Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of heat and mass transfer in the passive solar thermal storage of MgCl2·6H2O hydrated salt embedded with copper foam on sieve plates","authors":"Caiyan Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel passive solar thermal storage with MgCl₂·6H₂O (Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) hydrated salt as porous media on sieve plates is proposed, in which the serpentine flow channel around sieve plates and several flowing slots in each salt layer are set to enhance the convective between the airflow and hydrated salt layer, besides, the porous copper foam embedded in hydrated salt bed will enlarge the thermal conduction in salt beds. Combining the Prout-Tompkins equation with Clausius-Clapeyron relation accounts for the kinetics characteristics of endothermic dehydration (i.e. hydrated salt loses its water content) in hydrated salt layer where the local thermal non-equilibrium occurs. The double energy equations together with Darcy relation are employed to describe the heat and flow in porous salt bed, and to analyze the effects of the salt bed structure, straight-shaped slots and porous copper foam in salt layer as well as the inlet airflow velocity on the conversion extent of MgCl₂·6H₂O salt and the heat storage characteristics in the passive solar thermal storage reactor during dehydration. In comparison to the salt layer without slot, more than 18% rise of conversion rate happens in the salt bed with <em>n</em> = 12 slots. The higher average conversion rate of MgCl₂·6H₂O, more uniform distribution and larger heat storage rate in the salt layer embedded with copper foam occur than that without, and the amount of heat storage rises slightly with the slot number above <em>n</em> = 6 for the current mode. The simulations accord with the published experiment data. All results can be considered into the promotion and application of the passive solar thermal storage of MgCl₂·6H₂O salt hydrate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000511/pdfft?md5=b7615ae10e61c12aa91f7a9af1213a97&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000511-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80368324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Method and a New Tool for Decline and Inactive SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Sasan Zahmatkesh ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpää","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Following the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, monitoring sewage has become crucial, according to reports that the virus was detected in sewage. Currently, various methods are discussed for understanding the SARS-CoV-2 using wastewater surveillance. This paper first introduces the fundamental knowledge of primary, secondary, and tertiary water treatment on SARS-CoV-2. Next, a thorough overview is presented to summarize the recent developments and breakthroughs in removing SARS-CoV-2 using solar water disinfection (SODIS) and UV (UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280-315 nm), and UVC (100–280 nm)) process. In addition, Due to the fact that the distilled water can be exposed to sunlight if there is no heating source, it can be disinfected using solar water disinfection (SODIS). SODIS, on the other hand, is a well-known method of reducing pathogens in contaminated water; moreover, UVC can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 when the wavelength is between 100 to 280 nanometers. High temperatures (more than 56°C) and UVC are essential for eliminating SARS-CoV-2; however, the SODIS systems use UVA and work at lower temperatures (less than45°C). Therefore, using SODIS methods for wastewater treatment (or providing drinking water) is not appropriate during a situation like the ongoing pandemic. Finally, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) tracking tool for SARS-CoV-2 can be used to detect its presence in wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000353/pdfft?md5=d25825110044d206464fd1813e2e0054&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81617988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of renewable energy in wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges, opportunities, and progressive research trends","authors":"Sasan Zahmatkesh ,&nbsp;Kassian T.T. Amesho ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpaa ,&nbsp;Chongqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>SARS-CoV-2 has aroused drastic effects on the global economy and public health. In response to this, personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, and social distancing have been considered the most important ways to prevent the direct spread of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 would be possible survive in wastewater for a few days, leading to secondary transmission via contact with water and wastewater. Thus, the most economical and practical approaches for decentralized wastewater treatment are renewable energies such as the solar energy disinfestation process. However, as freshwater requirements increase and fossil fuels become unsustainable, renewable energy becomes more attractive for desalination applications. Solar photovoltaic, membrane-based, and electricity desalination technologies are becoming increasingly popular due to their lower energy requirements. Several aquatic environments could be benefitted from solar energy wastewater disinfection. Besides, utilizing solar energy during the day can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 to nearly 90%. However, conventional membrane-based desalination