Mithushi Wickramasinghe, Bre-Anne Sainsbury, Susanga Costa
{"title":"Sustainable circular co-disposal of mining waste for cost efficiency","authors":"Mithushi Wickramasinghe, Bre-Anne Sainsbury, Susanga Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of waste tyres presents a significant environmental challenge, demanding innovative recycling solutions. Simultaneously, cemented rock fill (CRF) implemented in underground stoping mining methods presents tensile strength limitations, resulting in stability issues during horizontal (overhead) exposure. As such, there is benefit to reinforce CRF against tensile stresses. Given the vast volume of CRF used in mining operations, it is difficult to find a suitable reinforcing material that is also economical and sustainable. This study explores the incorporation of waste tyre rubber into CRF to develop tyre-enhanced cemented rock fill (TCRF), addressing both waste tyre recycling and CRF strength deficiencies. Large-scale experimental investigations, including compressive and tensile strength were conducted including waste tyre rubber from 5.5 % to 33 % of the cemented rock fill by volume. Results indicate that while the inclusion of waste tyre rubber reduces compressive strength and modulus, it significantly enhances tensile strength—a crucial parameter for backfill stability. A mix design of 3 % cement and 22 % waste tyre rubber achieved a tensile strength comparable to conventional CRF with 5 % cement, enabling potential cement savings of AU$ 8 per cubic meter of CRF through the removal of 2 % cement content for the same performance. Furthermore, the waste tyre rubber addition improved ductility and post-failure strength behaviour, further increasing the stability of backfilled exposures. As such, this research highlights TCRF as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for underground mining backfill, advancing waste tyre recycling and optimizing material cycles in mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical and durability analysis of geopolymer concrete made with recycled silicate activator for low carbon breakwaters","authors":"K.K.D.A. Wijesekara , Monower Sadique , Iacopo Carnacina , Alistair Fielding , Gabriela Chronowska Bojczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the feasibility of using recycled sodium silicate (RSiA) extracted from waste glasses as an alternative to commercial sodium silicate (CSiA) in the production of alkali-activated geopolymer concrete for breakwater applications. The influence of RSiA on the chemical characteristics, mechanical performance, and environmental impact of geopolymer mortars and concrete was evaluated. Elemental composition and FTIR analyses were conducted to characterise the silicate activators, revealing comparable chemical profiles with a notable difference in the SiO₂/Na₂O molar ratio (Ms: CSiA = 2.81; RSiA = 1.53). Mortar mixes with varying fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) ratios (e.g., FA:GGBS = 40:60, 80:20) and different Na₂SiO₃:NaOH ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) were tested for compressive strength under various curing regimes, including air, water, and partial hot water curing. Microstructural analysis via SEM and XRD confirmed the formation of dense geopolymer gels and crystalline phases. CO₂ emissions and cost analysis indicated that a 2:1 Na₂SiO₃:NaOH ratio minimised both environmental and economic impact. The optimised mix (C40–2111) achieved a compressive strength of ∼47 MPa under partial hot water curing, ∼35 MPa under air curing and ∼33 MPa under water curing after 28 days. Compared to conventional concrete used in coastal defence structures, the RSiA-based geopolymer blocks met or exceeded performance standards in terms of compressive strength, suggesting their suitability as sustainable alternatives to traditional breakwater materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A technical support model for the construction of zero-carbon buildings","authors":"Mazen M. Omer , Asrul Nasid Masrom , Tirivavi Moyo , Nadiyah Alhabib Adhbeea , Innocent Chigozie Osuizugbo","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a technical support model for the construction of zero-carbon buildings (ZCB). Accordingly, the study’s objectives are to identify the components of the technical support model, analyze the causal relationships among the model components, and explore the impact of these components on the construction of ZCBs. The study identified 17 technological barriers to constructing ZCBs based on previous research, which were then used to create an online survey for distribution to construction professionals. A total of 272 valid responses were collected using non-probability and snowball sampling techniques. The collected data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling, and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. The exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 valid components: 1) inadequate technical support, 2) insufficient knowledge and infrastructure, 3) poor resources and immaturity, and 4) inadequate research and practical effort. After that, partial least squares structural equation modeling indicated that inadequate technical support has the strongest causal relationship compared to the other components. Meanwhile, the valid components revealed 4 configurations, offering a deeper understanding of the technical support model for ZCB construction. The present study provides a technical support model that can enhance understanding of the technological barriers to constructing ZCBs. This model allows practitioners to have a more comprehensive perspective, particularly to enable decision-makers to develop new strategies for future projects and offers academics a new resource to promote the construction of ZCBs worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technology adoption and diffusion in the plastics value chain: From users and recyclers to recyclate uptake","authors":"Kalim Shah, Idowu Kunlere","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite recent progress and growing investments in plastic recycling technologies, the market uptake of recycled PET products remains persistently low, exposing a critical disconnect between technological development and real-world adoption. While existing