Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical properties and freeze-thaw durability of xanthan-stabilized kaolinite clay with randomly distributed animal-based fibers","authors":"Mahyar Arabani ,&nbsp;Sahand Fateh Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Yasaman Mansourkiaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Shalchian ,&nbsp;Meghdad Payan ,&nbsp;Payam Zanganeh Ranjbar","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the limited load-bearing capacity of kaolinite soil, stabilizing it with chemical stabilizers has gained considerable attention. However, these stabilizers often pose environmental concerns. As a result, there has been growing interest in using natural and eco-friendly materials to improve soil properties. This laboratory study presents a novel composite approach for soil treatment, combining sheep wool fibers (SWF) and xanthan gum (XG) biopolymer. Kaolinite soil was mixed with varying concentrations of XG (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), with curing times of 1, 7, 14, and 28 days, and different proportions of SWF (0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%). Tests conducted included compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), California bearing ratio (CBR), freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The optimal XG content was initially determined to be 1% through UCS testing. Subsequently, the effects of this optimal XG concentration combined with varying SWF ratios were investigated. The UCS and ITS results indicated significant improvements, with the compressive and tensile strengths of the XG-SWF-treated soil being 582% and 354% higher, respectively, than those of the control samples. The addition of SWF increased the ductility of the samples, resulting in greater failure strain. The optimal fiber content was found to be 0.6%; beyond this concentration, fiber twisting and aggregation reduced the structural integrity of the specimens. The combined application of XG and SWF enhanced the CBR value by 177%. F-T cycle tests also demonstrated that XG-SWF-treated samples experienced less strength loss compared to the control group. SEM and EDS analyses further validated the mechanical testing results from a micromechanical perspective. Overall, the findings suggest that XG- and SWF-enhanced soil can serve as an excellent subgrade material for infrastructure applications, such as foundations, roads, and railways, based on its improved mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pectin based three dimensional printing in wound healing: Innovations, challenges, and future prospects: A review","authors":"Sindhu Abraham ,&nbsp;Sharon Furtado ,&nbsp;Shwetha Krishnamurthy ,&nbsp;Omar Awad Alsaidan ,&nbsp;Bhupendra Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and a structural fiber found in plant cell walls, particularly in the primary cell wall and middle lamella. In recent decades, pectin, a biopolymer derived from citrus fruits, apples, and sunflower heads, has drawn remarkable attention as a promising biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process essential for restoring the integrity and function of tissues. The convergence of natural polymers with wound healing properties and cutting-edge printing technologies has resulted in the development of personalized wound dressings for wound management and regenerative medicine. The versatility of pectin as a biomaterial has led to its incorporation in various wound healing applications, including hydrogels, films, and scaffolds. 3D printing technology offers precise control over the architecture and composition of these pectin-based structures, allowing for the creation of tailored wound dressings that can address specific healing requirements. These advanced dressings can potentially enhance wound healing by providing a moist environment, promoting cell proliferation, and delivering therapeutic agents directly to the wound site. This comprehensive review delves into the nuances of three dimensional (3D) printing technology, along with the applications of pectin-based 3D printed dressings in wound healing and tissue regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of zein / hyaluronic acid complex colloidal nanoparticles stabilized Pickering emulsions as a delivery vehicle of curcumin","authors":"Di Wu ,&nbsp;Yang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work complex nanoparticles composed of zein and hyaluronic acid (HA), referred to as ZHPs, were fabricated through the combined effects of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attractions. Compared to zein particles, ZHPs exhibited a larger mean particle size and a reversal in zeta potential from positive to negative. The three-phase contact angle (<em>θ</em>_o/w) of ZHPs with a 10:3 ratio was measured at 88.9°, indicating their suitability for stabilizing Pickering emulsions. Both droplet diameter and the emulsified phase volume fraction of the emulsions were significantly affected by the concentration of ZHPs and the oil phase ratio. