Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable valorization of textile industry cotton waste through pyrolysis for biochar production","authors":"Fatema Tujjohra ,&nbsp;Md. Ehsanul Haque ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Kader ,&nbsp;Mohammed Mizanur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel and sustainable approach to the valorization of textile spinning industry waste cotton (WC) through direct pyrolysis, converting it into high-quality biochar with enhanced energy potential and structural stability. This research systematically examines the impact of pyrolysis temperature (300–500°C) on biochar yield, composition, and physicochemical properties to optimize conditions for maximum carbon retention and energy efficiency. The results indicate that biochar yield decreased from Biochar yield decreased from 50.5 % at 300°C to 26.7 % at 500°C, while fixed carbon content increased from 59.33 % to 68.65 %. Elemental analysis revealed a rise in carbon content (53.13 % to 73.62 %) and reductions in oxygen (46.7 % to 13.27 %) and hydrogen (6.06 % to 2.79 %), enhancing thermal stability. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated a transition from amorphous cellulose to condensed graphitic carbon at higher temperatures. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed superior thermal resistance, with biochar retaining 14.7 % of its mass at 800°C. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed key thermal transitions, with the endothermic peak shifting from 65.5°C in raw WC to 79.6°C at 500°C, indicating increased thermal stability. The calorific value peaked at 27.31 MJ/kg at 400°C, making it a promising solid biofuel. Additionally, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed a substantial increase in porosity, with the highest specific surface area of 225.24 m²/g at 500°C, improving biochar's potential for adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. These findings contribute to optimizing pyrolysis conditions for waste cotton valorization, supporting circular economy principles, reducing environmental pollution, and enhancing renewable energy applications. By integrating pyrolysis into textile waste management, this study offers a scalable and eco-friendly strategy for sustainable energy recovery and environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring date palm ash for greener enhanced oil recovery: Experimental and simulation studies on thermophysical properties and recovery performance","authors":"Olalekan S. Alade ,&nbsp;Jafar S. Ahmad ,&nbsp;Ammar Al-Ramadan ,&nbsp;Eassa Abdullah ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable oil recovery has become imperative due to environmental and economic concerns. It has also necessitated exploration of plant-based injectants for enhanced chemical oil recovery (CEOR). Date palm ash (DPA) is a waste product from combustion of palm fibers and shells. In this research, injection of DPA solution for CEOR has been proposed due to its high alkalinity. For this purpose, a series of studies including experimental determination of physico-chemical properties as well as thermodynamic modeling and simulation of thermophysical properties have been employed to characterize DPA solutions. Subsequently, numerical modeling and simulation of EOR performance considering DPA-polymer injection was conducted as proof of concept. Experimental results show that DPA contains different elements including Ca, K, Mg, Al, Na, P, S, Cl, and Si, as well as transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn, typical of wood biomass ash. In addition, an alkaline medium (pH: 10 - 13) was obtained from 0.1 - 10 % wt/wt. DPA solution. The thermodynamic simulation and analysis show that the hypothetical DPA solution is characterized by the presence of basic cations (Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺), hydroxides (CaOH⁺ and MgOH⁺), and carbonates (CO₃^2- and HCO₃^-). Furthermore, pertinent thermophysical properties including osmotic pressure (39.04 - 4469.8 kPa), ionic strength (0.0148 - 1.194 mol/kgw), heat capacity (75.21 - 157.21 kJ/kgmole), and conductivity (1.42 - 125.21 mS/cm) were calculated for the solution. Similarly, the viscosity, density, and molecular weight of the DPA solution (0.1 - 10 % wt/wt.) were found to range between 0.891 to 1.047 cP, 0.9998 to 1.08 g/cm³, and 18.03 to 19.6 g/mol, respectively. Ultimately, the EOR simulation showed that DPA solution could be applied for alkaline assisted polymer flooding to mitigate polymer adsorption and improve oil recovery with overall performance similar to those observed using synthetic caustic (NaOH) injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of coal rank, ash, mineral content, and maceral composition on CO2 adsorption in South African coals","authors":"Kasturie Premlall,&nbsp;Lawrence Koech","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the influence of coal rank, ash content, mineral matter, and maceral composition on the CO₂ adsorption capacity of ten distinct South