Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of mesoporous silica and calcium fluoride nanoparticles from hexafluorosilicic acid waste: A circular economy approach","authors":"Aditya Abburi ,&nbsp;Visweswara Rao Abburi","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable industrial practices has intensified the need for innovative approaches to managing hazardous waste. In this study, we propose a circular economy-driven method for the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and calcium fluoride (CaF₂) nanoparticles from hexafluorosilicic acid (H₂SiF₆), a highly corrosive and toxic by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry. The process involves reacting H₂SiF₆ with ammonia (NH₃) under controlled conditions to yield high-purity MSNs with tunable properties, including particle sizes ranging from 32 to 85 nm and pore diameters of 2-5 nm. In a second step, the ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) solution obtained as a by-product during the MSN synthesis was treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to synthesize CaF₂ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 38 nm. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming their high purity and nanoscale dimensions. This dual-synthesis approach not only addresses the environmental concerns associated with H₂SiF₆ disposal but also provides valuable nanomaterials for various industrial applications, thus contributing to a circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical insight of phosphonium-based ionic liquid with carbocyclic sugar-based inositol derivative","authors":"Bhupendra Singh Banjare ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Banjare ,&nbsp;Nitai Sarkar ,&nbsp;Kamalakanta Behera ,&nbsp;Dolly Baghel ,&nbsp;Benvikram Barman ,&nbsp;Swati Chandrawanshi ,&nbsp;Roman Kumar Aneshwari ,&nbsp;Indrapal Karbhal ,&nbsp;Manmohan Lal Satnami ,&nbsp;Kallol Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely utilized as solubilizers, transporters, and agents for enhancing the efficacy of various components. In this study, the phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL) trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate ([P666(14)][TMPP]) was investigated for its synergic interaction with synthesized carbocyclic sugar-based inositol derivative 4-O-Tosyl-6-O-benzyl-<em>myo</em>-inositol-1,3,5-orthoformate (referred to as the tosyl derivative). These interactions were explored using a range of techniques including FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), surface tension, conductivity, colorimetry, and viscometry at 299.0 ± 0.5 K temperature. Key parameters in physicochemical insight, such as the zeta potential, particle size distribution, critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and various thermodynamic parameters (Δ_G^°_ads, Δ_G^°_trans, ∆G^s_min, Δ_G^°_m, Δ_G^°_m,tail) and interfacial parameters (Г_max, A_min, π_CMC, pC₂₀, γ_CMC) were calculated. A significant reduction in CMC values of the PIL was observed with increasing concentrations (mM) of the tosyl derivative. The findings of the interfacial parameters indicated that when the concentration of tosyl derivative increased, the values of A_min, π_CMC, and pC₂₀ enhanced while the values of γ_CMC, Γ_max, and CPP undergo reduction. Further, conductometric and colorimetric studies give similar results for CMC value. The higher negative values of Δ_G^°_m and Δ_G^°_ads have been shown the micellization and adsorption properties became more spontaneous. The rheological characteristics of PIL, such as reducing, intrinsic, and relative viscosities, are more significantly impacted by higher concentrations of the tosyl derivative. The FTIR spectral response confirmed shifts in different stretching and bending modes indicating strong intermolecular interactions. DLS data further indicated that the polar nature of the tosyl derivative promotes the formation of significantly larger micelles in the PIL–tosyl derivative system (particularly at 2.0 mM) compared to the pure due to the tosyl derivative showing co-solvent character. These findings suggest potential applications for such synergistic systems in household products, pharmaceutical sciences, cosmetics, and drug delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algae biodiesel as a alternative green fuel: A futuristic scope","authors":"Manish Kumar,&nbsp;Naushad Ahmad Ansari,&nbsp;Raghvendra Gautam","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for energy and the environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels necessitate the development of sustainable alternative fuels. Among these, algae-based biodiesel, a third-generation biofuel, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high productivity, non-competition with food resources, and carbon sequestration potential. This review aims to address a gap in the existing literature by comprehensively analysing algae biodiesel