Cleaner Waste Systems最新文献

{"title":"Valorization of recycled GFRP fibers and flakes from decommissioned boats in concrete: Effects on mechanical and microstructural properties","authors":"Edbert R. Lumbantobing,&nbsp;Mitsuyasu Iwanami","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) across various industries, including boat construction, has resulted in significant waste accumulation. This study expands the application of recycled GFRP in concrete to include flakes, a form not previously explored, alongside fibers. By investigating fibers, flakes, and a hybrid fiber-flake group, this study aims to increase the usable fraction of recycled GFRP in concrete. The effects of recycled GFRP from decommissioned boat hulls on the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting tensile strength of concrete were evaluated. Microstructural characteristics were analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Incorporating recycled GFRP fibers or hybrid fiber-flake particles enhanced the compressive and splitting tensile strengths of concrete due to fiber bridging, whereas the use of flakes reduced these properties because their geometry and surface characteristics limit effective bonding. At a 2 % volume fraction, fibers increased compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting tensile strength by 17.8 %, 6.4 %, and 21.6 %, while flakes decreased these properties by 5.5 %, 4.2 %, and 8.4 %, respectively. MIP results showed that flake incorporation led to higher total pore volume and coarser pore structures, consistent with the interfacial defects leading to weaker bonding observed in SEM images, which together explain the reduction in mechanical performance. Although flakes reduced performance, the hybrid group indicated that combining fibers and flakes could accommodate higher recycled GFRP volumes and support more effective and sustainable recycling applications in concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorisation of fermented hatchery residues through black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) bioconversion","authors":"Mariève Dallaire-Lamontagne ,&nbsp;Linda Saucier ,&nbsp;Martha Paola Rivera Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Mahamoudou Koné ,&nbsp;Fanny Gallant ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Allard Prus ,&nbsp;Jérémy Lavoie ,&nbsp;Grant W. Vandenberg ,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Deschamps","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bioconversion of hatchery residues (HR; unmarketable chicks, eggs and eggshells) by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) offers an alternative to conventional rendering. Fermentation of HR improves microbiological quality and odours but results in carbohydrate-deficient diets. This study assessed the potential of BSFL to bioconvert fermented and unfermented HR diets and evaluated the impact on resulting larvae and frass. Diets included a control (Gainesville), unfermented HR, and fermented HR (14 days, 0.3 % ferment, 25 % lactose, dry basis), with or without 13 % potato residues (dry basis) as a carbohydrate source. The BSFL (n = 800 5-day post-eclosion neonates) were reared in triplicate per treatment (0.6 g dry diet/larva). Microbiological analyses were performed on diets, larvae, and frass. Yield and bioconversion rate were significantly lower for unfermented (60 ± 7 g; 5 %) and fermented HR (19 ± 4 g; 2 %) than for the control (209 ± 18 g; 14 %). Fermentation effectively reduced initial coliform loads to values (&lt; 2 log cfu/g) below those of the control (4 log cfu/g) and unfermented HR (5 log cfu/g) but failed to control spore-forming <em>Clostridium</em> spp. (8 log cfu/g in diets; 9 log cfu/g in larvae). Larvae and frass from the control exhibited higher contamination with <em>Salmonella</em> spp. and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (4–5 log cfu/g) than those from unfermented HR (3 log cfu/g). These findings indicate that HR can support BSFL rearing, though further composition and texture optimisation is required. While fermentation enhances initial substrate quality, post-harvest treatments of larvae remain essential to ensure microbial safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The role of technology, management skills, and policy capacity in enhancing enterprise catch-up performance: A comparative study\"","authors":"Biao Luo,&nbsp;Muhammad Hasan Makhdomzada","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technological catch-up is a complex process influenced through technology(TC), management skills(MS), market(MR) and policy capacity (PC). in enhancing enterprise CUP.</div><div>The research aims to understand how TC, MS, EN and PC jointly influence the CUP of latecomer enterprises. It seeks to bridge the gap in existing literature by examining the interplay of these factors across different institutional and industrial contexts.</div><div>A comparative study was conducted in China and South Korea, focusing on large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. 467 Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to participants (350 in China and 250 in South Korea), resulting in a response rate of approximately 91 %. The study employed PLS-SEM and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) to test and analyze the hypotheses.