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that ZHPs adsorbed on the oil-water interface formed a compact interfacial layer. Rheological analysis showed that emulsions displayed shear-thinning behavior and exhibited characteristics of an elastic gel network. Moreover, the Pickering emulsions stabilized by ZHPs markedly suppressed curcumin degradation under UV exposure compared to both bulk oil and conventional emulsions. Results from vitro digestion indicated that the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and the bioaccessibility of curcumin were enhanced in ZHP-stabilized emulsions relative to bulk oil. Overall, the findings support the potential of ZHP-stabilized Pickering emulsions as efficient delivery vehicles for food and pharmaceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of alkaline pre-treatment on cellulose pulp fiber dissolution","authors":"Antti Koistinen,&nbsp;Tapani Vuorinen,&nbsp;Thaddeus Maloney","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dissolution kinetics of hydrolyzed softwood kraft pulp in several NaOH-based solvents using polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The target is a deeper understanding of how hornification, induced by either alkali exposure or drying, inhibits fiber dissolution. Polarized light microscopy measured the dissolution process by tracking the reduction in sample luminance, while DSC measured the energy involved in dissolution. Both techniques employed a dynamic temperature sweep, where the temperature was decreased at a constant rate over the dissolution event. Alkali pretreatment in 10% or greater NaOH solution severely diminished the fiber dissolution in all solvents. Oven drying at 150 °C reduced the sample swelling compared to room temperature-drying, which is consistent with earlier hornification studies. However, oven drying did not reduce the dissolution parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulp fiber-based composites with plasticized starch via high-shear mixing","authors":"A Eliasson ,&nbsp;V Polisetti ,&nbsp;M Hedenqvist ,&nbsp;A Larsson ,&nbsp;T Geiger ,&nbsp;G. Nyström ,&nbsp;E. Malmström","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-based materials are difficult to process at elevated temperatures as they do not flow as easily as polymers do. The aim of the present work is to obtain a lignocellulose-based thermoformable material with as high fiber content as possible, preferably above 60 wt%. Starch has been demonstrated to bring thermoprocessability when added in large amounts to cellulose fibers. However, the aim of the present work is to obtain a fibre-starch composite with a high fibre content, 60-70 wt%, by mixing bleached Kraft pulp, starch, and plasticizers (glycerol or sorbitol) in a two-step mixing process. First, the pulp was pre-mixed with water, starch, and plasticizer at 90 °C and stirred until reaching a dry content of ca. 90 wt%, where after the pre-mix was further processed using high-shear mixing. Scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed the successful gelatinization of starch and efficient fiber dispersion after mixing. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed thermal transitions in the samples with the highest sorbitol content, 20 wt%.</div><div>Sheets were successfully produced from two formulations via compression molding of the high-shear mixed materials: pulp fibers (60 wt%), starch (20 wt%), and glycerol or sorbitol (20 wt%), respectively. Sheets were pressed at 150 or 200°C. Tensile test revealed that the sorbitol-containing samples had higher strength but lower ductility compared to the glycerol-containing samples. The glycerol-containing samples processed at 200°C exhibited significantly lower strength and stiffness than samples prepared at 150°C, likely due to evaporation of glycerol and phase separation. The most favorable results showed a more than sixfold increase in stiffness and strength compared to pure Kraft pulp.</div><div>Structural weaknesses in the composites were primarily observed at interfaces where starch agglomerates lacked fiber reinforcement. Nevertheless, the method shows strong promise for producing thermoformable lignocellulose-based composites with up to 60 wt% fiber through the incorporation of starch and plasticizer—without compromising mechanical performance. Further optimization of the thermoprocessing conditions is necessary to enhance material strength and uniformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different extraction methods on the structure and anti-aging skin activity of Ulva pertusa Kjellm polysaccharide","authors":"Lu Sun ,&nbsp;Jiandong Li ,&nbsp;Zhaopeng Shen ,&nbsp;Guoxia Li ,&nbsp;Yanhui Jiang ,&nbsp;Yongzhou Chi ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the differences in structure and activity of polysaccharides from <em>Ulva pertusa