Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Chemical modification of Terminalia catappa L. kernel oil methyl ester using epoxidation-esterification approach, for application as bio-transformer fluid – Physicochemical characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics","authors":"Chinedu M. Agu ,&nbsp;Kenechi Nwosu-Obieogu ,&nbsp;Kingsley A. Ani ,&nbsp;Albert C. Agulanna ,&nbsp;Solomon O. Iwu-Ejike ,&nbsp;Ozioma Onyinye Oguegbu ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Menkiti","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxidation-esterification of fatty acid methyl ester obtained from <em>Terminalia catappa L</em>. kernel oil (TCKO), its characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics were the main focus of this study. The methyl ester obtained via base catalyzed transesterification was used for epoxidation-esterification modification process. Epoxidation kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were also investigated. The properties of the TCKO and epoxidized-esterified <em>Terminalia catappa L.</em> kernel oil methyl ester (MTCKO^e) were determined using standard methods. MTCKO^e was analyzed using Dissolved Gas Analysis equipment, so as to determine its constituent gases compositions. The order <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Lmol⁻¹s⁻¹ and 39.97 KJ/mol were the respective rate constant K and activation energy Ea, obtained for the epoxidation process. ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS values for the epoxidation process were (136.00–148.82 kJ mol⁻¹), 37.24 kJ mol⁻¹, and <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>320.64 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively, indicating non-spontaneous, endothermic, and endergonic process. The properties of MTCKO^e sample were: -8°C, 280°C, 820 Kg/dm³, 8.56 mm²/s, 0.80 mgKOH/g, 0.65 mg/Kg and 50.05 KV for pour point, flash point, density, viscosity, acid value, moisture content and dielectric strength, respectively. The dissolved gas analysis result (in ppm) of the key gases for MTCKO^e sample are: &lt;5, 87, 1441, &lt;1, 6, 84, 3, &lt;0.5 for H₂, H₂O, CO₂, CO, C₂H₄, C₂H₆, CH₄, C₂H₂, respectively. The characteristics met acceptable standard limits. The MTCKO^e properties indicated its possible use as bio-transformer oil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200033X/pdfft?md5=88476ade4916d5c728db0e090edaaa48&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232200033X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78771212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Microalgae Application for CO2 Sequestration","authors":"Joshua O. Ighalo ,&nbsp;Kanika Dulta ,&nbsp;Setyo Budi Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Fredrick O. Omoarukhe ,&nbsp;Ugochukwu Ewuzie ,&nbsp;Steve O. Eshiemogie ,&nbsp;Alaba U. Ojo ,&nbsp;Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of microalgae for CO₂ sequestration helps in mitigating global warming. This paper reviews the application of microalgae for CO₂ sequestration with emphasis on performance evaluation, lifecycle, economic assessment, as well as environmental impact. The CO₂ sequestration mechanism is done during photosynthesis, via bioconcentration. Performance evaluation revealed that the efficiency of capture and sequestration of CO₂ by microalgae ranges between 40% and 93.7%. However, the macro performance of microalgae in carbon emission reduction has not yet been fully understood, and therefore requires more studies. Also, the cost-effectiveness of the CO₂ sequestration by microalgae cultivation still needs more research based on recent economic realities. It is recommended that design and operation be focused on cost-effectiveness so the technology can compete favourably with existing technologies. Overall, it can be surmised that the application of microalgae for CO₂ sequestration is an effective technique for carbon capture, but still has interesting areas for development for greater global environmental impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000420/pdfft?md5=e6f33c5be76be9836e8d2557b3d0c807&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83147165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of parameters in biomethanization process with co-digested poultry wastes and palm oil mill effluents","authors":"Emmanuel Ikechukwu Ugwu ,&nbsp;Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Light Ihenna Nwobia ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar ,&nbsp;Eberechukwu Laura Ikechukwu ,&nbsp;Egba Chinonso Victor","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clce.2022.