Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of different laboratory-scale techniques for preventing coal spontaneous combustion","authors":"Theodora Noely Tambaria,&nbsp;Yuichi Sugai,&nbsp;Takehiro Esaki","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The focus of this study is to investigate laboratory-scale techniques aimed at preventing an increase in heat flux, which can potentially lead to spontaneous coal combustion. This research involves two pieces of equipment designed to analyze the heat flux on untreated coal and coal treated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The laboratory equipment consists of a copper cell capable of holding up to 75 ml of coal samples and an aluminum cell designed to accommodate up to 3.17 ml of coal samples. The results on untreated coal showed that copper cell had a higher heat flux and took longer to reach the heat flux peak than aluminum cell. The aluminum cell provided more excellent stability, resulting in consistent heat distribution and dependable outcomes. The analysis using copper and aluminum cells on coal treated with PVA indicates that PVA can effectively reduce the heat of combustion by 35 %. This finding could have significant implications for future coal combustion studies. This study provides valuable insights for future research into coal spontaneous combustion experiments and using PVA to prevent spontaneous coal combustion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization, Kinetics and thermodynamic modeling of pulp production from plantain stem using the kraft process","authors":"Effi Evelyn,&nbsp;Akindele Oyetunde Okewale,&nbsp;Chiedu Ngozi Owabor","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulp production is a very essential industrial process. This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design of experiment (CCD) to determine the best process conditions for kraft pulp production from plantain stems. The pulp pseudo-stem was physically pretreated by shredding, drying, grinding, and sieving. Kraft pulping was conducted using the CCD of the experiment and the process was optimized using RSM. The independent variables include the mass ratio of Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Sulphide, temperature, and time, while the response is the pulp yield. The analysis of variance showed that the temperature, time, and ratio of NaOH to Na2S were significant. The obtained coefficient of determination (R²) value is 0.9125, which indicates a strong correlation is consistent with the adjusted (R²) value of 0.964. Optimum temperature, time, and NaOH: Na2S ratio values obtained at optimum were 110.50 C, 146.88 min, and 3.372. The yield of pulp obtained at this optimum process variable is 55.064 wt%. The mechanistic and thermodynamics results showed that at a higher model fit R² value of 0.9977, rate constant of 6.3 × 10^–3min^-1, and lower activation energy value of 29.523 KJ/kg confirmed that the pseudo-first-order best described the kinetics of the pulp production process compared to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with activation energy value of 40.997 KJ/kg at R² =0.9834. From this study, optimization of the process helps to maximize the Pulp yield while minimizing the resource consumption which in turn will also help to reduce the cost of production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological maturity and future perspectives for green diesel production in Brazil","authors":"Lucas Sudré dos Santos,&nbsp;Henrique Gasparetto,&nbsp;Nina Paula Gonçalves Salau","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During technological and social development, non-renewable sources were used to generate energy in various forms. The overexploitation of fossil fuel sources has raised significant concerns about environmental impacts. Given the need to transition to developing a more sustainable energy matrix, biofuels play an essential role as the transport sector contributes to a large percentage of gas emissions into the atmosphere. Among them, green diesel is an advanced biofuel obtained on an industrial scale, mainly by the catalytic hydrotreating of vegetable oils. In terms of technology and properties, green diesel stands out as a drop-in biofuel, which lacks blending restrictions with conventional diesel due to its chemical similarity. This biofuel also contains fewer impurities and has better combustion performance and an efficient production process. The leading green diesel manufacturing technologies are the main topic of this technological prospection review. Their particularities regarding industrial maturity are discussed, and challenges, opportunities, and drawbacks are considered and discussed for the Brazilian scenario. This analysis shows that although existing technologies have higher technological maturity, Brazil would have a special tendency toward catalytic hydrotreating for producing renewable diesel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the gold nanoparticles' Synthesis and application in dye degradation","authors":"Irum Jamil ,&nbsp;Fawad Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Khan ,&nbsp;Abdallah Shanableh ,&nbsp;Nosheen Farooq ,&nbsp;Saima Anjum ,&nbsp;Muhammad Babar Taj","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we covered the recent advances in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their uses in the degradation of dyes. This study provides a framework to develop a low-cost, eco-friendly, and highly efficient synthesis of AuNPs. From these synthesis methods, toxic by-products are not produced. The present study focuses on the removal of dyes by AuNPs because AuNPs act as suitable absorbents for dyes in a short time. Synthesis of AuNPs from plant extracts, e.g., marine alga, Scutellarin Barbata, Alpinia nigra, Fruit peels, Bacillus marisflavi from raw silk cocoons, amylopectin and poly acrylic acid, L. asparagine, Graphene oxide, LPEI coated AuNPs. The synthesized AuNPs were used further to remove dyes like methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB) degradation, methyl orange, acid red degradation, and Congo red.