BMEMat最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering the catalytic and pharmacological mechanisms of Coptis chinensis herbzymes to renovate intestinal microenvironment for colitis alleviation","authors":"Zhichao Deng,&nbsp;Can Li,&nbsp;Yujie Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Chenxi Xu,&nbsp;Bowen Gao,&nbsp;Mingxin Zhang,&nbsp;Martina H. Stenzel,&nbsp;Kelong Fan,&nbsp;Mingzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Yanyan Jiang","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmm2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leveraging the traditional medicinal properties of the intestinal meridian herb <i>Coptis chinensis</i> (CC), CC carbon dots nanozymes (CCzymes) are developed for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The CC precursors provide functional fragments and oxygenated functional groups that endow CCzymes with pharmacological activity and potent scavenging ability of free radicals. Targeting UC, CCzymes can effectively promote the restoration of the intestinal microenvironment. CCzymes inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines downstream of the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways by suppressing the expression of the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase protein (Kit). At the same time, CCzymes inhibited the HIF-1 and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, which in turn inhibited M1-type polarization of macrophages. In addition, CCzymes selectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria while promoting the growth of beneficial microbiota, thus achieving a balanced gut microbiota. Importantly, CCzymes also increased the levels of bile acids and indole derivatives, thereby contributing to the restoration of intestinal barrier integrity. This study provides a novel approach to harness the therapeutic potential of herbal nano-enzymes, offering a powerful strategy for treating inflammatory diseases through targeted antioxidant therapy. Targeting UC, CCzymes can be effective in treating inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-networks via reaction-induced self-assembly coordinate spatiotemporal multi-drug delivery for acute kidney injury therapy","authors":"Juan Jin,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Chenxi Wang,&nbsp;Taian Jin,&nbsp;Xinyang Fang,&nbsp;Yixuan Gao,&nbsp;Mengchun Chen,&nbsp;Weiyang Meng,&nbsp;Chang Gao,&nbsp;Wenlu Li,&nbsp;Yuanfeng Li,&nbsp;Yijie Chen,&nbsp;Calvin A. Omolo,&nbsp;Thirumala Govender,&nbsp;Linqi Shi,&nbsp;Yunguang Wang,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Qiang He","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmm2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe disease driven by a vicious cycle of tubular damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, yet current therapies remain limited by poor targeting, short bioavailability, and inability to synergistically regulate multiple pathological pathways. To address this, we develop multifunctional nano-networks (NNWs) through reaction-induced self-assembly of spermidine, epigallocatechin gallate, 2-formylphenylboronic acid, and deferoxamine via dynamic iminoboronate bonds. These NNWs exploit the oxidative AKI microenvironment to trigger disintegration, thereby enabling the site-specific release of therapeutic agents. Deferoxamine and epigallocatechin gallate chelate excess iron to suppress ferroptosis-associated apoptosis, while epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine synergistically mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation through reactive oxygen species scavenging, autophagy promotion, and cytokine inhibition. NNWs overcome the limitations of single-drug therapy or physically combined drug therapy by integrating targeted delivery, controlled release, and multi-pathway modulation, thereby disrupting the self-perpetuating injury cycle. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated enhanced renal accumulation and superior efficacy in alleviating AKI pathology. This platform provides a promising strategy for spatiotemporally coordinated AKI treatment, offering a blueprint for combinational nanotherapies in complex disease settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine silicon for biomedical sustainability","authors":"Yahui Han,&nbsp;Zhibo Yang,&nbsp;Wei Xia,&nbsp;Chengtie Wu","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmm2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite momentous divergence from oceanic origin, human beings and marine organisms exhibit elemental homology through silicon utilization. Notably, silicon serves as a critical constituent in multiple biomedical processes. Marine biosilicon, an abundant yet underutilized class of siliceous materials, represents a frontier in green and sustainable biomedical development. Enormous interest is garnered by the pursuit of intricate inorganic structures with superior properties involving hierarchical structure, mechanical performance, surface chemical activity, autofluorescent pigment, and intrinsic biosafety. These attractive features drive marine siliceous organisms toward widespread availability in diverse biomedical fields. Current challenges are thorough comparison of biogenic sources, scalable biomanufacturing, and long-term metabolism elucidation during biomedical translations. In this review, a brief overview of marine biosilicon sources is initially clarified. Advancements of engineered marine biosilicon are discussed with improved physicochemical attributes ranging from innovative strategies for tuning the sizes, surfaces, mechanics, and biosensors to fabricating sophisticated complex architectures through pioneering biofabrication designs. Advanced applications are