Synergistic integration of PCM-filled coil fins and smart water depth control in solar stills: A comprehensive energy, exergy, and environmental analysis

Cleaner Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI:10.1016/j.clce.2025.100189

Lailatul Nehar , Tanvir Rahman , Md Shahiduzzaman Shahed , Md Yeamin Prodhan , Md Sazan Rahman , S.S. Tuly

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Abstract

Freshwater scarcity remains a critical global challenge, necessitating sustainable desalination solutions. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a double-slope solar still (SS) through the integration of hollow copper coil fins (HCCFs), phase change material (PCM), and an Arduino-based water depth control system. Three configurations were tested: conventional (Case I), fin-modified (Case II), and PCM-fin with smart control (Case III). Experimental results demonstrated that Case III achieved the highest productivity, yielding 1.81 L/m²/day, a 166 % improvement over the conventional still (0.68 L/m²/day) and 14 % higher than Case II (1.59 L/m²/day). Thermal analysis revealed peak energy and exergy efficiencies of 38.9 % and 4.31 %, respectively, for Case III, significantly surpassing Cases I (23.1 %, 1.45 %) and II (28.3 %, 3.45 %). The intelligent water depth modulation (20–35 mm) optimized heat transfer, while PCM extended post-sunset distillation. Economic and environmental assessments showed a payback period of 295 days and 4.8 tons of CO₂ mitigation over the system’s lifetime, with potential carbon credits of $190. This work establishes a novel, scalable approach for sustainable solar desalination.

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太阳能蒸馏器中pcm填充盘管翅片和智能水深控制的协同集成：综合能源，能源和环境分析

淡水短缺仍然是一个严峻的全球挑战，需要可持续的海水淡化解决方案。本研究通过集成空心铜圈翅片（HCCFs）、相变材料（PCM）和基于arduino的水深控制系统，研究了双斜面太阳能蒸发器（SS）的性能增强。测试了三种配置：常规（案例I）、鳍片改造（案例II）和智能控制的pcm鳍片（案例III）。实验结果表明，案例III的生产率最高，产量为1.81 L/m²/天，比传统蒸馏器（0.68 L/m²/天）提高166%，比案例II （1.59 L/m²/天）提高14%。热分析显示，工况III的峰值能量和火用效率分别为38.9%和4.31%，显著超过工况I（23.1%, 1.45%）和工况II（28.3%, 3.45%）。智能水深调制（20-35 mm）优化了传热，而PCM扩展了日落后蒸馏。经济和环境评估显示，该系统的投资回收期为295天，在整个系统的生命周期内减少了4.8吨二氧化碳排放，潜在的碳信用额为190美元。这项工作为可持续太阳能脱盐建立了一种新颖的、可扩展的方法。

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Cleaner Chemical Engineering

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