research emphasizes waste collection and technical bottlenecks, limited attention has been paid to how industrial recyclers and manufacturers navigate adoption decisions that ultimately shape the diffusion and integration of plastic recycling technologies across production systems. This study addresses that gap by applying a fuzzy Delphi TOPSIS method to evaluate six PET plastic recycling technologies and twenty-five criteria influencing adoption and uptake decisions. We identify efficiency, pricing structures, consumer willingness, incentives, energy consumption, and public awareness as some of the most influential factors. Mechanical recycling is the most preferred technology, balancing cost, compatibility, and environmental performance. These findings reveal how adoption is shaped by technical efficacy and perceptions of risk, cost, and alignment with market norms. The study offers a decision-driven lens for designing targeted policy interventions and scaling viable recycling solutions within circular economy frameworks, highlighting these dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chee Ban Cheah , Jia Jia Liew , Kevin Le Ping Khaw , Hazizan bin Md Akil , Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram
{"title":"Calcined clay as a low-carbon cementitious material: Comprehensive review of treatment method, properties, and performance in concrete","authors":"Chee Ban Cheah , Jia Jia Liew , Kevin Le Ping Khaw , Hazizan bin Md Akil , Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven interest in calcined clay (CC) as a viable alternative to conventional cement and traditional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) like slag and fly ash. Calcination temperatures of 700–900℃ were commonly used to produce CC, with optimal performance observed at 800–850℃. The pozzolanic reaction of CC and its synergistic reactions with limestone form additional hydration products (calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) and carboaluminates phases) that enhance the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. Research indicated that utilization of CC can improve strength performance by 15–20 % compared to conventional concrete. However, the incorporation of more than 30 % CC in concrete may adversely affect the workability, strength, and durability performance. The use of clay with kaolinite content of 40–70 % is recommended for optimal resistance to chemical attack such as chloride penetration and carbonation. Workability reduction was observed due to high specific surface area and plate-like particle morphology of CC, causing increased water or superplasticizer demand at higher replacement levels to achieve the desired workability. Future research should focus on developing effective chemical admixtures to address the high absorptivity of CC and exploring the feasibility of using low-grade or locally available clays to produce calcined clay cement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the energy recuperation and economic aspects of the waste stream at the Al-Minyah sanitary landfill in Palestine","authors":"Bashir M.Y. Nouri , Issam A. Al-Khatib","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Al-Minya landfill faces pressure due to land limitations and the restricted energy resources available to Palestinians. Over-reliance on landfills strains land use, risking biodiversity loss. Waste-to-energy solutions are vital for reducing landfill waste and easing land pressure, while also addressing energy shortages. These technologies offer a sustainable approach to managing waste and provide alternative energy sources, highlighting their importance in overcoming waste management and energy challenges. This research focuses on municipal solid waste management in the southern Palestinian regions, particularly emphasizing the potential for energy reclamation from the flow of municipal solid waste to the Al-Minyah sanitary landfill using diverse technologies, including incineration, anaerobic digestion, landfill gas capture, and gasification. Moreover, the study examines the potential benefits and assesses the economic, social, and environmental dimensions associated with each waste-to-energy technology. The evaluation of electrical energy recuperation spans the entire operational lifespan of Al-Minyah sanitary land fill (2014–2034) and compared with the projected Palestinian electricity demand by 2030 (expected to reach 12850 GWh that necessitating an electric power generation capacity of 2335 MW). Findings indicate that only two waste-to-energy technologies are viable for electric power recovery from municipal solid waste. Anaerobic digestion technology for organic solid waste (42.04 %) is estimated to recover 57749 MWh, while incineration technology for paper, cardboard, wood, plastic, rubber, and waste tires (36.68 %) is projected to recover 232.56 MWh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elprida Agustina , Emenda Sembiring , Anjar Dimara Sakti , Like Hana Fournida Purba
{"title":"Development of plastic waste generation distribution model using remote sensing data product and machine learning","authors":"Elprida Agustina , Emenda Sembiring , Anjar Dimara Sakti , Like Hana Fournida Purba","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to map the distribution of plastic waste generation at the household level to establish baseline data for plastic waste management. The study focuses on 905,935 households in Bali Province. Variables related to household characteristics were gathered from historical studies, including house area size, population density, area characteristics based on rural or urban designations, and economic status in specific coordinates. The remote sensing data products and their corresponding variables used in this study included: VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) Night-time Day/Night data representing economic status, WorldPop Global Project Population Data representing population density, and Impervious data representing urban/rural classification. 