Cleaner Waste Systems最新文献

{"title":"Wood waste reduction through volumetric modular building techniques","authors":"Catherine E. Bond ,&nbsp;John Killingsworth ,&nbsp;Jonathan W. Elliott ,&nbsp;Zachary Schaller ,&nbsp;Steven Conrad","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2018, the United States’ construction and demolition sector produced 41 million tons of wood waste, 73 % of which went to landfills. Transitioning to a circular economy is one way to reduce organic construction waste in landfills and, therefore, reduce methane emissions. Modular construction techniques present one approach to advance circular economy in construction. This study examines whether volumetric modular construction produces less wood framing waste than traditional site-built construction. Using a comparative case study method, researchers found that the controlled factory environment of volumetric modular construction allowed for substantially increased wood waste aversion and diversion over traditional site-built construction. Our findings suggest wood waste savings of 32 % and an 88–91 % reduction in waste that went to the landfill. Even allowing for differences in measurement accuracy and the inferential limitations of case studies, our results provide new evidence regarding the relative efficiency and environmental impact of volumetric modular construction. Further, this study highlights that modular construction techniques intrinsically support the aims of a circular economy through elimination of waste through superior design and systems. While this study focused on wood materials within a given industry sector and region, opportunities for further research to expand this study through the investigation of other materials within the off-site construction industry exist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on site selection of municipal solid waste landfill based on FAHP and FTOPSIS techniques in Barsat Municipality Area, West Bengal, India","authors":"Sanjib Majumder ,&nbsp;Ruqaiya Fatma","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, India has experienced a dramatic rise in waste generation due to rapid urbanization coupled with economic growth and higher consumption patterns. Thus, finding an ideal site to dump a city’s solid waste is crucial for managing waste in growing urban areas (e.g., ULBs, Class I and II Cities). In this study, ideal municipal solid waste landfill sites were delineated in Barasat Municipality Area (BMA) using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) model. As output, 8 ideal solid waste landfill sites were identified which were further assessed based on expert’s views and post-analysis field observation. Finally, sites 1b and 7 were selected as the most ideal for proposing new waste landfill locations in Barasat Municipality Area (BMA). The outcomes from this study will help local authorities make informed decisions about planning, choosing the best locations for waste landfills in the near future and sustainable waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Smart Marine Debris Management System for a sustainable coastal city: An IoT-based application","authors":"Naratorn Sangprasert,&nbsp;Keerati Inthavisas","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine debris poses a significant environmental challenge, particularly in developing coastal regions. This study presents an innovative IoT-based marine debris management system aimed at addressing the limitations of traditional waste management practices. The system integrates components such as ultrasonic sensors, imaging devices, Global Positioning System (GPS), and microcontrollers to enable real-time monitoring, automated alerts, and geolocation tracking of marine debris. Field trials conducted in coastal regions of Thailand demonstrate the system’s capability to enhance operational efficiency by reducing manpower, optimizing waste collection processes, and minimizing costs. The prototype is cost-effective, scalable, and adaptable, making it particularly suitable for deployment in developing countries with limited resources. Despite limitations such as reliance on solar power and sensor performance in adverse weather conditions, the system’s design shows promising potential for integration with existing waste management frameworks. Future improvements, including the incorporation of artificial intelligence for predictive analytics and debris classification, could further strengthen its role in supporting sustainable coastal urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of natural asphalt using waste-derived modifiers: Sugarcane molasses and waste engine oil","authors":"Amjad H. Albayati ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Mazen J. Al-Kheetan ,&nbsp;Aliaa F. Al-ani ,&nbsp;Nazar K. Oukaili ,&nbsp;Mustafa M. Moudhafar ,&nbsp;Mayank Sukhija ,&nbsp;Yazeed S. Jweihan ,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Ghaffar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance asphalt binders has prompted the exploration of waste-derived modifiers. This study investigates the performance enhancement of Natural Asphalt (NA) using Sugarcane Molasses (SM) and Waste Engine Oil (WEO). The modified blends were prepared by partially replacing 50 % NA with varying proportions of SM and WEO ranging from 10 % to 40 % of the total weight of NA. Comprehensive testing was conducted, including penetration, softening point, ductility, viscosity, Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that modified blends with a high WEO content significantly increased fluidity, reducing rotational viscosity by up to 91 % for the blend with 40 % WEO and 10 % SM at 135 °C. Conversely, higher SM content increased stiffness, as seen in the blend with 40 % SM and 10 % WEO, with penetration values rising by 305 % compared to unmodified NA. Rheological testing showed that the 40 % SM and 10 % WEO blend achieved the highest rutting resistance with a Performance Grade (PG) of 88 °C, while the 40 % WEO and 10 % SM blend exhibited the best fatigue resistance with a 55 % reduction in G* .sinδ. Low-temperature performance was significantly improved across all blends, with the 40 % WEO and 10 % SM blend achieving the lowest creep stiffness and highest m-value, ensuring superior thermal cracking resistance. Chemical analysis revealed increased oxygen content (18.6 %) and reduced sulfur content (60 %) in the 40 % SM and 10 % WEO blend, indicating enhanced oxidation resistance. SEM analysis confirmed the development of dense morphology in the 40 % SM and 10 % WEO blend, correlating with superior structural integrity. Grey decision