Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the influence of thermodynamic equation of state and simulation software on modelling the CO2 solubility in physical solvents","authors":"Mohsen Abbaszadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most useful physical solvents in the industry are Propylene Carbonate (Fluor Solvent^SM), Methanol (Rectisol), Dimethyl Ether of Polyethylene Glycol (DEPG - Selexol) and Sulfolane. To address the challenge of choosing the right software and property package, two commercial software packages, HYSYS 14.0 and ProMax 6.0, are used to model the CO₂ solubility experimental data in the above physical solvents at operating pressures and temperatures as this two software are the most applicable software in gas treating simulations. The property packages of Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and their regressed versions for CO2 capture purposes by Fluor Corporation and Bryan Research and Engineering LLC are utilized. The results show that the HYSYS Fluor property package demonstrates the strongest agreement with experimental CO₂ solubility data in propylene carbonate. In the case of CO₂ solubility in methanol, despite HYSYS showing a warning and guiding user to choose Acid Gas property package, HYSYS PR offers a more accurate match below 273.15 K compared with HYSYS Acid Gas and HYSYS Fluor property package and ProMax Polar property packages. ProMax PR and SRK demonstrate a stronger performance in modelling CO₂ solubility in sulfolane at all temperatures compared to HYSYS. Both the HYSYS PR and SRK property packages show a high accuracy in modelling CO₂ solubility data in DEPG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of olive leaf extract on the physicochemical properties of bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil developed from Neem seed oil","authors":"Delkoumnode Bassol Marius ,&nbsp;Yinka Sofihullahi Sanusi ,&nbsp;Shitu Abubakar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Kaisan","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, mineral-based oil is the most popular used lubricant in hair-clipper applications. However, producing these petroleum-based lubricants contributes to environmental pollution and climate change. This study explores the effect of olive leaf extract on the physicochemical properties of a bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil derived from neem seed oil. Neem crude oil was synthesised using a double transesterification method to develop a neem bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil. The produce neem bio-lubricant was blended with olive leaf extract at concentrations of 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, and 200 mg/ml to enhance its anti-bacterial properties. The physicochemical properties of the blend, including viscosity, density, flash point, and pour point, were evaluated to determine its suitability as a sustainable alternative to conventional clipper oil. The results indicated that the flash point of the blended bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil was 180 °C, 195 °C, and 210 °C respectively, and they were found to be within the minimum requirement of the ISO standard value (EN ISO 2719) and above the conventional clipper oil (129 °C). From the pour point values obtained, the blended bio-lubricant offers a poorer value of 3 °C and 8 °C compared to that of ISO standard value (ISO standard 3016) and conventional clipper oil (-40 to -6 °C). It was also observed that the viscosities of 14.5 cSt, 15.6 cSt, and 16.7 cSt for the blended bio-lubricant conform with the minimum requirement of the ISO standard value (EN ISO 3104) and that of conventional clipper oil (7.5 to 90 cSt) at 40 °C. The density values of the blended bio-lubricant (0.897, 0.898, and 0.902) were found to be slightly above that of the ISO standard value (EN ISO 12185) and the conventional clipper oil (0.85–0.88). The antibacterial sensitivity test results of the blended bio-lubricant demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against all tested microorganisms at both high and low concentrations, except for Escherichia coli, which showed moderate sensitivity at low concentrations (50 mg/mL). In general, the results of this work show that the bio-based hair clipper lubricating oil is a potential alternative to conventional clipper oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorptive processes applied to the defluorination of groundwater for human consumption","authors":"Júlia Toffoli De Oliveira ,&nbsp;Letícia Reggiane de Carvalho Costa ,&nbsp;Keila Guerra Pacheco Nunes ,&nbsp;Vanessa Jurado-Davila ,&nbsp;Robson Alves de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Elvis Carissimi ,&nbsp;Liliana Amaral Féris","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contamination of groundwater by fluoride ions can occur through both natural and anthropogenic activities, such as the discharge of industrial waste containing this compound. Thus, effective fluoride removal from groundwater is essential to ensure safe drinking water. This study evaluated the performance of adsorption techniques for defluoridating groundwater in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Preliminary tests were conducted using synthetic solutions with a fluoride concentration of 5 mg.L⁻¹, applying several adsorbents. Additionally, an ultrasonic process was used to synthesize an adsorbent from activated alumina pre-treated with carbon (AACP) and modified with ZnCl₂ (AA-ZnCl₂). The AACP and AA-ZnCl₂ were characterized through BET, EDS, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FT-IR analysis. A Central Composite Design and response surface methodology were applied to optimize adsorption efficiency, focusing these factors: pH and adsorbent dosage. Kinetic and isotherm adsorption tests were conducted for both AACP and AA-ZnCl₂. The results showed that AACP achieved fluoride removal efficiencies of 65.4 % in synthetic solutions and 38.6 % in groundwater. The AA-ZnCl₂ demonstrated superior performance, removing over 98 % of fluoride in synthetic solutions and 55.4 % in groundwater, across a pH range of 4 to 10, with an optimal solid dosage of 3 g.L⁻¹. For an initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg.L⁻¹, a