</div><div>Employing PLS-SEM and MGA on a comparison sample of 467 manufacturing businesses from China and South Korea, the study reveals that TC substantially boosts MS, EN, MR, and PC. MS, EN, and MR consistently mediate the TC → CUP link in both nations, but PC considerably mediates TC → CUP in China, although not in South Korea, underscoring how governments vs market-driven institutional frameworks influence the efficacy of policy as a mechanism for technological advancement. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power (R² = 0.647).</div><div>This study combines the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Technology Catch-Up Theory (TCUT) into a multi-mediator paradigm that links firm-level dynamic resources to institutional catch-up channels. TC, MS, and EN are internal RBV resources, while MR and PC are contextual TCUT channels. This model provides insight into how technology investments lead to CUP and examines institutional context. These findings offer practical insights for managers and policymakers aiming to boost enterprise performance across varied economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic carbonation pretreatment for performance enhancement and CO₂ uptake in limestone–blended cement","authors":"Sadaf Noshin ,&nbsp;Wasim Abbass ,&nbsp;Sajjad Mubin ,&nbsp;Raja Rizwan Hussain ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Hyun-Min Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High proportions of carbonated supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are needed to decarbonize the cement industry but the traditional technologies frequently negate the workability and long-term strength, constraining industry use. This research fills an important knowledge gap regarding the influence of carbonation on particle surface texture and the time when the CO₂ sequestration process starts to slow down the kinetics of hydration. A two-step carbonation pretreatment and curing method was designed to improve environmental as well as mechanical properties of cementitious pastes. Limestone powder (LP) was pretreated under 0.5 bar CO₂ pressure using a dry carbonation process after 0.5, 3 and 5 h and replaced with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 5–25 % proportions. The cementitious pastes were subjected to carbonation curing to determine CO₂ sequestration, hydration and strength development. The characterization by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and particle size analysis showed gradual conversion of portlandite to stable calcite with an increase in carbonation period. A major finding is a surface-polishing mechanism, carbonation pretreatment decreases the surface roughness of the LP particles, reducing the water adsorption and enhancing the flowability of the paste. The 5 % HCLP/3 h mixture proved to be the most effective with a 47.7 % increase in 28-day compressive strength. This has been explained by synergistic action in which nanocrystal calcite seeds from pretreatment catalyzes a heterogeneous nucleation in the later hydration and curing. On the contrary, kinetic threshold was observed to be at 5 h where excessive generation of surface carbonates results in a thick passive film that halts the hydration. Life Cycle Assessment showed a 21 % decrease in Global Warming Potential, offset by a decrease in clinker and possible use of renewable energy in precast environments. This study represents a scientifically based concept of sustainable, high-performance cementitious systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of recycled aggregate geopolymer concrete for low-carbon breakwater systems","authors":"K.K.Deeshani Akushla Wijesekara,&nbsp;Monower Sadique,&nbsp;Iacopo Carnacina,&nbsp;Veronica Torres De Sande,&nbsp;Ban Al-Hasani","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving circularity in the construction through the use of geopolymer concrete requires sustainable alternatives to natural virgin aggregates specially in the case of mass concrete application. However, the application of recycled aggregate (RA) in manufacturing concrete breakwaters for aggressive marine environments remains largely unexplored. A significant gap exists in comprehensive data regarding their long-term durability, leaching behavior, and mechanical performance under real-world coastal conditions. This study investigates the leaching behaviour and durability performance of a fly ash–GGBS-based geopolymer incorporating 100 % RA and compared against conventional cement and natural virgin aggregate based concrete, targeting sustainable applications in coastal breakwater structures. Key parameters evaluated include compressive strength, porosity, chloride ion migration, electrical resistivity, and the leachability of metal ions under both freshwater and seawater exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>demonstrate that the cement-free RA-based geopolymer mix not only achieves comparable or superior durability, with up to 82 % improved chloride migration resistance, but also maintains low metal ion leaching well below regulatory limits in saline conditions compared to conventional OPC-based concrete. Despite a