analysis identified the 40 % SM and 10 % WEO blend as the optimal blend with the lowest bull’s-eye distance, reflecting balanced performance across all parameters. These findings highlight the complementary effects of SM and WEO in enhancing the performance of NA, with the 40 % SM and 10 % WEO blend emerging as the most promising blend for bio-asphalt applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of heavy metal uptake by lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under synthetic wastewater irrigation using adsorbents for soil amendment","authors":"Clement Gbaal Letey ,&nbsp;Felix Kofi Abagale ,&nbsp;Richard Agyemang Osei","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many developing countries across the globe have adopted the use of wastewater for irrigation due to the scarcity of fresh water resources coupled with high demand for food for the growing population. Agricultural soils are contaminated with toxic metals such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by wastewater irrigation leading to the uptake of the metals by plants. In this study, shea nut shell biochar, groundnut shell biochar, raw shea nut shell, and raw groundnut shell adsorbents were amended with soil to reduce the uptake of Pb and Cd by lettuce grown under wastewater irrigation. Two particle sizes of each adsorbent; &lt; 5 mm and &gt; 5 mm each was added to the soil at ratios of 1:2 and 1:5. The plants were grown for 52 days and irrigated with synthetic wastewater for 38 days before harvesting. There was a significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) in the concentration of Pb and Cd in the tissues of lettuce and soil among treatments. Treatment with a 1:2 (biochar to soil) recorded the lowest concentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil and lettuce. The concentration of Pb and Cd in the soil ranged from 0.64 ± 0.0025 mg/kg to 1.99 ± 0.0025 mg/kg and 0.12 ± 0.001 mg/kg to 0.27 ± 0.0185 mg/kg respectively. &lt; 5 mm shea nut shell biochar at a ratio of 1:2 treated soils recorded the lowest concentrations of Pb and Cd, whereas the highest concentrations were recorded in the control. The concentration of Pb and Cd accumulated in the lettuce ranged from 2.25 ± 0.023 mg/kg to 3.58 ± 0.005 mg/kg and 0.14 ± 0.002 mg/kg to 0.26 ± 0.003 mg/kg respectively. Generally, the reduction of both metals in the soil and lettuce was in the order of shea nut shell biochar &gt; groundnut shell biochar &gt; raw groundnut shell &gt; raw shea nut shell &gt; Control. The health risk assessment indicated that the daily intake of metals for both Pb and Cd for both adults and children was below the recommended limits. The values of health risk index and target hazard quotient were &lt; 1. It is thus recommended that, to reduce Pb and Cd contamination in soils, &lt; 5 mm shea nut shell biochar should be used at a ratio of 1:2 to reduce heavy metal uptake by plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical approach to designing a circular waste management system","authors":"Paria Fakhrzad ,&nbsp;Manish Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing generation of medical waste, driven by higher consumption levels, changing lifestyles, and natural disasters, threatens both the environment and human health. Medical waste from healthcare centers is particularly concerning due to its hazardous nature, necessitating effective management strategies. This study addresses key challenges in Medical Waste Management Systems (MWMS), including fluctuating waste generation, diverse waste types, incompatible handling practices, container and truck management, and the need for sustainable circular waste management. To tackle these issues, we developed a two-stage Stochastic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to optimize MWMS network design. The model incorporates revenue generation from recycling, Waste-to-Energy (WTE) conversion, and container reuse while minimizing costs and environmental impacts. The model’s robustness is enhanced through data-driven parameter estimation, treatment technology selection, and revenue forecasting. To efficiently address the computational complexities associated with large-scale stochastic optimization, we employed a combination of the Sample Average Approximation (SAA) technique and a novel Hybrid algorithm that integrates deterministic optimization with metaheuristic methods, enhancing solution robustness and scalability. The model’s efficacy was validated through a case study in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where results demonstrated a 90.5 % reduction in computational time and a 56.7 % reduction in binary variables compared to the original model. The optimized solution achieved an annual waste disposal capacity of 300,000 tons, with an average revenue of $55 million, including $24.1 million from waste disposal, $17.1 million from recycled products and electricity, and $12.3 million from container reuse. Additionally, the network design reduced operational costs to $29.6 million and transportation costs to $6.4 million. This research contributes to the field by addressing gaps related to waste-to-container compatibility, revenue generation from reused materials, and uncertainty management. Future work may focus on enhancing predictive models for waste generation, integrating real-time data analytics, and expanding the framework to other regions with diverse waste management challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and characterization of thermally modified biowaste-derived hydrochars for slow-release fertilizer for alkaline soil reclamation","authors":"Karan Sathish,&nbsp;Shweta Saraswat","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global biowaste generation is increasing, posing environmental and health risks, while offering opportunities for resource recovery, particularly through bioenergy and soil enhancement. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties, structural modifications, and urea sorption capacity of hydrochars derived from wheat straw (WS), fruit peels and pulps (PP), and sewage sludge (SS) under hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at 180°C, 220°C, and 260°C with a 1-hour retention time. The goal is to identify the optimal feedstock and HTC temperature for slow-release fertilizers in alkaline soil reclamation. Proximate analysis showed that WS and PP hydrochars at 260°C were most suitable for soil applications due to their high fixed carbon (FC) and ash content (AC), enhancing carbon sequestration and stability. Hydrochars with an O/C ratio below 0.4, particularly WS-260 and PP-260, demonstrated enhanced stability. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed functional group changes like dehydration and decarboxylation, improving soil properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated increased porosity and surface deformation with temperature, boosting nutrient retention and microbial activity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed reduced crystallinity, enhancing hydrochar effectiveness in contaminant stabilization and soil health. Freundlich isotherm modeling showed high urea sorption, with WS-260 achieving the highest adsorption efficiency (KF = 9.35; n = 2.37). WS-260 hydrochar holds promise for soil reclamation, carbon sequestration, and fertility improvement in nutrient-poor soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of the factors influencing corporate eco-innovation","authors":"Liao Zhiwei ,&nbsp;Lin Feng ,&nbsp;Gao Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eco-innovation represents a fundamental pillar in the promotion of sustainable social development and the establishment of a green economy. It constitutes the central tenet of ecological civilization construction, as proposed by the state. A meta-analysis of 35 empirical studies on the influencing factors of eco-innovation was conducted to explore the relationship with eco-innovation at four levels: legal regulation, market, technology, and organizational characteristics. The impact on different types of eco-innovation was also tested, and the moderating effect of industry type was analyzed. The results demonstrate that each factor is significantly and positively correlated with eco-innovation, with market demand and organizational performance exhibiting the strongest correlation. Product and process eco-innovation are both driven by market factors. Additionally, industry type moderates the relationship between commanded environmental regulations, market demand, market competition, internal technological capabilities, and external collaborative networks and eco-innovation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights that can inform the development, promotion, and application of eco-innovation by enterprises, with the aim of accelerating the achievement of socio-economic sustainable development and ecological civilization construction goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of an environmental management system (ISO 14001) on an underground gallery construction site in Casablanca Morocco","authors":"Soukaina Bakkass ,&nbsp;Naoual Semlali Aouragh Hassani ,&nbsp;Mohammed Karim Ben Hachmi ,&nbsp;Abderrahim El Hilali","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of an Environmental Management System (EMS) in the construction sector, often characterized by the lack of a standardized production chain, represents a major challenge for sustainability. This study, conducted on a construction site in Morocco, a country still underrepresented in sustainable development initiatives, examines the implementation of an EMS compliant with ISO 14001:2015. The underground gallery construction site, located in the Sidi Bernoussi area of Casablanca, aims to collect rainwater. It is managed by CAPEP, a Moroccan company specializing in public works and construction. This research stands out for its contextual approach, filling a significant gap regarding the practical application of international environmental management standards on a Moroccan construction site. The study is based on comprehensive data collection to identify and assess the main environmental aspects and impacts of the project, using a methodology based on severity, probability, and control criteria. Based on the results, an environmental action plan was implemented to optimize the management of solid and liquid waste. This plan has improved waste separation at the source, increased solid waste recovery by 30 %, and reduced disposal costs. Awareness and training programs were established to encourage more efficient practices in resource and waste management. The practical impact of this research lies in the clear demonstration of the benefits of an EMS in improving the environmental performance of construction projects in Morocco. Furthermore, this study offers specific recommendations, such as improving manager training, to encourage other companies in the sector to adopt similar practices, thus strengthening the environmental governance of the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating construction waste in Nigeria: The role of Building Information Modeling (BIM) at design and pre-contract stages","authors":"Mazen M. Omer ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Eze ,&nbsp;Hongping Yuan ,&nbsp;Ernest Ameyaw ,&nbsp;Onyinye Sofolahan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building Information Modeling (BIM) is revolutionizing the construction industry by providing a digital representation that supports the entire lifecycle of projects. Also, BIM can support the project's sustainability within the design and pre-contract stages to mitigate construction waste (CW). Therefore, this study investigates Building Information Modelling’s (BIM) effectiveness in mitigating CW in Nigeria’s construction sector, particularly during design and pre-contract stages. It seeks to identify key contributing factors to CW and explore BIM’s potential in addressing these issues. Utilizing a comprehensive literature review, the research identified 37 potential CW causes, incorporating them into a survey for construction professionals. As a result, 133 valid responses were collected and analyzed by using different statistical techniques, including normalized mean technique, quartile analysis, overlapping analysis, contextual disparities analysis, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. The analysis pinpointed 16 critical causes of CW. Significantly, “design complexity”, “errors in contract documents”, “frequent design changes”, and “slow drawing revision and distribution” were identified as paramount. The comparison with previous studies underscores how addressing the critical causes of CW using BIM can contribute to sustainable construction practices. In all, the findings provide valuable insights for mitigating CW in Nigeria and similar contexts in developing economies. Similarly, it can also guide international efforts to reduce CW in construction sectors globally, encouraging countries to address similar critical causes of CW using BIM sustainably. The study advocates for BIM’s early adoption in construction projects to proactively tackle design-related waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}