Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Insights into the production and versatile agricultural applications of nanochitin for sustainable circularity: a review","authors":"Rajni Kumari ,&nbsp;Aakash Chawade ,&nbsp;V. Vivekanand ,&nbsp;Nidhi Pareek","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitin exhibits remarkable biocompatibility and biodegradability; nonetheless, its potential remains largely unexplored due to its hydrophobic nature, which makes it insoluble in water. Industrial marine food wastes, including crustacean shells, are the most plentiful and the potential source of chitin. High-performance chitin nanoparticles have been developed by understanding their biological characteristics and advanced preparation methods. The creation of nano-chitin materials is a significant topic due to its distinct dimensional, optical, mechanical, and other properties i.e. high surface area, low density and high dispersibility. Chitin nanocrystals and nanofibers could be fabricated by depolymerizing and demineralizing crustacean shell waste following various top-down and bottom-up methods, viz. acid hydrolysis, deep eutectic hydrolysis, TEMPO-mediated oxidation, self-assembly, etc. Morphology of the nanochitin and applications pertaining to respective nanofibrillation have been tabulated using the aforementioned methods. The present review summarizes the significant current developments in the synthesis of chitin nanoforms, i.e., nanochitin, nanofiber, or nanocrystal, along with their impact on enhancing plant growth and quality. Nanochitin could be utilized as fertilizers, biostimulant, plant elicitor, biocide as well as for seed treatment and appeared as an organic substitute for sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale investigations of potato and wheat starch interactions with water in the absence or presence of sodium and calcium ions","authors":"I.M. Riley ,&nbsp;N. Ooms ,&nbsp;M.A. Nivelle ,&nbsp;S. Reyniers ,&nbsp;J.A. Delcour","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Starch interactions with water form the basis for its functional properties. Potato starch (PS) and wheat starch (WS) functionality are notably different, and largely attributed to the presence of negatively-charged phosphate monoester groups in the former and absence of these groups in the latter. In this study, sodium and calcium chloride salts were added to PS- or WS-water model systems as their cations interact with the charges of phosphate groups when present. Time domain proton nuclear magnetic resonance (TD ¹H NMR) findings showed that PS exhibits higher mobility of water protons (higher T₂ relaxation time) than WS. Upon cation addition, proton mobility is reduced only in PS illustrating that cation interactions with charged phosphate groups lead to stronger starch-water interactions and greater confinement of water protons in starch granules. Alongside PSs’ reduced swelling power and leaching of carbohydrates, it is suggested that cation interactions with PS hamper its capacity to form hydrogen bonds with water, thereby limiting swelling. In WS, cations can only interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch and exhibit a weaker impact on proton mobility, swelling, and pasting. These findings indicate that phosphate groups in PS considerably impact its functionality by altering its molecular-level interactions with water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101004"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starch–biomacromolecule complexes: A comprehensive review of interactions, functional materials, and applications in food, pharma, and packaging","authors":"Harsh Vardhan ,&nbsp;Nishant Singhal ,&nbsp;Piyush Vashistha ,&nbsp;Rajul Jain ,&nbsp;Yograj Bist ,&nbsp;Ashish Gaur ,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar Wagri","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Starch, a plentiful and biodegradable polysaccharide, has become a flexible platform material due to its renewability, affordability, and ability to improve functionality by complexing with biomacromolecules. Even with its inherent benefits, native starch faces drawbacks like low mechanical strength, high moisture susceptibility, and limited thermal stability, which impede its effectiveness in challenging applications. To address these limitations, starch is progressively blended with proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, resulting in starch-biomacromolecule complexes (SBCs) that exhibit altered physicochemical and functional characteristics. These interactions-spanning hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic association, covalent crosslinking, and thermodynamic stabilization-enhance viscosity, gelation behavior, structural stability, and barrier properties.</div><div>This analysis methodically explores the molecular processes involved in starch-biomacromolecule interactions, emphasizing how these complexes can be designed to customize functional attributes. It also consolidates recent progress in the use of SBCs in food systems (texture alteration, nutritional improvement, and preservation), pharmaceuticals (medicine delivery, controlled release, and biomedical frameworks), and packaging (biodegradable films, barrier layers, and active systems). New strategies like nano structuring, bioactive encapsulation, and hybrid composites are also thoroughly examined regarding their capability to tackle processing difficulties, environmental pressures, and scalability concerns. This article highlights the significance of SBCs as next-generation biomaterials for sustainable innovations in the food, health, and packaging sectors by connecting essential insights with technological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering chitosan nanoparticles for targeted doxorubicin delivery in liver cancer: A mechanistic and preclinical review","authors":"Jianfei Sun ,&nbsp;Huiying Yu ,&nbsp;Bita Badehnoosh","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health burden, characterized by poor prognosis, limited treatment options, and high chemoresistance. Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, exhibits potent antitumor activity but is constrained by systemic toxicity, rapid clearance, and multidrug resistance. In recent years, nanostructured chitosan-based delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach to overcome these challenges. Chitosan, a natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible polysaccharide, offers excellent chemical modifiability, mucoadhesive properties, and tumor-targeting potential, making it an ideal candidate for nanoparticle engineering. This review critically summarizes recent advancements in the design and application of chitosan-based nanocarriers for DOX delivery in liver cancer, with a focus on encapsulation strategies, surface functionalization, stimuli-responsive systems, and co-delivery platforms. Emphasis is placed on how chitosan modifications enhance drug stability, intracellular uptake, endosomal escape, and tumor-specific release while minimizing systemic toxicity. Finally, we summarize key translational challenges and future perspectives for advancing these promising nanocarriers toward clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-based materials and strategies in immunotherapy and synergistic immunochemotherapy: A focus on gene-based immunoregulation and CAR-T and adoptive cell transfer","authors":"Sajad Safarzadeh ,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Naghib ,&nbsp;Ghasem Takdehghan","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer immunotherapy, which utilizes the body's immune system components to target and eliminate malignancies, has emerged as a cornerstone of modern therapeutic approaches. Despite significant advancements, persistent challenges related to therapeutic efficacy, safety profiles, and precise delivery remain critical barriers. Chitosan (CS), a naturally derived polysaccharide distinguished by its biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, has garnered considerable attention as a promising solution to overcome these hurdles. CS-based delivery platforms significantly enhance therapeutic bioavailability, facilitate targeted modulation of immune responses, and potentiate robust antitumor activity. Moreover, the inherent versatility of CS enables the development of tailored, responsive, and multifunctional delivery systems, amplifying the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. This review evaluates recent advances in CS-integrated cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Initially, we examine CS applications in oncolytic viral immunotherapy, emphasizing improved tumor-specific targeting, efficient viral delivery, and enhanced immune activation. Subsequently, we assess CS-based adjuvants and vaccines in strengthening antigen-specific immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss nucleic acid-based immunotherapy employing CS carriers, focusing particularly on their ability to activate critical immune signaling pathways, notably the cGAS–STING axis, enhancing systemic antitumor immunity. Additionally, the potential role of CS in optimizing adoptive cell therapies, including CAR-T cell treatments, is explored, underscoring improvements in cellular trafficking, persistence, and therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we analyze the integration of CS-enhanced immunotherapy with complementary modalities such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiotherapy (RT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), metabolic therapy, and microwave thermotherapy, highlighting their collective potential as powerful combinational strategies for comprehensive tumor eradication<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of edible films made with plant carbohydrates for food packaging: A comprehensive review","authors":"Zahra Esfandiari ,&nbsp;Bahram Hassani ,&nbsp;Iraj Karimi Sani ,&nbsp;Anis Talebi ,&nbsp;Farzad Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Shahin Zomorodi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Kaveh ,&nbsp;Elham Assadpour ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mahsa Khodaei ,&nbsp;Hadi Eghbaljoo ,&nbsp;Hassan Gholizadeh ,&nbsp;Mahmood Alizadeh Sani ,&nbsp;Seid Mahdi Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Edible films (EFs) based on plant polysaccharides (e.g., pectin, starch, cellulose, plant gums) offer sustainable alternatives to synthetic food packaging, enhancing mechanical strength, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and extending food shelf life. Their non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and favorable barrier and mechanical properties make them increasingly vital in eco-friendly packaging research.</div><div>This review critically evaluates the physicochemical properties of plant polysaccharide-based EFs, focusing on their characterization using advanced instrumental techniques, including thermal (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)), structural (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD)), spectroscopic (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)), and mechanical (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break) analyses.</div><div>Plant polysaccharide-based EFs exhibit great gas barrier properties, tunable mechanical performance (e.g., high tensile strength and elongation), and enhanced antimicrobial/antioxidant functionalities, making them ideal for food preservation. Advanced characterization techniques reveal critical insights into their molecular structure, thermal stability, and surface morphology, enabling tailored film design. This review highlights the potential of EFs as green packaging solutions, while emphasizing the need for further research to optimize scalability and cost-effectiveness for widespread industrial adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical, chemical, and nano-enabled modifications of starch for sustainable food packaging films: recent trends, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Prashant Anil Pawase ,&nbsp;Aniket M. Pathare ,&nbsp;Omar Bashir ,&nbsp;Fizza Saleem ,&nbsp;Esha Shrama ,&nbsp;Swasti Mudgal ,&nbsp;Mudasir Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for sustainable green alternatives in food packaging continues, as petroleum-based plastics remain a major environmental and health concern. Among naturally abundant polymers, starch is an attractive candidate due to its substantial availability, low cost, and structural flexibility for targeted modifications. This review critically examines potential starch sources for biodegradable film fabrication, highlighting physical and thermal modifications that have achieved notable performance gains—for example, acetylation improving tensile strength by up to 35 % and nanocellulose reinforcement reducing oxygen permeability by over 50 %. Film-making methods such as solution casting, extrusion, and blow moulding are evaluated for their