Reverse vending machines in the circular economy: A bibliometric analysis of an underexplored enabler (2003–2023)

Abstract

Deposit Refund Systems (DRS), particularly Reverse Vending Machines (RVM), have emerged as promising tools to foster recycling and close material loops, thus advancing the principles of the circular economy. Yet, the evolution of academic discourse concerning such incentives within the framework of circular economy practices remains an underexplored gap, which justifies a comprehensive analysis such as the one conducted in this study. Through a bibliometric approach, this research explores the evolution of the theme over time (from 2003 to 2023). Drawing on a sample of 755 articles, the results indicate a growing academic interest in the subject, particularly after 2017, driven by global policy shifts and the increasing relevance of circular economy principles. Results also underscore the interdisciplinary nature of sustainable waste management, advocating for the integration of policy frameworks, technological innovations, and financial incentives to achieve long-term sustainability goals. However, the potential of RVM as key enablers in closing material loops, due to their role in material recovery and sustainable waste management, is not sufficiently treated. This highlights not only a gap in the existing literature, but also a missed opportunity to fully explore the transformative potential of RVMs in advancing circular economy goals.