practices have also been integrated, including reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED). Several exciting membrane processes have been developed recently, including membrane distillation (MD), pressure-reduced osmosis (PRO), and reverse electrodialysis (RED). Such operations can produce clean and sustainable electricity from brine and impaired water, generally considered hazardous to the environment. As a result, neither PRO nor RED can produce electricity without mixing a high salinity solution (such as seawater or brine and wastewater, respectively) with a low salinity solution. Herein, we critically review the progress in applying renewable energy such as solar energy and geothermal energy for generating electricity from wastewater treatment and uniquely discuss the effects of these two types of renewable energy on SARS-CoV-2 in air and wastewater treatment. We also highlight the significant process made on the membrane processes utilizing renewable energy and research gaps from the standpoint of producing clean and sustainable energy. The significant points of this review are: (1) among various types of renewable energy, solar energy and geothermal energy have been predominantly studied for wastewater treatment, (2) effects of these two types of renewable energy on SARS-CoV-2 in air and wastewater treatment are critically analyzed, and (3) the knowledge gaps and anticipated future research outlook have been consequently proposed thereof.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000341/pdfft?md5=871c893f0fd6694cacd3d6971d0864aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91550103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-demineralized paper waste sludge derived magnetic biochar as sorbs for removal of methylene blue, phosphorus, and selenate in wastewater","authors":"Masale C. Manoko ,&nbsp;Evans M.M. Chirwa ,&nbsp;Katlego Makgopa","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollution has continued to be the source of elevated nutrient levels in catchment areas, causing eutrophic conditions that threaten human health. Adsorption has been seen as a cost-effective and simple process of removing and recovering nutrients from wastewater. Biomass feedstocks have received significant research interest in recent years on the production of biochar and its magnetized variants for wastewater treatment. However, there have been minimal studies on the use of paper waste sludge obtained from the recycling industry as a feedstock for biochar production used in wastewater treatment. Hence this study focused on the production of magnetic biochar composites as an adsorbent for nutrient removal and recovery from wastewater. Neat non-demineralized biochar and its magnetized variant were produced using paper waste sludge through co-pyrolysis at 450 °C and for the magnetized variant, the feedstock was synthesized using Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ salts. The biochar produced exhibited good structural and chemical properties suitable for adsorption. Hence further analysis was performed using MBC-SPS-450 for the removal of phosphorus (P), selenate (Se), and methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The observed efficiencies for P, Se, and MB were 48.83, 58.43, and 5.92 mg <em>g</em> ⁻ ¹ respectively. From the results obtained, the magnetized variant (MBC-SPS-450) displayed excellent adsorption efficiencies, lower loading requirements with an optimum loading of 5 g <em>L</em> ⁻ ¹, easy removal from solution by magnets, and was regenerated with excellent adsorption efficiencies. These excellent results position paper waste sludge-derived biochar as a good and low-cost adsorbent for the removal and recovery of nutrients from wastewater with the added benefit that it is part of the recycling process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000468/pdfft?md5=d99998202a397dbaca86c44d4eda6608&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000468-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82753528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green solvents, potential alternatives for petroleum based products in food processing industries","authors":"Writdhama Prasad ,&nbsp;Aakash Dadarao Wani ,&nbsp;Kaushik Khamrui ,&nbsp;Shaik Abdul Hussain ,&nbsp;Yogesh Khetra","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solvent extraction is used at the industrial scale for extraction of oil, flavouring and functional compounds from the source materials. Easy availability at lower price makes petroleum based solvents (e.g., hexane, petroleum ether, etc.) the preferred choice for solvent extraction. However, some amount of the solvent always escapes to the environment during the extraction process and the yield product also contains some amount of residual solvent. This causes hazard not only to the environment and people at large, but also affects the manpower involved in the solvent extraction industry in particular. This has led to the search of alternative solvents which have lower toxicity and are environmentally safe. Green solvents appear to be a potential candidate for this. Solvent extraction studies performed using green solvents have revealed their equal or higher extraction efficacy to that of petroleum based products. This review paper aims to provide comprehensive information about the studies pertaining to the application of green solvents as a safer and their potential for replacement of petroleum based solvents for extraction of fat soluble compounds. In addition, health and environmental aspects of greens solvents along with their associated advantages-disadvantages has