comprehensively summarized on tissue engineering, aesthetic medicine, hemostasis, drug delivery, biosensing and bioimaging, tumor therapeutics as well as wearable devices. Further initiatives and perspectives are extensively delineated. As the first systematic assessment of marine biosilicon materials, this review offers a state-of-the-art framework and theoretical groundwork of biosilicon harnessing for sustainable biomedical applications. It endeavors to propel biosilicified resources and convert the biosiliceous gifts from marine sources to clinical biomedicines that benefit humanity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterial-based immune therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Xinru Zhou,&nbsp;Jia Liu,&nbsp;Shulin Lai,&nbsp;Suhan Yin,&nbsp;Bingmin Luo,&nbsp;Longquan Shao,&nbsp;Yiyuan Kang","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmm2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The progression of NDs is intricately linked to the disruption of immune homeostasis, which is characterized by excessive activation and infiltration of immune cells. Recent studies have uncovered the potential of nanomaterials (NMs) with immunomodulatory capabilities to effectively manage neuroinflammation and slow the progress of NDs. The review begins by elucidating the mechanisms through which NMs modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of NDs. These mechanisms encompass the dampening of innate immune cell activation, particularly microglia and astrocytes, and the restriction of peripheral adaptive immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). By doing so, NMs can alleviate neuroinflammation and promote the repair of damage induced by NDs. The review emphasizes the application of stimulus-responsive NMs for targeted immunomodulation within the CNS. Moreover, it discusses strategies to enhance NM targeting and develop of NM-based active immunotherapies as prospective therapeutic approaches for clinical application. Understanding the mechanisms and applications of NMs is pivotal for unlocking their full potential in immunomodulatory strategies. This knowledge will lay the foundation for novel therapies addressing the unmet clinical needs of NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layered double hydroxides-based nanozymes for effective biomedical applications: A review and future perspectives","authors":"Jiawei Cui,&nbsp;Lu Zhang,&nbsp;Junyi Li,&nbsp;Yue Chen,&nbsp;Sheng Dai,&nbsp;Manfred F. Maitz,&nbsp;Ansha Zhao,&nbsp;Ping Yang","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmm2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanozymes including noble metals, metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based nanomaterials, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have undergone rapid development in recent years. In addition to the cost-effectiveness, high stability, and superior catalytic capabilities of common nanozymes, LDHs have unique characteristics such as extensive surface area, anion exchange capacity, adjustable composition/structure, and low toxicity. Leveraging these properties, LDH-based nanozymes (LDHzymes) with enzyme-like activity demonstrate significant potential for applications, particularly in biomedicine. This review summarizes the preparation methods for LDHzymes with different morphology and elucidates their catalytic activities (including peroxidase-, oxidase-, superoxide dismutase-, and catalase-like activity) and mechanisms. Subsequently, the applications of LDHzymes across biomedical fields are examined, including biosensing and detection, antimicrobial properties, treatment of tumors, and reactive oxygen species-related diseases. Finally, future research directions for LDHzymes are proposed, including the design of high-performance LDHzymes, intelligent therapeutic applications, and the expansion of application fields, which provide a framework for the development of novel LDHzymes for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for spinal cord injury repair: Recent advances and future prospects","authors":"Xiaoliang Cui,&nbsp;Xuanwen Wang,&nbsp;Siying Liu,&nbsp;Lilei Wang,&nbsp;Menghong Li,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Ke-Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmm2.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents significant challenges due to the profound damage it causes to motor functions and sensory. The post-trauma environment, characterized by the formation of cystic lesions and the absence of extracellular matrix, hinders neural regeneration and compromises the survival of transplanted cells. Biomaterials offer a promising avenue by providing a supportive environment for nerve repair. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein extracted from the cocoons of <i>Bombyx mori</i> silkworms, stands out for its exceptional biodegradability, biocompatibility, and adjustable mechanical properties. SF can be fabricated into various formats, including sponges, hydrogels, and fibers, making it highly adaptable for numerous biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. Recent advancements in SF-based biomaterials have highlighted their potential in SCI repair by mimicking the native cellular microenvironment, promoting axonal growth, and facilitating tissue repair. This review focuses on the structure and properties of SF, its environmentally friendly processing methods, and the strategies for designing composite scaffolds using SF-based biomaterials for SCI repair. It also examines future challenges and prospects in this promising field.