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poultry wastes (PW) and palm oil mill effluents (POME) are thought to be promising starting materials for biogas production. In the present study, the optimization of biomethanization process from co-digested (PW) and POME was investigated. To assist digestion, samples were sun-dried, ground, and mixed with water to form slurry. The central composite design was used in the experimental design, while the desirability function was applied in the process optimization of the co-digestion process. The interactive effects of temperature, pH, and hydraulic retention time were equally studied. The results showed a high co-efficient of determination (R²) value of 0.9920. Also, the predicted and experimental values obtained were 4377.71 ml and 4379.01 respectively, while the optimum conditions obtained were 45 °C, 8.00 and 15 days for temperature, pH, and hydraulic retention time, respectively. This finding shows that the proposed technique is effective and robust in predicting biomethane generation from co-digested POME and PW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000316/pdfft?md5=cf22faf725231ae81ed514a9e743f54f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000316-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136546853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement in utilization of nanomaterials as efficient and recyclable solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis","authors":"Shamim Islam ,&nbsp;Bidangshri Basumatary ,&nbsp;Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum ,&nbsp;Prince Kumar Mochahari ,&nbsp;Sanjay Basumatary","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy consumption is increasing day by day, thereby depleting the fossil fuel reserve at an alarming rate. The fossil-based fuels have many adverse effects on the environment and cause global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases. Biodiesel produced via the transesterification process is an alternative, eco-friendly, and renewable fuel. Transesterification is carried out using homogeneous, enzyme, and heterogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts can resolve the issues faced by the homogeneous and enzyme catalysts during biodiesel synthesis. At the same time, heterogeneous nanocatalysts have much more potential due to their higher surface area, more selectivity, and stronger catalytic activity. In this review, various nanocatalysts such as metal oxides (CaO, MgO, ZnO, Ti₂O, CuO, and ZrO₂), magnetic nanocatalyst, nano-zeolite catalyst, and nano-hydrotalcite catalysts were studied. In addition, catalyst preparation methods, physical properties of catalyst along with various reaction parameters such as reaction temperature and time, methanol to oil molar ratio (MTOMR), catalyst loading, and biodiesel yield were highlighted and discussed. In short, biodiesel synthesis using nanocatalyst can provide a cheap and clean energy and thus the nanocatalyst can be further developed as a strong candidate for the global energy industry in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000419/pdfft?md5=ff3350d0000aab5b3bc1be8757cb5498&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85739342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-efficient treatment of hazardous bauxite liquid-residue using acid-activated clays","authors":"Daniel Dodoo ,&nbsp;Gertrude Ellen Fynn ,&nbsp;Esi Seguwa Chukwufunanya Yawson ,&nbsp;Godfred Appiah ,&nbsp;Nafiu Suleiman ,&nbsp;Abu Yaya","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alumina industry requires a material capable of reducing the high levels of iron and alkalinity in bauxite liquid-residue in an eco-efficient manner while producing fewer by-products. This study looked at the efficacy of acid-activated kaolin (AAK) and acid-activated bentonite (AAB) in reducing the high pH value and iron content of bauxite liquid-residue in a single treatment step. The bauxite residue, AAB, and AAK were characterised using XRD, XRF, and FTIR techniques. A batch adsorption study with varying contact times and adsorbent types was conducted, and the results were analysed using adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies. The results showed that AAK and AAB could effectively remove 88% to 94% of the total iron in the bauxite liquid-residue. Similarly, the initial pH value of the bauxite liquid-residue (9.93 ± 0.13) was reduced by about 3.32% with AAK and 4.53% with AAB, respectively. Thus, batch adsorption studies revealed that adsorption capacity was strongly pH dependent, and the type of adsorbent had an effect on the reduction of iron and pH value in the bauxite liquid-residue. The AAB was found to be more effective than AAK in lowering the high pH value and iron content of the bauxite liquid-residue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000389/pdfft?md5=7e5c320e5debd30d0999c0b2e30deb78&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000389-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76165420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion, performance and emission analysis of propanol addition on safflower oil biodiesel in a diesel engine","authors":"Zülfü Tosun,&nbsp;Hüseyin