also been discussed in this paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200050X/pdfft?md5=62ac81db42db9f099704b46278907ae7&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232200050X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75784344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Effluents Using Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Regression in Detergent Industrial Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Dipak Kumar Jana ,&nbsp;Prajna Bhunia ,&nbsp;Sirsendu Das Adhikary ,&nbsp;Barnali Bej","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The freshwater is a challenge as the world’s population grows. The largest sources of water in this planet are brackish water and sea water. So, water purification process is very important during this water crisis using desalination and various water treatment techniques. In this paper, we have developed some machine learning approaches for a detergent industry in India. The whole effluent and waste disposal in the detergent industry were treated by different treatment process like air flotation, chemical coagulation, sedimentation and biological treatment through completely mixed activated sludge process. The soft computing techniques (i) a five-layered feed forward ANN (ii) a five-layered cascade forward neural network and (iii) support vector regression have been applied to optimize the proposed models. Training function are considered as Feed-Forward BP(MLP), Cascade Forward BP and SVR where as Training algorithm Levenberg Marquardt and Sequential minimal optimization have been used. Graphical representation has been given for different types of pollutants, effluent treatment plant flow, and Change of color of wastewater after treatment and mathematical operations for Mechanism on Support Vector Regression has been established. To get the best number of neurons for the hidden layer, the network was trained for varied numbers of iterations (Nbest). The data was statistically examined as well. The Nbest value was found to be 10, with the lowest root mean square error (0.066), mean square error (0.0043), and greatest <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> value (0.996); these values show that the predicted and experimental responses are similar, and plant performance was adequately predicted using the backpropagation ANN model thus ANN may be used to describe the process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000377/pdfft?md5=3e31701f4474b9f67b999e38d3745c6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73562895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Chemical Coagulation-Electrocoagulation-Membrane Filtration Integrated Systems for Baker's Yeast Wastewater Treatment: Experimental and Economic Evaluation","authors":"Hossein Nouri Alavijeh ,&nbsp;Morteza Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Khavari Kashani ,&nbsp;Ahmad Moheb","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study provides technical and economic comparisons of electrocoagulation (EC), chemical coagulation (CC), integrated EC-CC, and combinations of these techniques with ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) systems based on baker's yeast wastewater treatment. Key parameters such as initial pH, coagulant dosage, and stirring speed were optimized for both EC and CC methods to achieve higher removal efficiencies at lower operating costs. Evaluating EC and CC indicates EC obtained better performance by removing 77.64% and 97.49% of COD and turbidity, respectively, but higher operating costs for treating baker's yeast wastewater. CC with operating costs of 0.737$/m³ and 1.427 $/m³ using lime and polyaluminum chloride (PACl), respectively, is more cost-effective than EC with total operating costs of 3.526 $/m³. This study was the first to compare the capital costs of EC and CC, and it was revealed that CC still required less investment than EC. The combination of EC and CC methods was studied for the first time on baker's yeast wastewater. The results showed that combining CC and EC improves COD removal efficiency by 11.2% and 16.1% when compared to single EC and single CC processes, respectively. Two types of hollow fiber membranes made of polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for the UF process and a polyamide spiral membrane for the NF system were employed in membrane filtration integrated systems. The combination of the EC-CC system with the UF and NF systems resulted in the highest COD removal efficiency, which was around 99.7% for the EC-CC(PACl)-PVDF-NF system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000304/pdfft?md5=0468a9dc711175eea43db8bc68b23b08&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73820526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon footprint of self-healing geopolymer concrete with variable mix model","authors":"Jerome Ignatius T. Garces ,&nbsp;Arnel B. Beltran ,&nbsp;Raymond R. Tan ,&nbsp;Jason Maximino C. Ongpeng ,&nbsp;Michael Angelo B. Promentilla","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon footprint analysis of geopolymer concrete can be used to determine its advantages over conventional Portland cement concrete. However, the influence of allocation assumptions has been neglected in previous geopolymer life cycle assessment studies. This research gap is addressed here through an analysis of the effect of allocation scenarios in the assessment of self-healing geopolymer concrete made from coal fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag feedstocks. In addition, an empirical, variable-mix “gray box” model was integrated into the life cycle assessment