log cfu/g in larvae). Larvae and frass from the control exhibited higher contamination with <em>Salmonella</em> spp. and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (4–5 log cfu/g) than those from unfermented HR (3 log cfu/g). These findings indicate that HR can support BSFL rearing, though further composition and texture optimisation is required. While fermentation enhances initial substrate quality, post-harvest treatments of larvae remain essential to ensure microbial safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The role of technology, management skills, and policy capacity in enhancing enterprise catch-up performance: A comparative study\"","authors":"Biao Luo,&nbsp;Muhammad Hasan Makhdomzada","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technological catch-up is a complex process influenced through technology(TC), management skills(MS), market(MR) and policy capacity (PC). in enhancing enterprise CUP.</div><div>The research aims to understand how TC, MS, EN and PC jointly influence the CUP of latecomer enterprises. It seeks to bridge the gap in existing literature by examining the interplay of these factors across different institutional and industrial contexts.</div><div>A comparative study was conducted in China and South Korea, focusing on large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. 467 Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to participants (350 in China and 250 in South Korea), resulting in a response rate of approximately 91 %. The study employed PLS-SEM and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) to test and analyze the hypotheses.</div><div>Employing PLS-SEM and MGA on a comparison sample of 467 manufacturing businesses from China and South Korea, the study reveals that TC substantially boosts MS, EN, MR, and PC. MS, EN, and MR consistently mediate the TC → CUP link in both nations, but PC considerably mediates TC → CUP in China, although not in South Korea, underscoring how governments vs market-driven institutional frameworks influence the efficacy of policy as a mechanism for technological advancement. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power (R² = 0.647).</div><div>This study combines the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Technology Catch-Up Theory (TCUT) into a multi-mediator paradigm that links firm-level dynamic resources to institutional catch-up channels. TC, MS, and EN are internal RBV resources, while MR and PC are contextual TCUT channels. This model provides insight into how technology investments lead to CUP and examines institutional context. These findings offer practical insights for managers and policymakers aiming to boost enterprise performance across varied economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and performance analysis of leather trimming waste incorporated graphene-based composite (UPR-GO-LTW) for the removal of dye from aquatic media: A waste valorization approach","authors":"Sobur Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sahidul Islam ,&nbsp;Fatema-Tuj Zohra","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research tackles the environmental issue of dye pollution in aquatic media, which is a significant concern due to the toxic and persistent nature of synthetic dyes. In this research, a novel composite such as, unsaturated polyester resin-graphene oxide-leather trimming waste (UPR-GO-LTW) was developed by incorporating leather trimming waste (LTW) into a graphene based polymer matrix. This composite offers an effective, sustainable, and low-cost solution for removing harmful dyes from wastewater and becomes vital to align with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts. The integration of LTW valorizes industrial waste and enhances the adsorption properties of the composite. Different analytical techniques were employed to reveal the structural, morphological, and chemical attributes of the composite. The ability of developed adsorbent was studied under various parameters viz. pH, dose, contact time, concentration and temperature to remove C.I. acid violet 54 (AV54) dye from synthetic solution. The composite was characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX, and FESEM to confirm its effective synthesis. The XRD results revealed that developed composite was amorphous. The optimum pH, dose, contact time, and temperature for maximum dye removal were of 3.0, 1.0 g/L, 120 min, and 318 K, respectively. The isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied to find the adsorption mechanism. The experimental coefficient value, R² = 0.993 of Freundlich isotherm indicating heterogeneous adsorption. The maximum capacity of UPR-GO-LTW composite was 67.11 mg/g at its optimum pH 3.0. The study also revealed that AV54 dye adsorption was endothermic, physical, spontaneous, and practicable at higher temperature as the value of enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) were 54.47, 1.90 and (-2.0449 to −7.3350) kJ/mol, respectively. The study concluded that a plenty of devoid leather trimming waste can be effectively consumed for production of valuable composite that has huge potential to remove dye from leather dyeing effluents to mitigate water pollution besides reduction of solid waste accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete for low-carbon breakwater systems","authors":"K.K.Deeshani Akushla Wijesekara,&nbsp;Monower Sadique,&nbsp;Iacopo Carnacina,&nbsp;Veronica Torres De Sande,&nbsp;Ban Al-Hasani","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving circularity in the construction through the use of geopolymer concrete requires sustainable alternatives to natural virgin aggregates specially in the case of mass concrete application. However, the application of recycled aggregate (RA) in manufacturing concrete breakwaters for aggressive marine environments remains largely unexplored. A significant gap exists in comprehensive data regarding their long-term durability, leaching behavior, and mechanical performance under real-world coastal conditions. This study investigates the leaching behaviour and durability performance of a fly ash–GGBS-based geopolymer incorporating 100 % RA and compared against conventional cement and natural virgin aggregate based concrete, targeting sustainable applications in coastal breakwater structures. Key parameters evaluated include compressive strength, porosity, chloride ion migration, electrical resistivity, and the leachability of metal ions under both freshwater and seawater exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>demonstrate that the cement-free RA-based geopolymer mix not only achieves comparable or superior durability, with up to 82 % improved chloride migration resistance, but also maintains low metal ion leaching well below regulatory limits in saline conditions compared to conventional OPC-based concrete. Despite a reduction in strength relative to the natural aggregate (NA)-based geopolymer, the RA-based mix achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 38.9 MPa, exceeding the 35.6 MPa of conventional OPC concrete, and exhibited significantly greater strength gain over time. The leaching behaviour of geopolymer concrete under simulated marine conditions was also revealed. Reduced porosity and enhanced microstructure further contributed to its durability highlighted the material’s viability as a durable, low-carbon alternative for marine infrastructure, supporting circular economy practices and advancing the decarbonization of coastal construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}