production, including cultivation methods, extraction techniques, and strategies to enhance fuel properties. Furthermore, it offers a novel synthesis of the impact of algae biodiesel on compression ignition engines, focusing on combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. Key findings indicate that algae biodiesel exhibits shorter ignition delays, gradual heat release rates, and longer combustion durations than conventional diesel. While engine performance remains comparable, algae biodiesel results in slightly lower brake thermal efficiency and higher specific fuel consumption. In terms of emissions, it significantly reduces CO, HC, and PM emissions but leads to marginally higher NOx emissions. The advantages of algae biodiesel, including its renewability, adaptability through species selection or genetic modification, and environmental benefits, underscore its potential as a viable alternative fuel. This review highlights the feasibility of algae biodiesel as a sustainable energy solution, contributing to the transition toward cleaner and more efficient fuel sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances on modification of photocatalyst for degradation/removal of organic pollutants from water","authors":"Solomon Oluwaseun Akinnawo,&nbsp;Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modification strategies such as surface doping, surface defect engineering, surface sensitization and heterojunction have proved to be highly effective in improving the performance of a photocatalyst towards the degradation removal of organic pollutants from water. Photocatalysts such as N-doped TiO₂ nanotubes and S-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared via surface doping have been described to displayed higher photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange and malachite green compared to unmodified TiO₂ nanoparticles. Moreover, AgI/CdS binary composite fabricated via type-II conventional heterojunction strategy has been recounted in obtaining 91 and 94.5 % removal of tetracycline hydrochloride and methyl orange removal from water. Whereas, GQD/ZnO nanowires photocatalyst developed using a direct z-scheme heterostructure strategy has been investigated to yield three times comparably higher degradation of methylene blue than using pure ZnO nanowires. Similar outcomes have been reported with photocatalysts prepared using surface defect engineering and surface sensitization strategies. In comparison to previous studies, this review accentuates the recent advances on the various modification strategies for enhancing photocatalytic performance in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. While recounting the challenges and direction of future studies in palliating these challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-synergy in anaerobic digestion of animal wastes for total pollution control and bioenergy production: A sustainable integrated perspective","authors":"Obey Gotore ,&nbsp;Thuong Thi Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tirivashe Philip Masere ,&nbsp;Albert Shumba ,&nbsp;Albert Gumbo ,&nbsp;Prattakorn Sittisom ,&nbsp;Mufwankolo Apingien Heritier ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Itayama","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic waste disposal and treatment are key public and environmental health issues contributing to pollution reduction and minimizing the spread of diseases from agricultural setups. Current treatment methods of animal waste often generate odors and greenhouse gases, which become catastrophic downstream, including algae blooms and groundwater contamination. Anaerobic digestion (AD) using bioreactors has been an economic resource utilization strategy for organic waste treatment with ecological integrity for environmental justice. To enhance the effectiveness of AD, the addition of biochar has been shown to improve treatment efficiency by amplifying bacterial activity and aiding in the breakdown of complex organic materials for biofuel production. We reviewed the integration of biochar in the AD of animal waste material as a cost-effective bio-carrier to enhance treatment for environmental protection and bioenergy production. We discussed the current relationship between pyrolysis conditions and feedstock types used in the AD process and evaluated the ecological functions of microbial activities and their interaction with biochar-based biomass in AD engineering designs. A comprehension of the technological advances to improve the AD performances associated with microbial biomass and biochar addition and potential areas for future research and their limitations toward a zero-waste paradigm for sustainable development in farm management systems was reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clean environmental strategy applied to anatomy laboratory wastewater purification: a hybrid and integrated performance of a photo-electro-Fered-Fenton process","authors":"Maikow Zago ,&nbsp;Fernando H. Borba ,&nbsp;Liziara Cabrera ,&nbsp;Daiana Seibert ,&nbsp;Nicoli Justen ,&nbsp;Jonas J. Inticher ,&nbsp;Camila F. Zorzo","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde (CH₂O) is an important preservative of anatomic pieces in laboratories; Solutions with high concentrations of CH₂O are used to avoid the deterioration of anatomic pieces. Besides the high concentration of CH₂O, organic content may leachate from the material stored in the tanks, increasing the complexity of the wastewater generated. The anatomy laboratory wastewater with high formaldehyde concentration (ALW-CFA) presents potential toxic effects to humans and the ecosystem in general, for this reason, proper treatment is demanded before its discharge. In the present work, the degradation of CH₂O and reduction of toxicity levels of ALW-CFA samples were studied through the application of the process photo-electro-Fered-Fenton process (PEF-Fered). The suitable operational conditions of the process PEF-Fered such as initial solution pH, current intensity, and H₂O₂ initial concentration, were studied by the application of an RSM evaluating the reduction of concentrations of CH₂O and TOC. Then, the increment of O₃ to the PEF-Fered process was performed (PEF-Fered-O₃), aiming to increase the oxidative potential of the system. However, it was observed that the use of many oxidative inputs at the same time (hybrid process) was not interesting for the ALW-CFA degradation, thus, the best treatment strategy which provided a lower toxicity level (LC_{50 %}= 56.94) was the AO followed by H₂O₂ and O₃, with a removal of 90 % of CH₂O and 85 % of TOC, under the following operational conditions, solution pH 4.5; the current intensity of 2.4 and H₂O₂ concentration of 24,000 mg <span>l</span>^-1. With the application of the advanced combined treatment, the pollution potential of this wastewater was reduced, evidencing the protection of human health and ecosystems in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of construction and demolition waste (gypsum and mortar) for the removal of metal ions, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+","authors":"Jefferson Luiz Alves Marinho ,&nbsp;Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha ,&nbsp;Raimundo Nonato Pereira Teixeira ,&nbsp;Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho ,&nbsp;Jorge Marcell Coelho Menezes ,&nbsp;Francisco José de Paula Filho ,&nbsp;Lucia Raquel de Lima ,&nbsp;Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira Tintino ,&nbsp;Hyan Thompson Oliveira Lopes ,&nbsp;Paulo Ives Pereira de Alcântara","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensification of human activities, consumption, production, and exploitation of raw materials, coupled with rapid population growth and industrial activity development, has led to significant environmental impacts. As civilization progresses, the level of environmental pollution with toxic metals has also intensified. The ability to quickly detect heavy metal pollution in wastewater and find its source is critical for environmental monitoring and protection. In the search for cheaper and more economical materials to be used as precipitants, civil construction waste has been used for this application. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the utilization of construction and demolition waste (gypsum and cementitious mortar) in the retention of Copper, Lead, and Nickel metal ions. The assessment of the removal capacity of these metal ions using gypsum powder and cementitious mortar was conducted through chemical precipitation using batch experiments. The results obtained for Pb²⁺ ions showed that increasing the mass of gypsum from 10 to 100 g resulted in precipitation rates ranging from 97.29 to 98.31 %. Gypsum also proved to be a viable alternative for Cu²⁺ precipitation with rates of 92.99 to 96.65 %, while the most significant retention rate for Ni²⁺ was observed for the mass of 100 g, reaching 94.63 %. In experiments using different types of cementitious mortar (ACI, ACII, ACIII, and common) as precipitants in a solution contaminated with copper at a constant concentration of 600 mg/L, it was found that the precipitation rates were practically the same, with ACIII mortar showing the highest percentage of precipitation. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrated that construction and demolition waste by-products rich in gypsum and cementitious mortar are efficient in removing toxic metals, representing promising alternatives for wastewater decontamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts for boosting peroxymonosulfate activation: A review on cobalt-ion leaching inhibition strategies","authors":"Sanshuang Gao ,&nbsp;Tinghang Li ,&nbsp;Xue Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangzhi Hu ,&nbsp;Xueyong Cui ,&nbsp;Lingyang Pan ,&nbsp;Thomas Wågberg","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cobalt (Co)-ion leaching is one of the most challenging issues associated with the application of heterogeneous Cobalt (Co)-based catalysts such as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators for the removal of organic pollutants. Excessive Co-ions threaten human health, and their leaching mitigates the possibility for efficient reusability of the material and leads to increased handling costs. Hence, the development of highly efficient and stable heterogeneous Co-based catalysts with low Co-ion leaching is essential for future industrial applications. This review summarises the strategies employed in recent years to mitigate or suppress metal-ion leaching from heterogeneous Co-based catalysts. The main approaches, including morphology and structure regulation, surface modification engineering, composition optimisation, and carrier immobilisation, are discussed. Analyses of the operational mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of each strategy are presented. Finally, to realize the practical applications of heterogeneous Co-based PMS systems, existing challenges, and future research prospects are discussed, providing a reference for the design of multiphase Co-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal pyrolysis of wasted high-density plastic into valuable fuels using statistically derived kinetic rate constants","authors":"Hammad Hussain ,&nbsp;Sonia Arshed ,&nbsp;Shahbaz Nasir Khan ,&nbsp;Sameera Haq Nawaz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yasin Naz ,&nbsp;Rao Adeel Un Nabi","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimentally, empirical rate constants are used to extract liquid fuels and gases from the thermal decomposition of high-density plastics (HDPs). However, this approach is costly, time-consuming, and not commercially viable for producing a sustainable volume of liquid fuel. The prediction of rate constants is, therefore, imperative to boost the efficiency of the scaled destruction of plastic waste into fuels and other valuable products. We used the Box-Behnken technique in response surface methodology (RSM) to forecast temperature-dependent rate constants for thermal destruction of HDP. Most appropriate combinations of activation energies (Ea), exponential factors (Ao) and rate constants (k) were predicted statistically for better insight into HDP reaction mechanism for commercial scale production of oils and gases. The predicted parameters were used in a 2nd order ordinary differential solver to simulate the amount of oil and gases. The thermal treatment of HDP under optimized conditions resulted in 99 % oil production after 240 min of reaction. The formation of heavy wax was observed at the start of the reaction, and it changed to oil, light wax, and gases after 1 hour of processing. After 2 h, light wax production declined and oil production increased over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressurized torrefaction of waste biomass to improve bio coal quality: Synergistic effect between animal waste and wood chips","authors":"N.M. Tshuma ,&nbsp;L.B. Moyo ,&nbsp;G. Danha ,&nbsp;T.A. Mamvura ,&nbsp;G.S. Simate ,&nbsp;C.D. Artur ,&nbsp;G. Charis","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the effect blending waste material to improve its fuel properties using pressurized torrefaction. This research explored the benefits of blending animal waste with wood chips to produce a bio-coal with improved fuel properties. The process conditions investigated were temperature and pressure intervals of 200°C to 280°C and atmospheric pressure (AP) to 4MPa, respectively. The results showed that an increase in temperature and pressure improved the fixed carbon content of the blend almost threefold from 19.87 % to 66.93 % and the higher heating value (HHV) to 27.32MJ/kg from 13.90MJ/kg at mild torrefaction temperature of 280°C and gas pressure of 4MPa compared to atmospheric pressure conditions and the lowest temperature investigated. The HHV increased primarily due to a release of bound and unbound moisture and volatile matter. Wood chips had an HHV of 27.00MJ/kg at a torrefaction temperature of 280°C due to the decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose which enhanced the thermal stability, fixed carbon content and calorific value. However, animal waste had the least incremental increase in HHV (16.45MJ/kg) due to a high initial content of volatile matter and moisture. The improved properties of the blend of materials indicated that pressurized torrefaction was effective in increasing fixed carbon content through secondary polymerization reactions. Moreover, it facilitated the decomposition of cellulose at a lower temperature than the typical range of 315-400°C if conducted at atmospheric pressure. This study elucidates the notable role of the synergistic effects of blending feed materials prior to torrefaction towards improving the properties and pyrolysis performance of biomass components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}