influence on mechanical and barrier properties. The integration of nanocarriers and bioactive compounds is discussed in relation to mechanical enhancement, barrier improvement, and shelf-life extension. Additionally, processing parameters including moisture content, drying methods, and temperature are assessed for their impact on final film performance. Inorganic nanofillers such as zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and titanium dioxide are compared with sustainable bio-based fillers, emphasizing their property enhancements and safety considerations. Unlike earlier reviews, this work synthesizes recent advances (2020–2024) with a dual focus on performance metrics and regulatory implications, providing a concise framework for guiding future development of high-performance, sustainable starch-based food packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to wealth: Advancing sustainability with state-of-the-art progress of cellulose nanocrystals and its composites for biomedical applications: A review","authors":"Collince Omondi Awere ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Hyderi ,&nbsp;Valentine Chikaodili Anadebe ,&nbsp;Pandiyan Muthuramalingam ,&nbsp;Hyunsuk Shin ,&nbsp;Eunice Wamuyu Githae ,&nbsp;Eno E. Ebenso ,&nbsp;Arumugam Veera Ravi ,&nbsp;Manikandan Ramesh","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have significantly expanded their potential in biomedical applications, driven by their high surface area, biodegradability, and ability to be functionalized for specific biological interactions. The CNC market is projected to reach approximately USD 1 billion by 2030. This review critically examines the latest developments in CNC extraction methods, highlighting conversion of waste to wealth hydrolysis-based techniques that offer improved yield and reduced environmental impact. It also explores innovative surface modification strategies, such as peptide conjugation and polymer grafting, which have enhanced CNCs’ performance in targeted drug delivery and tissue scaffolding. Particular emphasis is placed on CNC-based hydrogels and aerogels, which have demonstrated improved cell adhesion, controlled drug release profiles, and antimicrobial efficacy in recent <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies. Despite this progress, issues such as batch variability and cytotoxicity in long-term implantation remain. To address these issues, the review highlights promising directions, including the development of standardized protocols for biological testing, scalable green synthesis pathways, and the integration of CNCs with other nanomaterials. Overall, the review synthesizes emerging evidence that positions CNCs as a viable, multifunctional platform for next-generation biomedical technologies, while outlining practical strategies to bridge the gap between experimental promise and clinical implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a hydrogel film based on chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose for food packaging applications","authors":"Saba Sabzevari ,&nbsp;Hasan Farrokhzad ,&nbsp;Ali Poorkhalil","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the synthesis of a novel hydrogel film composed of chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) crosslinked with citric acid (CA). The primary objective is to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties of CMC and CS by optimizing the crosslinking density through varying CA concentration. Glycerin was added as a plasticizer in selected formulations. Hydrogel films were synthesized using equal volumes of CS and CMC solutions with different amounts of CA (12, 18, and 24 wt.%) at 80°C. The films were characterized by water vapor permeability (WVP), contact angle, solubility, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal performance. The optimized formulation (18 wt.% CA) exhibited WVP of 7.68 × 10⁻⁹ g h⁻¹ m⁻¹ Pa⁻¹ and a contact angle of 45.19 °, indicating improved moisture barrier and hydrophobicity. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break were 7.12 MPa, 0.22 MPa, and 35.95 %, respectively. Thermal analysis indicated an onset degradation temperature of 255°C and a maximum degradation temperature of 294.1°C. These findings suggest that CA-crosslinked CS-CMC hydrogel films possess a balanced combination of mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and moisture barrier performance, making them promising candidates for applications in food packaging, biomedical devices, and environmentally sustainable coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of steam sterilization on the rheological characteristics, printability, and bioactivity of nanocellulose/alginate hydrogels for 3D bioprinting","authors":"Elena Usala ,&nbsp;Zoilo Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Noelia Campillo ,&nbsp;José Baena ,&nbsp;Begoña Ferrari ,&nbsp;Alejandro Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Eduardo Espinosa","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective sterilization of bioinks is essential for the clinical translation of 3D bioprinting, though it can compromise the physical and biological properties of natural hydrogels. This study examines the impact of steam sterilization (121 °C, 15 min) on nanocellulose (CNF)/alginate hydrogels with alginate concentrations of 1 %, 1.5 %, and 3 % (w/v), focusing on rheology, printability, and biocompatibility. Hydrogels with 1.5 % and 3 % alginate retained their viscoelastic properties after sterilization, with storage modulus (G′) values above 1000 Pa. Printability analysis showed high structural fidelity, with pore factors of 0.75–0.88 and integrity factors over 0.9. In contrast, the 1 % formulation displayed poor crosslinking and structural instability. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hB MMSCs) showed over 90 % viability in all sterilized hydrogels. The 3 % alginate formulation supported uniform cell distribution and scaffold integrity over 14 days, despite slightly reduced cell proliferation. Its superior mechanical strength and dimensional stability make it the most suitable for applications requiring robust and precise scaffolds. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing alginate concentration, particularly at 3 % w/v, to ensure a balance between sterilization resilience, printability, and biocompatibility. This work provides a validated strategy for developing safe, effective, and ready-to-use bioinks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}