Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted esterification of cotton cellulose with long chain free fatty acids","authors":"Pierre Dal ,&nbsp;Annelise Jean-Fulcrand ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Lévêque ,&nbsp;Jean-Marie Raquez ,&nbsp;Daria C. Boffito","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work covers the production of cellulose esters with varying degrees of substitution (<em>DS</em>) using ultrasound (US) power input, leveraging free fatty acids as esterification agent (<em>EA</em>) as a bio-based alternative to traditional chlorides, anhydrides and vinyl esters. The best conditions without US were achieved with oleic acid, with an <em>EA</em>/cellulose molar ratio of 6 and a temperature of 80 °C for 24 h, producing esters with a <em>DS</em> of 1.44. Applying US at 20 kHz and 4.39 W at room temperature, required &lt;30 min to produce cellulose esters with a <em>DS</em> of 0.38. Then, the effects of the US input power, reaction volume and properties of cellulose solutions on the cavitation activity were investigated by simulations in COMSOL. The density, viscosity and speed of sound in the cellulose esters solutions were measured and defined in the simulations as 936.2 kg m^-3, 23.3·10^–3 Pa.s, and 1495.8 m s^-1 for 25 g L^-1. Simulations with conditions resulting in the highest <em>DS</em> with US were characterized by the smallest acoustic cavitation volume and the lowest <em>u</em>: 9.60·10^–8 m³ and 40.06 m s^-1. US-assisted esterification produced thermoplastic esters with an energy input of 18 W g^-1 of cellulose against 93 W g^-1 required by conventional esterification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable adsorption technologies for textile dye removal: Advances in biomass-derived and magnetically modified activated carbons","authors":"Salma El Meziani ,&nbsp;Hafida Agnaou ,&nbsp;Hajar El Haddaj ,&nbsp;Wafaa Boumya ,&nbsp;Noureddine Barka ,&nbsp;Alaâeddine Elhalil","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye pollutants are a major environmental concern, largely due to their widespread discharge from textile and related industries. Once released into aquatic systems, these dyes significantly deteriorate water quality by reducing light penetration, disrupting photosynthetic activity, and posing toxic risks to both aquatic organisms and human health. As a result, the effective removal of dyes from wastewater is essential for protecting the environment and safeguarding public health. Among the various treatment options available, adsorption has gained prominence as a particularly effective, simple, and eco-friendly method. This review provides an in-depth and comprehensive examination of textile dyes and the various contemporary strategies employed for the treatment of dye-polluted wastewater, with particular focus on adsorption-based methods. It thoroughly explores the key factors affecting the efficiency of the adsorption process, including solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and the physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbent material. Special attention is given to understanding how these parameters interact to optimize dye removal performance and enhance the sustainability of wastewater treatment practices. Special attention is given to low-cost adsorbents derived from biomass waste, including pretreatment strategies that can significantly improve their adsorption performance. The review also explores regeneration methods aimed at enhancing the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the adsorption process. A dedicated section focuses on magnetic adsorbents, which offer the combined advantages of high adsorption efficiency and easy recovery from aqueous solutions using an external magnetic field. Various types of magnetic materials are examined, including their synthesis, characterization, and performance under different operating conditions. Finally, the review outlines current challenges and highlights future research directions for optimizing magnetic adsorption technologies in practical wastewater treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of shrinking core and soft computing models (ANFIS and ANN) for the leaching of copper (II) from artificially contaminated soil","authors":"Banza Jean Claude,&nbsp;Linda L. Sibali,&nbsp;Vhahangwele Masindi","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This leaching experiment optimises copper (II) leaching using sulfuric acid by integrating the shrinking core kinetic model with machine learning techniques, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), and artificial neural networks (ANN), providing a hybrid computational framework that significantly enhances predictive accuracy and leaching efficiency