基于壳聚糖的免疫治疗和协同免疫化疗材料和策略:基于基因的免疫调节和CAR-T和过继细胞转移的重点

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Sajad Safarzadeh , Seyed Morteza Naghib , Ghasem Takdehghan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

癌症免疫疗法,利用人体免疫系统的成分来瞄准和消除恶性肿瘤,已经成为现代治疗方法的基石。尽管取得了重大进展,但与治疗疗效、安全性和精确给药相关的持续挑战仍然是关键障碍。壳聚糖(CS)是一种天然衍生的多糖,具有生物可降解性、生物相容性、非免疫原性和无毒性等特点,作为一种有希望克服这些障碍的解决方案而受到广泛关注。基于cs的给药平台显著提高了治疗生物利用度,促进了免疫应答的靶向调节,并增强了强大的抗肿瘤活性。此外,CS固有的多功能性使得开发量身定制的、反应灵敏的、多功能的递送系统成为可能,从而扩大了癌症免疫治疗的有效性。本文综述了cs联合肿瘤免疫治疗策略的最新进展。首先,我们研究CS在溶瘤病毒免疫治疗中的应用,强调改进肿瘤特异性靶向,有效的病毒传递和增强免疫激活。随后,我们评估了基于cs的佐剂和疫苗在加强抗原特异性免疫反应中的作用。此外,我们讨论了使用CS载体的基于核酸的免疫治疗,特别关注它们激活关键免疫信号通路的能力,特别是cGAS-STING轴,增强全身抗肿瘤免疫。此外,还探讨了CS在优化过继细胞治疗(包括CAR-T细胞治疗)中的潜在作用,强调了细胞运输、持久性和治疗结果的改善。最后,我们分析了cs增强免疫疗法与化疗、光疗、放疗(RT)、声动力疗法(SDT)、代谢疗法和微波热疗法等互补疗法的整合,强调了它们作为全面根除肿瘤的强大组合策略的集体潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Chitosan-based materials and strategies in immunotherapy and synergistic immunochemotherapy: A focus on gene-based immunoregulation and CAR-T and adoptive cell transfer
Cancer immunotherapy, which utilizes the body's immune system components to target and eliminate malignancies, has emerged as a cornerstone of modern therapeutic approaches. Despite significant advancements, persistent challenges related to therapeutic efficacy, safety profiles, and precise delivery remain critical barriers. Chitosan (CS), a naturally derived polysaccharide distinguished by its biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, has garnered considerable attention as a promising solution to overcome these hurdles. CS-based delivery platforms significantly enhance therapeutic bioavailability, facilitate targeted modulation of immune responses, and potentiate robust antitumor activity. Moreover, the inherent versatility of CS enables the development of tailored, responsive, and multifunctional delivery systems, amplifying the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. This review evaluates recent advances in CS-integrated cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Initially, we examine CS applications in oncolytic viral immunotherapy, emphasizing improved tumor-specific targeting, efficient viral delivery, and enhanced immune activation. Subsequently, we assess CS-based adjuvants and vaccines in strengthening antigen-specific immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss nucleic acid-based immunotherapy employing CS carriers, focusing particularly on their ability to activate critical immune signaling pathways, notably the cGAS–STING axis, enhancing systemic antitumor immunity. Additionally, the potential role of CS in optimizing adoptive cell therapies, including CAR-T cell treatments, is explored, underscoring improvements in cellular trafficking, persistence, and therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we analyze the integration of CS-enhanced immunotherapy with complementary modalities such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiotherapy (RT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), metabolic therapy, and microwave thermotherapy, highlighting their collective potential as powerful combinational strategies for comprehensive tumor eradication.
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CiteScore
8.70
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