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypropylene to transportation fuel grade hydrocarbons over γ-alumina catalyst","authors":"Sathyapal R. Churipard ,&nbsp;Adrian Alejandro Rodriguez Pinos ,&nbsp;Sundaramurthy Vedachalam ,&nbsp;Maliheh Heravi ,&nbsp;Ajay K. Dalai ,&nbsp;Saumitra Saxena ,&nbsp;Bassam Dally","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catalytic upgrading of plastics to valuable fuels and chemicals is an attractive route to valorize waste plastics. Herein, catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene was performed over γ-Al₂O₃ as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce fuel-grade hydrocarbons. The use of an inexpensive γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst and mild reaction conditions led to high liquid yield selectively in gasoline-range hydrocarbons which stands out from most of the work reported in the literature for polypropylene pyrolysis. The reaction conditions of pyrolysis were optimized by the Box-Behnken Design approach utilizing the response surface methodology. The highest liquid yield of 88.1 wt.% was obtained at 470 °C temperature, with 2 wt.% of catalysts and 5 h reaction time. The amount of solid carbon was insignificant (0.7 wt.%) and the gas yield was 11.2 wt.%. The γ-Al₂O₃ showed high efficiency and stability for converting polypropylene to liquid fuels. The catalyst was highly stable, reusable, and showed similar catalytic activity for 3 recycles. These features and the highly selective conversion of PP to gasoline range fuels are crucial for large-scale applications. The GC–MS analysis revealed that the liquid fuel produced mostly contained C8 to C15 hydrocarbons encompassing mostly gasoline and a small fraction of diesel fuel and higher hydrocarbons. The GC–MS data was also supported by SimDist analysis, which exhibited the boiling point ranging from 100 °C to 260 °C for the liquid fuel product. The reaction temperature and time had a significant impact on the liquid yield. The higher temperature favored the formation of the gaseous product of C1-C3 hydrocarbons. The NMR analysis showed that the liquid products mostly contained the highest amount of paraffins followed by olefins and a small fraction of aromatics. The presence of mild acidity in the γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst and optimum reaction condition provides favorable conditions to produce the highest yield of transportation fuel grade hydrocarbons without over-cracking into gases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782324000093/pdfft?md5=a381aa9a8bd76006310d6000c12790a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782324000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of furfural production from xylose over sulfated titanium-niobium mixed oxides catalyst in biphasic system","authors":"Sophia Bakili ,&nbsp;Thomas Kivevele ,&nbsp;Cecil K. King'ondu","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the use of SO₄^2-/TiO₂<img>Nb₂O₅ (STNO) catalyst prepared through the modified sol-gel method in the process of xylose dehydration to furfural. The reaction was carried out in a biphasic solvent consisting of toluene and water. The catalyst used in this study was subjected to several characterization methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The textural properties of the catalyst were evaluated by conducting N₂ adsorption and desorption measurements using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The impact of catalyst dosage, resident time, xylose concentration, and reaction temperature in the dehydration of xylose to produce furfural was explored. The study employed response surface methodology to identify the optimal operational parameters that would result in the highest furfural selectivity. At a reaction temperature of 150 °C and a reaction time of 180 min, a maximum conversion of xylose of 98 mol%, furfural selectivity of 74 mol%, and a furfural yield of 63 mol% was obtained. The activation energy for the synthesized catalyst was determined to be 26.7 KJ/mol. The results of this investigation show the great potential that sulfated titanium-niobium mixed oxides have in transforming biomass resources into value-added compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232400010X/pdfft?md5=012adbf5dc73a7949872b2528879e1c7&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232400010X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How sustainability can get a competitive advantage: State of the art for stationary battery storage systems","authors":"Benjamin Achzet ,&nbsp;Denise Ott ,&nbsp;Rica Fleiner ,&nbsp;Marvin Gornik ,&nbsp;Andrea Thorenz ,&nbsp;Christoph Helbig","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stationary battery storage systems are becoming a critical energy infrastructure around the world. Therefore, responsible handling of battery materials is a fundamental precondition to avoid future social, environmental, and political conflicts. Global battery regulations support sustainable batteries to drive new business models on reuse, remanufacturing and recycling. With strict environmental market entry barriers, the EU will set minimum sustainability standards with the new EU-Battery Directive. The US Inflation Reduction Act provides financial incentives for a scale-up of the domestic battery industry. A hotspot analysis for the residential storage system VARTA.wall shows that a combination of reuse and recycling strategies can reduce the climate change impact by up to 45% and mineral resource use by up to 50% compared to initial battery designs. However, specific sustainability criteria and manufacturer-independent standards need to be set up by politics and industry organizations to bring the necessary technical and logistic infrastructure to the market. The challenge is to set up sustainability criteria strict enough to ensure responsible material handling but still allow cost-effective, practical solutions as well as affordable battery standards. Therefore, our analysis shows the limits of current and the need for future regulations to shift market incentives to sustainable batteries and their infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic limitation of recent heterogeneous catalysts for ammonia synthesis","authors":"Masaki Yoshida ,&nbsp;Takaya Ogawa ,&nbsp;Keiichi N. Ishihara","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The economic performance of newly developed catalysts for ammonia synthesis, Ru/Ca(NH₂)₂ and Ru/Pr₂O₃, are evaluated by process simulation using Aspen Plus©. The results show that the high activity of the new catalysts reduces the electricity cost for pressurizing reactant gases; however, the electricity for lowering the temperature in ammonia separation through liquefaction is significant due to the mitigated pressure and almost compensates for the decreased cost. The results show an economic limitation to current research trends that develop a catalyst for ammonia synthesis under low pressure. It is noted that catalyst costs are high due to expensive ruthenium; thus, the lifetime of catalysts significantly influences the total cost. With the assumption of a long lifetime of catalysts, the new catalysts are advantageous when the electricity cost is high, the characteristics of the case in which renewable energy is employed. As the future direction of the catalyst development, recycling or extending the lifetime of the catalysts and replacing Ru with cheap metal will be crucial from the economic viewpoint. Moreover, effective methods for ammonia collection, such as adsorbents, should be focused on reducing the electricity of ammonia liquefaction in cooling separation and giving a vital meaning to the condition mitigated by the newly developed catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved coloration of hemp fabrics via low-pressure argon plasma assisted surface modification","authors":"Kunal S. Bapat ,&nbsp;T.P. Kee ,&nbsp;S.J. Russell ,&nbsp;L. Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interest in hemp as a viable cellulosic fibre for clothing has increased, driven partly by its economic benefits and the importance of natural renewable materials in emerging circular economies. However, the coloration and chemical finishing of lignocellulosic fibres such as hemp typically require large quantities of water and chemicals. Argon plasma pretreatment provides a way of modulating the physical properties of hemp fibres to improve the coloration process without compromising other bulk properties such as tensile strength. Such plasma treatments may contribute to alleviating the negative environmental impacts associated with liquid pretreatments, heating, or the use of auxiliary chemicals. Dyeing of hemp fibres is particularly challenging due to its crystalline chemical structure. In this study, low-pressure argon plasma-assisted surface modification of woven hemp fabrics up to 600 s at 40 and 80 Hz was explored for enhanced dyeability, resulting in enhanced dye-fibre bonding. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy of argon plasma pretreated hemp fabrics produced no noticeable changes in the functional groups of the fibres, but a physiochemical modification was observed in terms of the density of polar groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed marked morphological changes including nano-etching of the fibre surface at certain argon plasma process conditions. The pretreatment process increased fibre hydrophilicity, and enhanced reactivity of the surficial –OH groups towards fibre-reactive and vat dyes, resulting in higher colour strength in dyed woven hemp fabrics. Overall, we envisage such plasma pretreatments may impact positively on the material and energy efficiency of the hemp fabric dyeing process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782324000081/pdfft?md5=404969b0c672df90975e0956492b9d6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782324000081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolysis products of C2 hydrocarbons using thermal plasma","authors":"Yoshiya Matsukawa ,&nbsp;Aki Watanabe ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Saito ,&nbsp;Yohsuke Matsushita ,&nbsp;Koki Era ,&nbsp;Takayuki Aoki ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Aoki","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2024.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Film-like carbon is expected to have various applications, and establishing a method for its mass production is highly desirable. Although there have been reports of obtaining film-like solid carbon using thermal plasma, knowledge about the growth behavior of this film-like carbon has not been sufficient. We analyzed the products and their growth behavior by pyrolysis experiments of C2 hydrocarbons with thermal plasma and investigated the pyrolysis behavior of C2 hydrocarbons with thermal plasma by numerical analysis. Solid products with different residence times were sampled from a sampling port in the reactor, observed by electron microscopy, and analyzed for crystallinity by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The solid products collected by a filter at the reactor outlet were measured by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The pyrolysis of acetylene yielded particulate carbon as in the pyrolysis in the electric furnace, whereas the pyrolysis of ethylene yielded a film-like carbon. The HRTEM image of ethylene pyrolysis products, however, shows lines indicating a stacked graphite structure of several tens of nanometers, indicating a different structure. In the pyrolysis GC/MS of ethylene pyrolysis products, various compounds were detected, whereas in the pyrolysis of acetylene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from three to seven rings were not detected. Reaction kinetic calculations using electron collision reactions were performed to examine the important reactions. The amount of ions produced tends to be larger for the pyrolysis of ethylene than for the pyrolysis of acetylene, indicating that the electron collision reaction is more likely to occur with ethylene in this calculation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782324000068/pdfft?md5=4d8f68eefc1a6b5fcc8be6d3652505e2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782324000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}