African coal samples. A high-pressure volumetric adsorption system (HPVAS) was utilized to assess CO₂ sorption characteristics under supercritical conditions at 35 °C and pressures up to 85 bar. Comprehensive characterization, including proximate and ultimate analysis, petrographic analysis, and density determination, was conducted to understand how these factors influence CO₂ adsorption. The findings reveal that higher-rank coals (HRC), particularly those with vitrinite reflectance above 1.2%, demonstrated superior CO₂ adsorption capacities, reaching up to 2.17 mmol/g. Medium-rank coals (MRC) with higher inertinite content showed lower adsorption capacities, with the lowest recorded at 0.78 mmol/g, except for the IN coal sample. CO₂ adsorption increased with vitrinite reflectance, particularly within the 0.51% to 0.81% range for medium-rank coals. Linear increase in CO₂ adsorption capacity was noted as carbon content increased from MRC towards HRC particularly in SM and AN coals. An increase in volatile matter content corresponded with a significant decline in CO₂ sorption capacity. Additionally, a negative correlation between ash content, mineral matter, liptinite, inertinite, and CO₂ adsorption capacity was evident, likely due to pore obstruction and reduced surface area. Liptinite-rich coals, such as BL, GN, EM, and WG, exhibited decreased adsorption capacity, with BL showing the highest liptinite content at 5.5%. The analysis indicates that while ash content influences sorption capacity, the organic matter, especially vitrinite, serve as the primary sites for gas adsorption. The findings of this study will enhance understanding of the CO₂ adsorption behaviour of South African coals supporting the funding from highly intensive CO₂ emitting industries to enable further research of carbon capture and storage (CCS) pilot projects tailored to regional coal properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of waste avocado–banana fruit peels catalyst in the transesterification of non-edible Mafura kernel oil: Process optimization by Taguchi","authors":"A.O. Etim,&nbsp;P. Musonge","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit waste resources are expansive carriers of fundamental minerals and chemicals that are useful in energy generation. In this work, the combination of waste avocado and banana fruit peels as an active, environmentally friendly catalyst was studied in the transesterification of Mafura kernel oil (MKO), a non-edible oil with a high FFA content of 5 %. The catalyst was produced by calcining the burnt waste fruit materials at 700 °C. The calcined biochar was further examined for structural, chemical, and thermal properties using scientific instruments such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and DSC-TGA. The results showed that inorganic minerals and carbonates of Sylvite (KCl), calcium phosphate (Ca₅(PO₄)₃), monticellite (K₂MgSiO₄), and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) were obtained after the calcination, which facilitated the conversion of MKO via a one-step transesterification process. The L9 orthogonal Taguchi design-response surface methodology (RSM-L9OTD) was employed to optimize and statistically characterize the transesterification process. The ideal conditions established for the process variables for the optimum yield were CH₃OH: MKO molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst loading of 4.5 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, and time 80 min. The results showed that the Mafura kernel methyl ester (MKOME), which is within the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 specified standard, was obtained at a confirmatory optimum yield of 96.06 % using the above conditions. Thus, the utilized feedstock offers attractive feasibility to sustainable biodiesel development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of chitosan-based antimicrobial films: A sustainable alternative to plastic packaging","authors":"Hasan Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Ashikur Rahaman Noyon ,&nbsp;Md. Elias Uddin ,&nbsp;Md Mostoba Rafid ,&nbsp;Md. Sabbir Hosen ,&nbsp;Rama Kanta Layek","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of biodegradable bioplastic packaging is essential for reducing environmental pollution and minimizing non-biodegradable waste accumulation. In this study, a biodegradable plastic film was fabricated by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS) derived from shrimp shells, and gelatin (GE) in a 6:2:2 ratio. Crosslinked chitosan and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) at a 95:5 ratio was incorporated into the matrix, and the bioplastic film was produced via a simple solution casting method. The developed composite underwent extensive characterization, including FTIR, UV–Vis, TGA, XRD, and SEM analyses. Results indicated high thermal stability and homogeneity, as confirmed by TGA and SEM. The bioplastic exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 64.68 MPa and an elongation at break of 25.38 %, along with