compared to conventional empirical approaches. The factors in the leaching process, such as acid concentration, leaching time, temperature, soil-to-solution ratio, and stirring speed, were investigated for the removal of copper (II). Experimental and computational analyses revealed that leaching efficiency is governed by diffusion through insoluble sulfate/oxide layers, with agitation speed (reducing boundary layers) and acid concentration (enhancing H⁺ access) as key drivers. Under optimal conditions (pH 5.96, 0.88 M H₂SO₄, 274 rpm, 12.5 g/200 mL solid-liquid ratio), ANFIS predicted 99.8 % Cu(II) recovery, validated experimentally. Kinetic analysis confirmed product-layer diffusion control (R² &gt; 0.99), supported by a low activation energy (17.96 kJ/mol) and rate suppression at high pH/solid ratios. The ANN (10 hidden layers, 4 inputs) outperformed ANFIS, achieving superior predictive accuracy (R² = 0.995 vs. 0.986) and lower error (RMSE: 0.061 vs. 0.129). Among the performance metrics, R² is the most critical, indicating that both models explain &gt;98.6 % of variance in leaching behaviour well above the acceptable threshold (R² &gt; 0.9) for reliable industrial prediction. The exceptionally low RMSE values (&lt;0.13) further confirm minimal deviation between experimental and predicted results. This hybrid framework bridges mechanistic insight with AI-driven optimisation, offering a 15–20 % efficiency gain over conventional methods while diagnosing rate-limiting steps for scalable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on hydrogen supplementation in a compression ignition engine fuelled with diesel/biodiesel mixtures: Efficiency and emission trade-offs","authors":"Neeraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of alternative fuels can boost energy security and minimize carbon emissions. Addressing the global climate change challenge, many countries have committed to net-zero targets. Achieving net-zero emissions necessitates decarbonizing every sector of the economy. Hydrogen, produced from renewable energy, poses minimal environmental risks, and expanding its production will aid in meeting net-zero goals. The present study investigates the impact of hydrogen induction with diesel and biodiesel (lemon and orange peel oils) in dual fuel operation to evaluate the engine performance and emissions characteristics. A single-cylinder, diesel engine was used for experimentation. The hydrogen flow rates of 4 litres per minute (L/min),6 L/min, and 8 L/min were used with diesel and biodiesel. A 32.12 % increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and a 22.89 % decrease in Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) were observed when using pure diesel combined with 6 L/min of hydrogen gas. The addition of hydrogen significantly reduced exhaust emissions. Being a carbon-free fuel, hydrogen does not directly contribute to the formation of carbon-related pollutants such as CO, HC, and PM. Furthermore, its high diffusivity and wide flammability range promote superior mixing with intake air, which enhances the homogeneity of the charge and facilitates more complete combustion. The introduction of hydrogen acts as a combustion enhancer, enabling leaner combustion with higher flame propagation rates and more efficient oxidation of the primary fuel. Diesel combined with 6 L/min of hydrogen resulted in minimal Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) as well as lower Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and smoke emissions. But the increase in cylinder temperature and pressures led to a rise in Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions caused by hydrogen addition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Optimization, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Modeling of Pulp Production from Plantain stem using the Kraft Process” [Cleaner Chemical Engineering, Volume 11, (2025), 100129]","authors":"Effi Evelyn,&nbsp;Akindele Oyetunde Okewale,&nbsp;Chiedu Ngozi Owabor","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated production of second-generation ethanol, xylosaccharides and lignin-derived products from eucalyptus residues under a biorefinery approach","authors":"Mairan Guigou ,&nbsp;Santiago Moure ,&nbsp;Florencia Cebreiros ,&nbsp;María-Noel Cabrera ,&nbsp;Juan Martín Rodao ,&nbsp;Leonardo Clavijo ,&nbsp;Alberto Liguori ,&nbsp;Laura Camesasca ,&nbsp;Eugenia Vila ,&nbsp;Mario Daniel Ferrari ,&nbsp;Claudia Lareo","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the integrated utilization of eucalyptus sawdust for producing bioethanol and value-added co-products, such as xylose and lignin, with potential applications in various chemical industries. The sawdust underwent two pretreatment stages: an acid pretreatment