200 primary sampling data points on plastic waste generation at households, coordinates, and house area sizes were collected. Linear and nonlinear regression machine learning algorithms were performed, with plastic waste generation as the dependent variable and the extracted remote sensing data products and house size as independent variables. The best-performing model was the non-linear regression model LGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine), achieving an R² score of 0.882, RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) of 18.374, and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) of 12.877 on testing data. The modeling results indicated that the feature importance of each variable, in order, was economic status, population density, house size, and urban or rural area classification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electronic waste recycling intention, behavior and environmental benefits: Evidence from Middle East","authors":"Nishad Nawaz , Shamshad Ahamed Shaik , Satyanarayana Parayitam , Vincent Dutot , Gajendran Vijayakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) generated each year have become a global problem, and individuals, organizations, and governments wrestle to find ways of dealing with e-waste. The frequent introduction of new models of electronic gadgets in the market has resulted in a disproportionately large accumulation of obsolete products, escalating the problem of managing e-waste and calling for effective disposal and recycling methods. This study aims to investigate the antecedents to the e-waste recycling intention (EWRI) of individuals. Integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and behavioral reasoning theory (BRT), study developed a conceptual model and tested in the context of a Middle Eastern country, Bahrain. Data was collected from 603 households and analyzed. Hierarchical regression, and PROCESS macros were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate: (i) attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, habits, and convenience are positively allied with EWRI, which, in turn, leads to e-waste recycling behavior (EWRB); (ii) EWRB is a precursor to environmental benefits of recycling, and (iii) environmental concern (first moderator) and environmental awareness (second moderator) strengthens the relationship between EWRI and behavior. The findings contribute to the advancement of the theory of sustainability and provide recommendations for administrators and policymakers regarding e-waste recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of mortar with two pozzolanic materials: Silica fume and basalt powder","authors":"Prinya Chindaprasirt , Sumrerng Rukzon , Arthorn Chuphonsat , Udomvit Chaisakulkiet , Patcharapol Posi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effects of incorporating two pozzolanic materials, viz., silica fume (SF) and basalt powder (BS), on the mechanical and durability properties of mortars, with a specific focus on compressive strength, porosity, chloride penetration, chloride diffusion coefficient, and reinforcement corrosion resistance. Ordinary Portland Cement Type I (OPC) was partially replaced with a fixed proportion of 10 % SF, combined with BS contents of 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % by weight of binders. A water-to-binder (W/B) ratio of 0.48 was maintained, and a superplasticizer (SP) was incorporated to ensure adequate workability. The inclusion of BS and SF necessitated additional superplasticizer to maintain flowability, highlighting the influence of fine particle size and increased surface area on the rheological properties of the mixtures. Test results at 28 and 90 days demonstrated that mortars containing 10 % SF with either 10 % or 15 % BS outperformed the control mortar (CT) and other mixtures, exhibiting superior compressive strength, low porosity, and enhanced resistance to chloride ingress and reinforcement corrosion. Strength and durability enhancements were more pronounced at later ages, emphasizing the long-term benefits of pozzolanic reactions in refining the mortar microstructure. Furthermore, a mathematical model was proposed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding and prediction of compressive strength in the ternary binder systems (OPC, SF, and BS), offering valuable insights for optimizing sustainable cementitious materials in construction applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michele Barros de Deus Chuquel da Silva , Carlos Alberto Seifert Jr , Flávio José Simioni , Valter Antonio Becegato
{"title":"Inclusion of grassroots recycling organizations for solid waste in local public policies: Case study in Southern Brazil","authors":"Michele Barros de Deus Chuquel da Silva , Carlos Alberto Seifert Jr , Flávio José Simioni , Valter Antonio Becegato","doi":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwas.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling is essential for the final destination of solid waste. Still, its effectiveness is limited by the lack of awareness in society and effective public policies, and by the lack of recognition of the value of the social category of recyclable material collectors. Despite the low recycling rates in Brazil, the Southern region, especially Rio Grande do Sul (RS), stands out for its significant number of waste management instruments and grassroots recycling organizations (GROs). Furthermore, there is a large gap in how GROs are recognized and supported by local public policies in terms of action. Therefore, this study sought to identify how municipalities in RS support GROs regarding inclusion and/or appreciation of collectors in local public policies. To this end, an electronic questionnaire was applied to 80 GROs, and public documents and institutional websites were analyzed. The results indicate that the GROs are highly vulnerable, with 42.5 % in a poor situation and 37.5 % in a fair situation, with a lack of support regulations. In addition, the relevance of formalizing into cooperatives and acting in networks as a strategy for institutional strengthening, access to rights, and participation in decision-making processes. These findings are pioneering in their approach to analyzing how organizations are served at the state level, and can therefore support more effective and inclusive public policies, in addition to encouraging new studies on the subject.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100256,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Waste Systems","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}