optimal density, thickness, water absorption, and a suitable melting point. Biodegradation studies showed 80.92 % degradation in two months by soil microbes, and biotoxicity tests confirmed its safety for crops (rice seeds). Additionally, the bioplastic, containing 15.2 % chitosan, demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, highlighting its potential as a sustainable alternative for food packaging. This study presents a promising bioplastic film with the potential to replace conventional non-biodegradable packaging while enhancing food safety through its antibacterial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biowaste-derived activated carbon from spent coffee grounds for volumetric hydrogen storage","authors":"Andrew K. Gillespie ,&nbsp;Adam D. Smith ,&nbsp;Sean Sweeny ,&nbsp;Mark Sweeny ,&nbsp;Zeke A. Piskulich ,&nbsp;Ernest Knight ,&nbsp;Matthew Prosniewski ,&nbsp;Samantha M. Gillespie ,&nbsp;David Stalla","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoporous activated carbon materials were prepared from biowaste (spent coffee grounds) as a renewable and practical system for enhanced hydrogen storage at room temperature. Chemical charring and activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) were performed to expand the pore network, increase the specific surface area, and improve the volumetric storage capacity. These materials were characterized using helium pycnometry, nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The activation procedure resulted in a bimodal pore size distribution and a large fraction of nanopores of 7 Å pore widths that are optimal for hydrogen storage. Specific surface areas of 2595 m²/g were achieved with a crystalline volumetric storage capacity of 9.84 g/L at room temperature and 100 bar. This corresponds to an energy density around 1.18 MJ/L, which is a 28% improvement over compressed gas alone. This biowaste-derived material has the same volumetric storage capacity as the commercially available, petroleum-derived adsorbent, Maxsorb (MSC-30) produced by Kansai Coke. This demonstrates that reversible, physical adsorption of hydrogen on materials produced from biowaste may be used as a more ecologically friendly improvement for renewable energy storage. A similar performance can be achieved by engineering a range of biowaste-based adsorbent materials that involve cleaner precursors compared to the petroleum-based adsorbent materials currently offered on the market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally activated adsorbent derived from kitchen biowaste for treatment of tannery wastewater","authors":"Md. Abul Hashem,&nbsp;Syeda Fariha Rahman,&nbsp;Sasbir Rahman Sium,&nbsp;Modinatul Maoya,&nbsp;Md. Mukimujjaman Miem,&nbsp;Afsana Akther Mimi,&nbsp;Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discharge of unprocessed tannery wastewater is a major environmental concern. It contains harmful chemicals and metals, especially chromium. This study explored the chromium adsorption on the thermally activated kitchen biowaste adsorbent (TAKBWA) from the tannery effluent. Before and after treatment, the TAKBWA were characterized through SEM, FT-IR, EDS, and pHpzc. In a batch test at optimal conditions, chromium removal was achieved at 99.92 % with an adsorbent dose of 1.2 g per 50 mL wastewater, a stirring time of 10 min, and a relative pH of 7.9. The pHpzc indicates the adsorption worked on the positive surface of TAKBWA. The adsorption was well fitted for the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic studies ensured that adsorption was chemically regulated, spontaneous, and exothermic. The adsorption reaction was chemisorption with a greater adsorbent-adsorbate (chromium) interaction. A reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (46.0 %), chemical oxygen demand (13.5 %), and chloride (20.1 %) of the tannery effluent was achieved. Hence, TAKBWA can be considered to treat the tannery wastewater, especially chromium removal before discharge to the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean biochar as highly efficient adsorbent for ofloxacin from aqueous and CO2 from gaseous phase: Mathematical modelling and regeneration studies","authors":"Vaishnavi Gomase ,&nbsp;Tejaswini Rathi ,&nbsp;Aparna Muley ,&nbsp;D. Saravanan ,&nbsp;Ravin Jugade","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study seeks to repurpose soybean biowaste by activating and pyrolyzing it, resulting in phosphoric acid-treated soybean biochar (PTSB). The novelty of this approach lies in its ability to effectively remove both aqueous and gaseous pollutants, making it a versatile solution for environmental remediation. By transforming agricultural waste into a high-value material, this method not only promotes sustainability but also offers a dual-purpose adsorbent capable of addressing a broader range of contaminants than traditional adsorbents. This innovative process represents a significant advancement in both waste valorization and pollution control. With a substantial surface area of 289.82 m² g⁻¹, this carbonized biochar effectively adsorbs ofloxacin (OFX) from water and captures CO₂ in its gaseous form. Characterization of PTSB was conducted using various techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), resulting in over 95 % adsorption efficiency. Isotherm and kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption process adheres to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Notably, a significant observation was made regarding the increase in adsorption with rising temperature. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_m) at temperatures of 303 K, 313 K, and 323 K were determined to be 96.83 mg g⁻¹, 147.56 mg g⁻¹, and 201.82 mg g⁻¹, respectively, as derived from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Examination of CO₂ sequestration at various temperatures demonstrated highest adsorption recorded at 273 K, reaching 49.96 mL g⁻¹. Furthermore, Q_st values for CO₂ removal were consistently below 40 kJ mol⁻¹, indicating a physisorption process. Furthermore, mathematical modeling techniques were applied to forecast the OFX breakthrough curve and assess various removal approaches. The results of this research aid in the advancement of efficient remediation techniques aimed at reducing the environmental repercussions of OFX contamination. The study investigated the regeneration of PTSB and the degradation of OFX using reagents, UV, and gamma radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143351015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering methanolysis of Calophyllum inophyllum oil into biodiesel using KOH-doped Aegle marmelos biochar catalyst: Thermo-kinetics, optimization and cost analysis","authors":"Bisheswar Karmakar ,&nbsp;Gopinath Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study presents the catalysed conversion of <em>Calophyllum inophyllum</em> oil with methanol into biodiesel using a single stage approach. Here, the catalyst development essentially valorises waste <em>Aegle marmelos</em> fruit shell through carbonization and subsequent doping with KOH. An indigenously developed heterogeneous catalyst was obtained that can be easily recovered and reused multiple times, proving to be cost efficient according to calculated estimates. This also reduces fuel synthesis costs owing to drastic reduction in wastewater generation. The reaction is optimized through central composite design (CCD) using five process parameters viz. reaction temperature, duration, catalyst concentration, methanol concentration and agitation speed, which resulted in maximum fuel yield of 95.77 %. Conversion of oil was optimal using methanol at 40 %w/w concentration at 60 °C reaction temperature, when the reaction occurs for a duration of 150 min with KOH-doped catalyst at 4 %w/w concentration, requiring a high agitation speed of 850 rpm. From analysis of variance (ANOVA) studies it is clear that the developed model is consistent and statistically relevant. From kinetic and thermodynamic studies, it is seen that the base catalysed transesterification has an activation energy (<em>E_a</em>) = 98.895 kJ/mol and frequency factor (<em>A</em>) = 90.74 min^-1, as the reaction is endothermic since enthalpy change (ΔH) was noted to be 809.64 J, along with an entropy change (ΔS) of -64.59 J/K-mol, showing it to be non-spontaneous as well as increasing order in the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ synthesize of Ag NPs/SiO2 nanocomposite by gamma ray and its application as catalyst in decolorization of dyes","authors":"M. Bagherzadeh ,&nbsp;M.H. Choopan Dastjerdi ,&nbsp;J. Mokhtari ,&nbsp;F. Abadian-Naeini ,&nbsp;M. Mohsennia","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the surface of nano silica (SiO₂), Ag NPs/SiO₂, were synthesized in-situ from Ag⁺ solution by using gamma radiation within a research reactor via a simple method. To accomplish this, a radiation cell was designed and manufactured close to the reactor's core. The cell was designed to allow gamma radiation to samples without neutron collisions and prevent the samples from becoming radioactive. After ensuring that the suspension samples received at least 25 kGy, the synthesized Ag NPs/SiO₂ nanocomposite was separated, washed, and dried. Samples of Ag NPs/SiO₂ were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM, and EDXA methods to ensure their successful synthesis. The FE-SEM images of nanocomposite showed that the cubic Ag NPs with mostly 100 ± 4 nm particles size, had successfully formed and were well dispersed on the SiO₂ surface. After that, the efficiency of the prepared Ag NPs/SiO₂ nanocomposite in catalyzing the decolorization reduction reaction of methylene blue (MB), Congo red (CR), and methyl orange (MO) dyes in the presence of NaBH₄ was investigated. The results showed that the Ag NPs/SiO₂ nanocomposite catalysts completely decolorized MB and reduced the reaction time to 7 minutes. It also catalyzed the complete destruction of CR and reduced the time to 4 minutes and 20 seconds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}