removal efficiency of 97.4 % was achieved within 5 min of contact time. The kinetic adsorption data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while the Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for the adsorption isotherm data. The findings in this work indicate hat ZnCl₂-modified activated alumina, synthesized with ultrasonic assistance, is highly effective for defluoridating groundwater for safe human consumption being an alternative method to be implemented in an industrial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of different laboratory-scale techniques for preventing coal spontaneous combustion","authors":"Theodora Noely Tambaria,&nbsp;Yuichi Sugai,&nbsp;Takehiro Esaki","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of this study is to investigate laboratory-scale techniques aimed at preventing an increase in heat flux, which can potentially lead to spontaneous coal combustion. This research involves two pieces of equipment designed to analyze the heat flux on untreated coal and coal treated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The laboratory equipment consists of a copper cell capable of holding up to 75 ml of coal samples and an aluminum cell designed to accommodate up to 3.17 ml of coal samples. The results on untreated coal showed that copper cell had a higher heat flux and took longer to reach the heat flux peak than aluminum cell. The aluminum cell provided more excellent stability, resulting in consistent heat distribution and dependable outcomes. The analysis using copper and aluminum cells on coal treated with PVA indicates that PVA can effectively reduce the heat of combustion by 35 %. This finding could have significant implications for future coal combustion studies. This study provides valuable insights for future research into coal spontaneous combustion experiments and using PVA to prevent spontaneous coal combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological maturity and future perspectives for green diesel production in Brazil","authors":"Lucas Sudré dos Santos,&nbsp;Henrique Gasparetto,&nbsp;Nina Paula Gonçalves Salau","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During technological and social development, non-renewable sources were used to generate energy in various forms. The overexploitation of fossil fuel sources has raised significant concerns about environmental impacts. Given the need to transition to developing a more sustainable energy matrix, biofuels play an essential role as the transport sector contributes to a large percentage of gas emissions into the atmosphere. Among them, green diesel is an advanced biofuel obtained on an industrial scale, mainly by the catalytic hydrotreating of vegetable oils. In terms of technology and properties, green diesel stands out as a drop-in biofuel, which lacks blending restrictions with conventional diesel due to its chemical similarity. This biofuel also contains fewer impurities and has better combustion performance and an efficient production process. The leading green diesel manufacturing technologies are the main topic of this technological prospection review. Their particularities regarding industrial maturity are discussed, and challenges, opportunities, and drawbacks are considered and discussed for the Brazilian scenario. This analysis shows that although existing technologies have higher technological maturity, Brazil would have a special tendency toward catalytic hydrotreating for producing renewable diesel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the gold nanoparticles' Synthesis and application in dye degradation","authors":"Irum Jamil ,&nbsp;Fawad Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Khan ,&nbsp;Abdallah Shanableh ,&nbsp;Nosheen Farooq ,&nbsp;Saima Anjum ,&nbsp;Muhammad Babar Taj","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we covered the recent advances in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their uses in the degradation of dyes. This study provides a framework to develop a low-cost, eco-friendly, and highly efficient synthesis of AuNPs. From these synthesis methods, toxic by-products are not produced. The present study focuses on the removal of dyes by AuNPs because AuNPs act as suitable absorbents for dyes in a short time. Synthesis of AuNPs from plant extracts, e.g., marine alga, Scutellarin Barbata, Alpinia nigra, Fruit peels, Bacillus marisflavi from raw silk cocoons, amylopectin and poly acrylic acid, L. asparagine, Graphene oxide, LPEI coated AuNPs. The synthesized AuNPs were used further to remove dyes like methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB) degradation, methyl orange, acid red degradation, and Congo red.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypropylene to transportation fuel grade hydrocarbons over γ-alumina catalyst","authors":"Sathyapal R. Churipard ,&nbsp;Adrian Alejandro Rodriguez Pinos ,&nbsp;Sundaramurthy Vedachalam ,&nbsp;Maliheh Heravi ,&nbsp;Ajay K. Dalai ,&nbsp;Saumitra Saxena ,&nbsp;Bassam Dally","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catalytic upgrading of plastics to valuable fuels and chemicals is an attractive route to valorize waste plastics. Herein, catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene was performed over γ-Al₂O₃ as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce fuel-grade hydrocarbons. The use of an inexpensive γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst and mild reaction conditions led to high liquid yield selectively in gasoline-range hydrocarbons which stands out from most of the work reported in the literature for polypropylene pyrolysis. The reaction conditions of pyrolysis were optimized by the Box-Behnken Design approach utilizing the response surface methodology. The highest liquid yield of 88.1 wt.% was obtained at 470 °C temperature, with 2 wt.% of catalysts and 5 h reaction time. The amount of solid carbon was insignificant (0.7 wt.%) and the gas yield was 11.2 wt.