Aydin","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies on alternative and renewable fuels are maintaining due to the ever-decreasing of petroleum usage and also the environmental pollution that it has created. Alternative fuels, especially renewable fuels are one of the most emphasized issues because renewable energy sources are environmentally friendly, unconsumable and easily degradable in the environment. In this study, biodiesel was obtained from safflower. The biodiesel of safflower oil was mixed with propanol at different ratios and tested as a diesel engine fuel. The effects of both biodiesel and propanol addition on engine performance, combustion parameters and pollutant exhaust emissions have been experimentally tested. The main important point of the presented study is to detect the effects of higher ratios of pure diesel fuel in diesel engines by utilizing the positive sides of a light alcohol, the propanol. The engine performance, specific fuel consumption and emission values of the biodiesel and propanol blended fuels did not show a significant difference compared to the diesel. In the loaded cases, the combustion parameters for all test fuels were obtained in a similar manner. Peak values of HRR in higher engine loads of blend fuels with high propanol were a bit higher. It is seen that there is a decrease in NOx emissions. Safflower biodiesel and propanol mixtures can be used as alternative fuels by adding to diesel fuel in certain amounts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000390/pdfft?md5=b72b456e56afe2e349f32f6393a18fb1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000390-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85475556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast, High Quality and Low-Cost Biodiesel Production using Dolomite Catalyst in an Enhanced Microwave System with Simultaneous Cooling","authors":"Başak Temur Ergan,&nbsp;Gizem Yılmazer,&nbsp;Mahmut Bayramoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, biodiesel production with canola oil and methanol in the presence of dolomite catalyst was examined in a multimode Enhanced Microwave System (EMS) with simultaneous cooling worked under constant, continuous microwave (MW) power and isothermal conditions. The experiments were carried out in the EMS utilizing the \"one variable at a time\" method to estimate optimum values of five experiment parameters named methanol-to-oil molar ratio (n_m/n_o), amount of catalyst (% wt of oil), temperature (T,°C), reaction time (t, min) and absorbed MW power (P_a,W). The optimum values of these parameters were obtained as 9, 5%, 65°C, 120 min., 48 W, respectively. At the end of the study in EMS, an experiment was repeated in the Conventional Heating System (CHS) at the optimum conditions. Accordingly, it was found that the yield of biodiesel in EMS (99.1%) during the same period was 30.2% higher than in CHS (76%). Faster, higher-quality, and lower-cost biodiesel production was accomplished when compared to the CHS. Energy and production cost saving were accomplished by 58.2 % and production rate was increased by 30.4% in EMS. Furthermore, selective and homogenous heating effect on catalyst's local surface temperature and strong vibrational effect of MW on dipoles provided advantages in terms of catalyst activity and different methyl ester content. This showed that biodiesel with different properties can be produced using same oil in the EMS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000493/pdfft?md5=3a22044a0e068183076335161c3393c9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000493-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85632484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculating economical impact by standard chemical exergy value and environmental impact by life cycle assessment method for desulfurization from Elbistan Lignite with leaching process (H2O2/H2SO4)","authors":"Hüseyin Karaca ,&nbsp;Cemil Koyunoğlu ,&nbsp;Kevser Yeşilyurt ,&nbsp;Mihriban Çelik ,&nbsp;Özlem Yeşilyurt","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this context, this study aims to reduce the harmful effects of coal combustion and to investigate the possibility of efficient use of Turkish lignite with high sulfur content. In this study, peroxide leaching process and accounts for approximately 35% of lignite reserves in Turkey total sulfur content of the garment was removed from lignite. For this purpose, the effect of H₂O₂ on 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% solutions and H₂SO₄ on the sulfur removal using 0.05 N, 0.1 N, 0.15 N, and 0.2 N solutions separately and together were investigated. According to the results, increasing the H₂O₂ concentration from 5% to 30%, the total sulfur content of the coal sample was removed by approximately 75%. When 0.1 N H₂SO₄ and H₂O₂ were used together, about 93% of sulfur removal was realized. The originality of the study is that scenario 8 of 12 situations is