Kjellm</em> extracted by different methods, including hot water extraction (HWE)-HUP, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)-MUP and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE)-UUP. The polysaccharide extraction rates for HWE, MAE, and UAE all exceeded 20 %. Compared to HUP, MUP and UUP exhibited superior chemical profiles, but had no significant effect on molecular weight (<em>p</em><span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span><em>0.05</em>). FT-IR and NMR analysis confirmed that the functional group composition and main chemical bond types of three polysaccharides remained consistent. SEM and XRD images showed that the morphological structure of MUP and UUP were more porous, but they were still amorphous structure presented by polysaccharides. The antioxidant and anti-aging skin properties of Ulva polysaccharides were evaluated by multiple assays, including DPPH•, •OH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging rates, SOD, MDA, β-GAL and Col-I content, and <em>Sirt-1</em> and MMP-9 expression. At 200 μg/mL, the anti-aging akin activity of three polysaccharides all showed twice the improvement compared to the model group. Among the three extracts, UUP with highest sulfated group and uronic acid content presented the best activity. These findings suggest that ultrasonic-assisted extraction holds greater potential for cosmetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-functionalized antelope horn particles as Pickering stabilizers: enhancement of thermal stabilization and in vitro release of volatile oil from Acorus tatarinowii Schott","authors":"Xiaoxiao Lin ,&nbsp;Fei Luan ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongyan Guo ,&nbsp;Bingtao Zhai ,&nbsp;Liang Feng ,&nbsp;Yajun Shi ,&nbsp;Junbo Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acorus tatarinowii Schott</em> volatile oil (ATVO) exhibits significant pharmacological activity but undergoes oxidative decomposition under thermal conditions, reducing active component content and formulation stability. This study introduced Pickering emulsion technology to enhance the antioxidant capacity of ATVO and the stability of solid preparations. <em>Antelope horn</em> (AH) powder, derived from Lingzhu Powder, is pharmacologically active and physically stable; however, it is highly hydrophilic and thus unsuitable as a stabilizer. Through chitosan modification, the contact angle of AH was increased from 62.8° to 87.3°, enabling it to function as an effective Pickering stabilizer. A high-speed shear emulsification method was used to construct Pickering emulsions stabilized by modified AH. Under thermal stress at 60 °C, the Pickering emulsion group showed significantly lower peroxide value and malondialdehyde content compared to free ATVO. GC–MS analysis confirmed a superior stability of volatile components in the emulsion. <em>In vitro</em> dissolution tests in artificial gastric/intestinal fluids demonstrated that the emulsion released ATVO faster and more sustainably over 48 h. In artificial intestinal fluid, the cumulative release ratios of α-asarone and β-asarone reached 66.25 % and 91.32 %, respectively, which were 1.43 and 1.26 times those of ATVO group. This is attributed to the interfacial barrier effect of chitosan-modified AH particles. Chitosan surface modification effectively regulates the interfacial properties of AH, and the resulting Pickering emulsion enhances the thermal stability and dissolution rate of ATVO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of celecoxib-UFL2®-dual polymer-chitosan solid dispersion using a tetra-system and evaluation of its solubility and permeability","authors":"Jeong Sun Sohn ,&nbsp;Jin-Seok Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug solubilization is currently a major challenge. Therefore, the solid dispersion (SD) method has been used for over 60 years to solubilize and solidify drugs. This study aimed to investigate the solubilization and stabilization of celecoxib (CXB) using a tetra system with the SD method (solvent evaporation). The strategy was to improve CXB solubility by increasing the pH and dispersibility using UFL2®. Additionally, solubilization was promoted using a dual polymer, and stabilization was achieved using chitosan. The optimal SD1 formulation was confirmed based on physicochemical properties, dissolution, permeability, solubility, and stability tests. The dissolution (%) of the optimal SD1 formulation (CXB:UFL2®:IR®:K12®:chitosan = 200:150:100:100:50, weight ratio) was significantly improved, 1.81-, 2.56-, and 1.73-fold higher than that of Celebrex® in different dissolution media with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, 0.25 % w/v). In permeability evaluations of four types of membranes, it showed results superior to those of Celebrex®. In particular, CXB in the SD1 formulation changed from a crystalline to an amorphous form, with the accompanying thermal changes and hydrogen