to allow different blends that meet product property specifications to be considered. The cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment was done using OpenLCA and MS Excel, using inventory data from databases and literature. The allocation assumptions are found to significantly affect the results, with carbon footprints ranging from 208.72 kg eq. CO₂ to 395.72 kg eq. CO₂ per cubic meter of concrete. Using allocation based on economic value, the price of coal fly ash has a greater effect than that of ground granulated blast furnace slag. The implications of this result on the commercial use of geopolymer concrete are discussed, as well as the potential application of the “gray box” approach as a generic methodology in life cycle assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000250/pdfft?md5=26a453372b1c6a94bc0b3653c93cb4f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000250-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76020807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the addition of a high energy density fuel, adamantane to diesel on its cetane number, sooting propensity, and soot nanostructural properties","authors":"Alanood Al Zaabi ,&nbsp;Abhijeet Raj ,&nbsp;Mirella Elkadi ,&nbsp;Dalaver Anjum ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Abraham George ,&nbsp;Mariam Nasser Al Shebli","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soot particles, released during diesel combustion, adversely affect human health and the environment. Some studies suggest blending diesel with oxygenated fuels to reduce soot emissions, though it also reduces fuel economy and may produce new pollutants such as aldehydes. Another method to reduce soot could be to increase its reactivity by altering its physicochemical properties (<em>e.g.</em>, introducing curvatures in its nanostructures) so that it oxidizes inside the engine or flame. In this direction, a cyclic high-density hydrocarbon fuel, adamantane is studied as an additive for diesel to determine its effect on cetane number, threshold sooting index, soot reactivity, and soot nanostructural properties. The addition of up to 6.75 wt% of adamantane in diesel significantly increased the smoke point of diesel from 18 to 29 mm (and threshold sooting index decreased by 44%), indicating a drastic drop in fuel sooting tendency. Adamantane addition in a small amount to diesel minimally affected the cetane number. To understand the impact of adamantane addition to diesel on the characteristics of soot particles, different techniques including TGA, HRTEM, XRD, EDX, and EELS were used. It is observed that adamantane enhances curvatures in soot nanostructures and reduces the size of fringes in soot and its aromatic content, and all of these property variations improve soot reactivity to improve its oxidation in flames or engines and reduce soot emission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000080/pdfft?md5=4057d7661b3c60a43ba4ad424d9796e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87495487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of oil extraction from African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) seeds.","authors":"Goziya W. Dzarma ,&nbsp;Chinedu M. Agu ,&nbsp;Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu ,&nbsp;Lawrence N. Onyedikachi ,&nbsp;Omokwe A. Kalu ,&nbsp;Esther O. Ekezie ,&nbsp;Miracle C. Adiele ,&nbsp;Agu S. Chukwulebile","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effect of extraction parameters such as particle size, temperature, and time on yield alongside the kinetic and thermodynamics variables for <em>Chrysophyllum albidum</em>. For the extraction, the oil yield increased as the extraction temperature and time increased, but the reverse was observed as the particle size increased. At the temperature of 55 °C, particle size of 0.55 mm, and extraction time of 150 min, the maximum oil yield of 14.98% was obtained. The extracted oil was analyzed and was found to have a saponification value of 134.64 mgKOH/kg, Iodine value of 82.53 mg I/g, peroxide value of 5mEq/kg, and acid value of 14.47 mg KOH/mg. In addition, the oil viscosity and specific gravity were 54.54 mm² s⁻¹ and 0.941, respectively. Hyperbolic, second-order, and Elovich's kinetic models were used to fit the data gotten from experimental findings. The three models fitted the experimental data suitably, with hyperbolic kinetic model giving the best fit (R²=0.93288, RMS=0.12133, and SD=0.02715) followed by Elovich's model kinetic model (R²=0.92172, RMS=0.205329, and SD=0.039349) and (R²=0.92968, RMS=0.66867, and SD=0.542885) in that order. Thermodynamic parameters ∆H and ∆S for ASA seed oil extraction were evaluated at temperature of 318 K. The enthalpy values for the five particle sizes used were 19.35, 22.24, 26.08, 29.57 and 49.98 KJ/mol and the Entropy 0.08, 0.09 0.10 0.11 and 0.17 KJ/mol respectively. These positives values for the enthalpy and entropy change shows that the extraction is endothermic and irreversible in nature. The Gibbs free energy change (∆G) for the extraction was found to be below zero showing that the extraction was a spontaneous process. Using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc HSD analyses, extraction time variation was found to significantly affect oil yield. Particle size and extraction temperature variations were statistically insignificant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200016X/pdfft?md5=0d2b025e08da4d845d61b33ad83f1e91&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232200016X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87966425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}