both high standard chemical exergy value used for economic analysis, low CO₂ emission value determined according to the life cycle assessment method used for environmental impact assessment, and 20-year operating cost calculated by current value estimation method. The lowest value indicates that 20% of H₂SO₄ is suitable for the establishment of the desulphurization plant with a yield of 63.2% from 200 kg of coal per hour. The highest exergy efficiency value was calculated as 8,01782E-06 for the 8th scenario. So the 8th scenario should be applied for the establishment of a desulfurization plant for E.L. Due to the results, this study is an economical method of sulfur removal. The addition of H₂SO₄ to H₂O₂ has a synergistic effect on sulfur removal. In this study, a new perspective has been developed by using exergy calculation and life cycle methods apart from conventional methods while determining the economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000602/pdfft?md5=4c5637a8717f97586bb5e87533511344&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000602-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85766795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerodynamic influences on the outer ash deposition rates during oxy-coal combustion","authors":"Gautham Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Second generation oxy-combustion and load following operations are accompanied by a significant (60–70%) reduction in combustor flue gas flow rates when compared to baseload operation. Understanding the aerodynamic influences on the fly-ash particle deposition characteristics during these novel operational scenarios are critical towards anticipating operational challenges. To fill this void, a novel Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methodology in conjunction with an ash deposition module was used to model the outer ash deposition process coal during combustion of coal in AIR and O₂/CO₂ (70/30 vol%, OXY70) oxidizer compositions and the predictions were compared with measurements. The measured fly-ash particle size distributions (PSD) were employed as inputs to represent the particle Stokes numbers near the deposition surface accurately and the capture criterion was based on a recently proposed particle viscosity and kinetic energy (PKE) based formulation. Prediction sensitivities to the particle viscosity model and fly-ash PSD were also assessed. Deposition rate predictions in AIR were in excellent agreement with the measurements. The deposition rate enhancement (OXY70/AIR) across all scenarios were in the range 2.8–3.3 which was in reasonable agreement with the measured values of 2.1–2.4. Predicted capture efficiencies were nearly 100% across all scenarios. The calculations were repeated by employing the corresponding fly-ash composition information rather than the <em>bulk-ash</em> compositions and did not alter the predictions significantly. The study therefore supports the hypothesis that ash deposition rates in these novel operational scenarios are likely to be dominated by PKE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000559/pdfft?md5=af14fd9a6abb6f52d4f4d26cf72b9e69&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80978602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing performance of methane tri-reforming reactor using a parametric study on the fundamental process variables","authors":"Mohammad Osat ,&nbsp;Faryar Shojaati","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study represents a numerical investigation of the methane tri-reforming with full computational fluid dynamics and reaction mechanisms in an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor. A 2-D axisymmetric model over nickel-based catalysts is stablished to analyze the influence of relevant parameters. The attained results revealed that the feed composition, feed flow rate, inlet temperature, operating pressure and reactor geometry have important effects on the efficiency of the reactor. The observed temperature profile proves that the temperature peak increase with the inlet temperature. Moreover, the H₂/CO ratio increases with decrement of O₂/CH₄ and CO₂/CH₄ and increment of H₂O/CH₄. As the feed flow rate rises, the CH₄ conversion, CO₂ conversion and the syngas ratio reduce. One of the most attractive results is the correlation between the pressure and the reactor performance. When the pressure falls, whereas less O₂ is consumed, the CH₄ and CO₂ conversion rise due to the increase of the initial reaction rates. Finally, it is proved that the variations of the reactor diameter have a greater impact on the reactor performance compering with the reactor length.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000481/pdfft?md5=70f5f60c0495f790518a3221e7a2df5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000481-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82160886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}