interactions. Moreover, the SD1 formulation remained stable for three months. In conclusion, the SD1 formulation has strong dissolution, solubility, and permeability and is considered worthy of industrial use. Animal testing with the improved formulations is also expected to yield encouraging results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alginate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate shape memory hydrogel films for gastric retention and antibiotic delivery in H. pylori infection","authors":"Ali Raza,&nbsp;Nataša Škalko-Basnet,&nbsp;Sybil Obuobi","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> causes stomach infection and is a leading cause of gastric cancer. Shape memory gastroretentive drug delivery systems offer promising localized drug delivery against <em>H. pylori</em>; however, limited material options and safe removal from the stomach pose challenges. Herein, we prepared dual-crosslinked ciprofloxacin-loaded alginate and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)-based gastro-retentive shape memory hydrogel films to treat <em>H. pylori</em>. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was incorporated to tune film properties by intervening in the crosslinking process. The shape memory behavior of the formulations led to &gt;70 % recovery within 4 min in the simulated gastric fluid. <em>In vitro</em> drug release profiles depended on the PEGDA, alginate, and HPMC content. Furthermore, films' mechanical strengths (20–80 kPa) were higher than natural gastric stress, indicating that the films could tolerate <em>in vivo</em> mechanical stress. The fracture strength decreased with time and the pH-responsive structure of alginate allowed reduction in the mechanical strength through antacid administration for safe removal. The hydrogel films also exhibited prolonged antibacterial efficacy with a zone of inhibition of 34.01±1.04 mm for <em>H. pylori</em>. Films were cytocompatible with &gt;90 % at 5 mg/mL extract concentration. Overall, the prepared pH-responsive hydrogel films exhibited notable shape memory suitable for prolonged gastric retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface charge modulation in metal-crosslinked sodium alginate-chitosan composite adsorbent: Optimized anionic-to-cationic polysaccharide component ratio for Cd and Cr removal from water","authors":"Aminat Mohammed Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mhamed Berrada ,&nbsp;Menbere Leul Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Ayalew H. Assen ,&nbsp;Ephriem Tadesse Mengesha ,&nbsp;Redouane Beniazza ,&nbsp;Kebede Nigussie Mekonnen ,&nbsp;Youssef Belmabkhout","doi":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carpta.2025.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbohydrate-based polymers such as sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS) are emerging as eco-friendly sorbents for heavy metal removal from water; however, their limited water stability often compromises regenerability. Moreover, optimizing the cationic-to-anionic polysaccharide ratio is critical for enhancing the surface negative charge and boosting metal ion affinity. In this study, we prepared a robust Zr/Fe-crosslinked SA-CS composite by carefully tuning the SA-to-CS ratio to 2:1, which exhibits an anionic surface charge (pH_ZPC = 4.3 vs 6.7 for a 1:1 ratio), making it effective for cation adsorption. The Zr/Fe-SA/CS beads were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET, and TGA to confirm that the polysaccharides were well incorporated and functionalized within the adsorbent. The composite beads were employed in batch mode for adsorptive removal of Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺, offering the maximum uptakes of 77.88 mgCd²⁺/g and 66.36 mgCr³⁺/g. The adsorption process was predominantly led by the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.99) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R² = 0.99) models for both Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ adsorption, implying chemical adsorption on a homogeneous monolayer surface. The thermodynamic parameters revealed a negative value of ΔG° and positive values of ΔH° and ΔS°, indicating that the Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ adsorption on the adsorbent is spontaneous, endothermic, and characterized by increased randomness. The molecular dynamics simulation study revealed an adsorption energy of 140.7 kcal/mol for Cd²⁺ and 21.9 kcal/mol for Cr³⁺, substantiating the feasibility of adsorption. The work introduces a novel approach to tuning the polysaccharide-based composite adsorbent’s surface towards negative charge, leading to rapid and enhanced adsorption of Cd²⁺ and Cr³⁺ from water. The developed robust composite provides an eco-friendly solution for the efficient removal of heavy metals from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100213,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}