reduction in strength relative to the natural aggregate (NA)-based geopolymer, the RA-based mix achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 38.9 MPa, exceeding the 35.6 MPa of conventional OPC concrete, and exhibited significantly greater strength gain over time. The leaching behaviour of geopolymer concrete under simulated marine conditions was also revealed. Reduced porosity and enhanced microstructure further contributed to its durability highlighted the material’s viability as a durable, low-carbon alternative for marine infrastructure, supporting circular economy practices and advancing the decarbonization of coastal construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards cleaner semiconductor packaging: Life cycle assessment of material and location decisions on carbon and water scarcity footprints","authors":"Ali Ouattara ,&nbsp;Chen Chuan Lin ,&nbsp;Jia-Yi Thum ,&nbsp;Chien-Hung Kuo ,&nbsp;Lance Hongwei Huang ,&nbsp;Allen H. Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semiconductor devices drive technological innovation needed for the transition toward more sustainable systems; however, their manufacturing entails significant environmental burdens, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water scarcity. This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of two major semiconductor packaging types, Lead Frame (LF) and Flip Chip (FC), using gold (Au) or copper (Cu) bonding wires. Carbon footprint (CF) and water scarcity footprint (WSF) are quantified in accordance with ISO 14067 and ISO 14046, respectively, using the ReCiPe and AWARE methods, with a functional unit of 1 mm³ . Results indicate that FC-Au wire has the highest CF <strong>(</strong>2.72E-03 kgCO₂eq) and overall environmental impact (2.43E-04 Pt), driven mainly by electricity consumption and upstream raw material production. The same configuration exhibits the highest water use (3.62 E-03 m³), and a WSF evaluated at 2.49 E-03 m³ world-eq. Incorporating regional water scarcity data reduces WSF values by up to 71.19 %, noting the importance of spatial resolution. An alternative assessment with a FU of one piece confirms this trend. Cu-based packaging represents a more sustainable alternative to Au-based packaging, exhibiting significantly lower environmental impacts and water scarcity burdens. These results provide actionable insights for material selection and for identifying sustainable manufacturing locations, particularly in regions such as Japan and Malaysia, within the semiconductor industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Have we engineered adsorbents for obsolescence? A critical mandate for regeneration in the age of perpetual pollution","authors":"Rich Jhon Paul Latiza ,&nbsp;Rugi Vicente Rubi ,&nbsp;Reibelle Raguindin","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar is widely promoted as a sustainable solution for pharmaceutical water treatment, yet its environmental value depends entirely on a capability that is frequently assumed but rarely proven: long-term regenerability. This study challenges the prevailing single-use paradigm by quantifying the durability and methodological rigor of contemporary biochar research. Through a systematic review of 258 studies (2021–2025), we identified a final cohort of 57 experimental papers (N = 147 datasets). The review exposes a critical blind spot: 60 % of high-quality studies completely omit experimental regeneration data. For the 34 studies that did report cycling metrics, we performed a random-effects meta-analysis to establish the field’s first quantitative benchmark for durability. The results reveal a pooled mean performance loss of 29.8 % (95 % CI: 21.1 %–38.4 %) over an average of just five cycles. Subgroup analysis identified the regeneration mechanism as the primary driver of heterogeneity (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>=99.3 %); notably, thermal regeneration proved superior (6.7 % loss) to the widely used solvent washing methods (36.2 % loss). Methodological assessment further reveals that 85 % of studies fail to account for the secondary waste generated during regeneration. To bridge this gap between academic claims and engineering reality, we propose the “Minimum Information for Adsorbent Regeneration” (MIAR) guidelines, mandating the reporting of secondary waste, energy inputs, and statistical durability in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of rice husk and coconut coir-based green desiccants toward industrial moisture control applications","authors":"Ajay P.D ,&nbsp;Ganesha A ,&nbsp;Girish H ,&nbsp;Nitesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Shiva Kumar ,&nbsp;Sampath Suranjan Salins","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural waste materials such as rice husk and coconut coir offer eco-friendly, low-cost alternatives to conventional desiccants. This study evaluates their potential for moisture control applications following nitric acid (4 N HNO₃) treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that acid treatment significantly increased porosity from 34.95 % to 53.13 % in rice husk and from 39.72 % to 52.90 % in coconut coir. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed enhanced hydroxyl group availability, with treated rice husk showing 1.61-fold higher O-H peak intensity compared to untreated samples. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated substantially lower regeneration temperatures: 150 °C for rice husk and 118 °C for coconut coir, compared to conventional desiccants (silica gel: 120–180 °C; zeolites: 200–400 °C). Moisture adsorption testing at 75 % relative humidity showed treated rice husk achieved 48.2 g (100 g)⁻¹ capacity while treated coconut coir reached 57.0 g (100 g)⁻¹, both exceeding silica gel (35–40 g (100 g)⁻¹ Rice husk exhibited superior thermal stability (up to 542 °C) and durability, making it ideal for high-temperature industrial applications, while coconut coir demonstrated faster regeneration kinetics suitable for energy-efficient systems. A Figure of Merit integrating adsorption capacity, regeneration time, and temperature (0.321–0.322 g/100 g/h/°C) confirms their competitive performance. These findings establish that acid-treated agricultural waste is a viable, sustainable desiccant with promise for future industrial moisture control, air conditioning, and food preservation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure time risk assessment for filtered tailings facilities generating acid mine drainage","authors":"Corentin Chevalier ,&nbsp;Nelson Morales Varela ,&nbsp;Isabelle Demers","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2026.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailings filtration reduces the geotechnical risks of tailings storage facilities by minimizing water management requirements compared to conventional tailings stored as slurry. However, prolonged exposure of sulfide tailings to the atmosphere may increase geochemical risks by generating acid mine drainage. This study identifies the main risks associated with prolonged exposure of acid generating filtered tailings through both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. A workshop was conducted in collaboration with sector experts from two mining sites with filtered stockpiles. Results indicate that deposition may be delayed due to operational geotechnical constraints, and reclamation work were identified as the most critical stage regarding tailings exposure time. Additionally, a quantitative risk assessment was performed using site production data, material properties, and various deposition scenarios to estimate the time required for sufficient tailings cover to reduce oxygen flux. Quantitative risk assessments can help determine the parameters most susceptible to prolonged exposure, enabling the optimization of stockpile design to mitigate risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and performance analysis of leather trimming waste incorporated graphene-based composite (UPR-GO-LTW) for the removal of dye from aquatic media: A waste valorization approach","authors":"Sobur Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sahidul Islam ,&nbsp;Fatema-Tuj Zohra","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research tackles the environmental issue of dye pollution in aquatic media, which is a significant concern due to the toxic and persistent nature of synthetic dyes. In this research, a novel composite such as, unsaturated polyester resin-graphene oxide-leather trimming waste (UPR-GO-LTW) was developed by incorporating leather trimming waste (LTW) into a graphene based polymer matrix. This composite offers an effective, sustainable, and low-cost solution for removing harmful dyes from wastewater and becomes vital to align with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and mitigate the adverse environmental and social impacts. The integration of LTW valorizes industrial waste and enhances the adsorption properties of the composite. Different analytical techniques were employed to reveal the structural, morphological, and chemical attributes of the composite. The ability of developed adsorbent was studied under various parameters viz. pH, dose, contact time, concentration and temperature to remove C.I. acid violet 54 (AV54) dye from synthetic solution. The composite was characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX, and FESEM to confirm its effective synthesis. The XRD results revealed that developed composite was amorphous. The optimum pH, dose, contact time, and temperature for maximum dye removal were of 3.0, 1.0 g/L, 120 min, and 318 K, respectively. The isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied to find the adsorption mechanism. The experimental coefficient value, R² = 0.993 of Freundlich isotherm indicating heterogeneous adsorption. The maximum capacity of UPR-GO-LTW composite was 67.11 mg/g at its optimum pH 3.0. The study also revealed that AV54 dye adsorption was endothermic, physical, spontaneous, and practicable at higher temperature as the value of enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) were 54.47, 1.90 and (-2.0449 to −7.3350) kJ/mol, respectively. The study concluded that a plenty of devoid leather trimming waste can be effectively consumed for production of valuable composite that has huge potential to remove dye from leather dyeing effluents to mitigate water pollution besides reduction of solid waste accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}