with diluted phosphoric acid, followed by an alkaline treatment. The optimal acid pretreatment condition was 160 °C, 0.6 % phosphoric acid for 40 min, yielding a xylose concentration of 15.8 g/L and an 87 % xylosaccharides recovery. The resulting solid fraction was then treated with an alkaline solution to extract lignin, recovered with a 61 % yield. High enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies of the pretreated solids were achieved, with glucose concentrations ranging from 105 to 162 g/L, resulting in glucose yields of 34 g/100 g dry sawdust. The best alkaline pretreatment condition was 14 % NaOH for 60 min. The separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation strategy was the most effective for ethanol production, yielding 73 g/L of ethanol and 171 L per ton of sawdust. Additionally, lignin could replace up to 30 % of the phenol-formaldehyde resin used in adhesives, improving bond strength and offering a cost-effective alternative. These findings highlight the potential of eucalyptus sawdust as a sustainable resource for bioethanol production and value-added chemical products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and selective glucose conversion in a low temperature photocatalysis-assisted hydrothermal process over TiO2-few layer graphene and Ta-doped TiO2 (photo)catalysts","authors":"Hamza El Marouazi ,&nbsp;Insaf Abdouli ,&nbsp;Nadine Essayem ,&nbsp;Chantal Guillard ,&nbsp;Valérie Keller ,&nbsp;Izabela Janowska","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study reports significantly enhanced glucose conversion under coupled low temperature hydrothermal-photocatalytic conditions with TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) catalysts and the formation of various high-value-added chemicals such as gluconic acid, arabinose, erythrose and presumably levulinic acid (LevA) isomer, referred to single activation mode. TiO₂ NPs, TiO₂ combined with few layer graphene (FLG/TiO₂) and TiO₂ doped with tantalum catalysts with different physicochemical features, including surface acidity properties are investigated (Lewis acid sites in the catalysts are assessed by dihydroxyacetone (DHA) transformation and pyridine adsorption by FTIR). The doping with Ta is beneficial in the photocatalytic conversion, while the FLG integration has a positive impact in photo-, and especially in thermal- and coupled process. On the other hand, the coupled process reveals the synergetic effect of the photo and thermal mode with doubled/tripled conversion of glucose, particularly for FLG/TiO₂ (1 wt% of FLG). The improved properties of this original catalyst are related to high density of jaggy FLG edges as significant acid sites, sites for glucose adsorption and TiO₂ efficient surface and interface formation, along with high charge transport and heat transfer via the conjugated <em>C</em> = <em>C</em> lattice. The results pave the way for ongoing engineering of catalysts and processes for efficient and selective biomass valorization at low thermal energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depolymerization of LDPE under low pressure-hydrothermal processing and pressurized pyrolysis: Effect of the ZSM-5 catalyst","authors":"Joel Reza,&nbsp;Edith Meneses-Ruiz,&nbsp;Patricia Pérez-Romo,&nbsp;Alfonso López-Ortega,&nbsp;Georgina C. Laredo","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the performance of autogenous pressurized pyrolysis (P-PYR) and low-pressure hydrothermal liquefaction (LP-HT) for transforming low-density polyethylene (LDPE) into gasoline-range and diesel-range hydrocarbons. Both processes were carried out in a closed reactor, at temperatures from 350 to 450 °C. The effect of ZSM-5 zeolite as a catalyst was also analyzed. The evaluated parameters included the amount of the gas, oil, and wax fractions formed; the chemical composition of the gas and liquid fractions; and the simulated distillations (SIMDIS) of the liquid fractions. The distillation curves obtained by SIMDIS were used to estimate the yield of gasoline range and diesel-range hydrocarbon fractions. In the non-catalyzed processes, all the products had nearly the same composition, indicating that water had a limited effect on the depolymerization process. In the catalyzed processes, there was a slight change in the yield of the recovered products when water was present. The ZSM-5 zeolite also had an impact on the chemical composition of the produced fractions. Without the catalyst, both LP-HT and P-PYR (at 400 °C) produced about 40 % gasoline-range and 25 % diesel-range hydrocarbons, leading to a total yield of fuel-range hydrocarbons of around 65 %. When the ZSM-5 catalyst was used, the recovered oil mostly contained single-ring aromatic compounds, leading to a fuel yield of