%. The γ-Al₂O₃ showed high efficiency and stability for converting polypropylene to liquid fuels. The catalyst was highly stable, reusable, and showed similar catalytic activity for 3 recycles. These features and the highly selective conversion of PP to gasoline range fuels are crucial for large-scale applications. The GC–MS analysis revealed that the liquid fuel produced mostly contained C8 to C15 hydrocarbons encompassing mostly gasoline and a small fraction of diesel fuel and higher hydrocarbons. The GC–MS data was also supported by SimDist analysis, which exhibited the boiling point ranging from 100 °C to 260 °C for the liquid fuel product. The reaction temperature and time had a significant impact on the liquid yield. The higher temperature favored the formation of the gaseous product of C1-C3 hydrocarbons. The NMR analysis showed that the liquid products mostly contained the highest amount of paraffins followed by olefins and a small fraction of aromatics. The presence of mild acidity in the γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst and optimum reaction condition provides favorable conditions to produce the highest yield of transportation fuel grade hydrocarbons without over-cracking into gases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782324000093/pdfft?md5=a381aa9a8bd76006310d6000c12790a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782324000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of furfural production from xylose over sulfated titanium-niobium mixed oxides catalyst in biphasic system","authors":"Sophia Bakili ,&nbsp;Thomas Kivevele ,&nbsp;Cecil K. King'ondu","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the use of SO₄^2-/TiO₂<img>Nb₂O₅ (STNO) catalyst prepared through the modified sol-gel method in the process of xylose dehydration to furfural. The reaction was carried out in a biphasic solvent consisting of toluene and water. The catalyst used in this study was subjected to several characterization methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The textural properties of the catalyst were evaluated by conducting N₂ adsorption and desorption measurements using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The impact of catalyst dosage, resident time, xylose concentration, and reaction temperature in the dehydration of xylose to produce furfural was explored. The study employed response surface methodology to identify the optimal operational parameters that would result in the highest furfural selectivity. At a reaction temperature of 150 °C and a reaction time of 180 min, a maximum conversion of xylose of 98 mol%, furfural selectivity of 74 mol%, and a furfural yield of 63 mol% was obtained. The activation energy for the synthesized catalyst was determined to be 26.7 KJ/mol. The results of this investigation show the great potential that sulfated titanium-niobium mixed oxides have in transforming biomass resources into value-added compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232400010X/pdfft?md5=012adbf5dc73a7949872b2528879e1c7&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232400010X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How sustainability can get a competitive advantage: State of the art for stationary battery storage systems","authors":"Benjamin Achzet ,&nbsp;Denise Ott ,&nbsp;Rica Fleiner ,&nbsp;Marvin Gornik ,&nbsp;Andrea Thorenz ,&nbsp;Christoph Helbig","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stationary battery storage systems are becoming a critical energy infrastructure around the world. Therefore, responsible handling of battery materials is a fundamental precondition to avoid future social, environmental, and political conflicts. Global battery regulations support sustainable batteries to drive new business models on reuse, remanufacturing and recycling. With strict environmental market entry barriers, the EU will set minimum sustainability standards with the new EU-Battery Directive. The US Inflation Reduction Act provides financial incentives for a scale-up of the domestic battery industry. A hotspot analysis for the residential storage system VARTA.wall shows that a combination of reuse and recycling strategies can reduce the climate change impact by up to 45% and mineral resource use by up to 50% compared to initial battery designs. However, specific sustainability criteria and manufacturer-independent standards need to be set up by politics and industry organizations to bring the necessary technical and logistic infrastructure to the market. The challenge is to set up sustainability criteria strict enough to ensure responsible material handling but still allow cost-effective, practical solutions as well as affordable battery standards. Therefore, our analysis shows the limits of current and the need for future regulations to shift market incentives to sustainable batteries and their infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic limitation of recent heterogeneous catalysts for ammonia synthesis","authors":"Masaki Yoshida ,&nbsp;Takaya Ogawa ,&nbsp;Keiichi N. Ishihara","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic performance of newly developed catalysts for ammonia synthesis, Ru/Ca(NH₂)₂ and Ru/Pr₂O₃, are evaluated by process simulation using Aspen Plus©. The results show that the high activity of the new catalysts reduces the electricity cost for pressurizing reactant gases; however, the electricity for lowering the temperature in ammonia separation through liquefaction is significant due to the mitigated pressure and almost compensates for the decreased cost. The results show an economic limitation to current research trends that develop a catalyst for ammonia synthesis under low pressure. It is noted that catalyst costs are high due to expensive ruthenium; thus, the lifetime of catalysts significantly influences the total cost. With the assumption of a long lifetime of catalysts, the new catalysts are advantageous when the electricity cost is high, the characteristics of the case in which renewable energy is employed. As the future direction of the catalyst development, recycling or extending the lifetime of the catalysts and replacing Ru with cheap metal will be crucial from the economic viewpoint. Moreover, effective methods for ammonia collection, such as adsorbents, should be focused on reducing the electricity of ammonia liquefaction in cooling separation and giving a vital meaning to the condition mitigated by the newly developed catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}