around 44 % (at 375 °C), with gasoline-range hydrocarbons making up 36–38 % and diesel-range hydrocarbons 6–8 %. The results indicate that ZSM-5 zeolite can alter the makeup of the thermochemical products from LDPE, and at the experimental conditions studied, water only had a limited effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the role of material substitution in cost reduction and demand mitigation for sustainable wind energy infrastructure","authors":"Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an integrated assessment of how material substitution can lower costs and reduce mineral demand in sustainable wind energy infrastructure. Using a multidimensional modeling framework, the study forecast demand for key minerals—including copper, neodymium, dysprosium, and nickel—between 2023 and 2050 under different global policy scenarios such as Stated Policies, Announced Pledges, and Net Zero targets. The methodology combines historical trend analysis, growth forecasting using nonlinear regression, and scenario-based projections to model future demand patterns. The study assesses how changes in price and availability influence mineral use through economic sensitivity modeling and elasticity analysis, identifying which materials are most responsive to market shifts. Risk and uncertainty are quantified using Monte Carlo simulations that model a wide range of future outcomes, including supply disruptions and policy volatility. Optimization modeling is employed to identify substitution pathways—such as advanced composites and engineered alternatives—that maintain turbine performance while reducing reliance on critical or high-cost materials. The results suggest that material substitution strategies can reduce total mineral demand by up to 25 % and cut production costs by 10–30 %, particularly in rare-earth-intensive components. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, manufacturers, and investors seeking to align energy infrastructure development with environmental and economic sustainability. While comprehensive, the analysis acknowledges certain limitations. The projections are scenario-based and depend on assumptions about technological innovation, market dynamics, and policy execution. Additionally, uncertainties in global mineral reserve data and supply chain transparency may influence the accuracy of demand forecasts. Overall, this research provides a data-driven, novel roadmap for building more resilient, cost-efficient, and environmentally responsible wind energy systems by integrating substitution technologies and sustainable material strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of support on Ni-based catalysts for dry reforming of methane","authors":"Sardar Ali ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Khader","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the development and evaluation of Ni-based catalysts supported on La₂O₃, ZrO₂, and Al₂O₃ for dry methane reformation. The catalysts were synthesized using the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method, characterized using several cutting-edge analytical tools, and tested for CO₂ reformation of methane in a fixed bed plug-flow reactor. Catalytic activity and physicochemical properties of the studied catalysts varied considerably, indicating that the nature of support had a considerable impact. The Ni/Al₂O₃ nanocatalyst outperformed the Ni/La₂O₃ and Ni/ZrO₂ catalysts in terms of catalytic activity and stability during the DRM process. During T.O.S. stability tests, the Ni/La₂O₃ catalyst demonstrated higher initial CH₄ conversion (∼95.3 %) than the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst (∼88.7 %). However, after 50 h on stream, the Ni/La₂O₃ catalyst deactivated significantly, but the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst remained active. Amongst the catalysts tested, the zirconia-supported Ni catalyst had the least activity and demonstrated no activity at temperatures below 800 °C. The analysis of the TPR profile of the Ni/ZrO₂ catalyst demonstrated the presence of α-NiO species, indicating a weak metal to support contact, resulting in deactivation due to carbon deposition and aggregation of active sites. The thermogram of the Ni/La₂O₃ catalyst indicated a combination of two Ni species. The first reduction peak at 342.2 °C occurred by the reduction of α-NiO species. The second reduction peak at 695 °C was caused by the reduction of surface β-NiO species. The absence of δ-NiO species in the La₂O₃ crystals suggests that Ni²⁺ did not induce inside the lattice. In contrast, Ni/Al₂O₃ showed the presence of NiAl₂O₄ nanocrystallite (δ-NiO) spinel and NiO-Al₂O₃ solid solution, responsible for high activity and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}