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium retinoate nanoparticle mediated microglial polarization to regulate inflammatory microenvironment for therapy of neuroinflammatory disease","authors":"Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Yao,&nbsp;Wenfeng Shao,&nbsp;Jiapei Shi,&nbsp;Benjie Wei,&nbsp;Chunhui Sun,&nbsp;Jingang Wang,&nbsp;Jiaming Shi,&nbsp;Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek,&nbsp;Wan Hairul Anuar Kamaruddin,&nbsp;Na Ren,&nbsp;Yuchun Tang,&nbsp;Wenjuan Zhou,&nbsp;Shuping Wang","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmm2.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation can lead to progressive neuronal damage, accelerating the development of neurodegenerative changes or existing neurological disorders. Regulating microglial activation to reshape the inflammatory microenvironments has increasingly become a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological diseases. Retinoic acid, a natural small-molecule compound, holds potential neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. However, its poor water solubility poses a challenge to its bioavailability. In this study, calcium retinoate nanoparticles (Ca-RA NPs) were proposed and synthesized through a coordination reaction between retinoic acid molecules and calcium ions, which were proved to be easily endocytosed by microglia and rapidly decomposed into small molecule/ion storms in lysosomes. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that Ca-RA NPs can inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 polarization of microglia while promoting their polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of Ca-RA NPs on microglia is closely associated with the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, cell co-culture experiments revealed that Ca-RA NPs mediated immune microenvironment can indirectly promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) by selectively modulating microglial M1/M2 polarization. In vivo experimental results further demonstrated that Ca-RA NPs can not only alleviate the local inflammatory microenvironment but also promote the neuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs to repair damaged neurons, thereby improving the behavioral functions of LPS-induced neuroinflammatory mice. These findings highlight the potential of Ca-RA NPs as a promising therapeutic approach for neuroinflammation by targeting microglia.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision modulation of tumor excitability: Targeting cell phenotypic heterogeneity for next-generation cancer therapy","authors":"Zonghao Liu,&nbsp;Xingwu Jiang,&nbsp;Gang Liu,&nbsp;Jian Chen,&nbsp;Kun Song,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Siew Yee Wong,&nbsp;Ruicheng Shi,&nbsp;Yanyan Liu,&nbsp;Wenbo Bu","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmm2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrical excitability, long regarded as a defining property of neurons, is now increasingly recognized in cancer cells, particularly within phenotypically heterogeneous tumor subpopulations. A recent <i>Nature</i> study revealed that the neuroendocrine (NE) subpopulation of small cell lung cancer exhibits neuron-like excitability, capable of generating action potentials and forming intercellular signaling networks that enhance malignancy and metastasis. This discovery highlights how electrical excitability can arise in cancer cells through metabolic reprogramming and dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, heterogeneous tumor subpopulations may cooperate to sustain excitability via metabolic coupling. These findings challenge conventional views of tumor biology, establishing a new paradigm in which cancer heterogeneity drives electrophysiological diversity and functional plasticity, fundamentally reshaping our understanding of tumor behavior, communication, and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing nanomaterials to precisely regulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced immunotherapy","authors":"Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Xueyin Hu,&nbsp;Wei Cheng,&nbsp;Lumeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanfang Chen,&nbsp;Qinrui Fu,&nbsp;Luntao Liu,&nbsp;Saijun Fan","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmm2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and treatment, particularly in the field of immunotherapy. Composed of diverse cell types and extracellular matrix components, the TME collectively contributes to cancer pathogenesis and resistance to treatment. In recent years, innovative strategies targeting the TME have emerged as promising therapeutic approaches for cancer treatments. This review focuses on the latest advancements in engineered nanomaterials designed to modulate the immune-suppressive characteristics of the TME, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species levels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and acidity. By strategically manipulating the TME with nanomaterials, we hold promise for creating a more conducive environment for immune cell activation and destruction of tumor cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. The development of these nanomaterials represents a significant leap forward in our battle against cancer by offering a novel approach to overcome challenges posed by immune-suppressive TME.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro/nanorobots for detecting and eliminating biological and chemical warfare agents","authors":"Song Li,&nbsp;Huaijuan Zhou,&nbsp;Di Shi,&nbsp;Zdeněk Sofer,&nbsp;Jinhua Li","doi":"10.1002/bmm2.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmm2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the occurrence of terrorist incidents and the intensification of war situations, concerns about biological and chemical warfare agents (BCWAs) created by mankind are growing due to their chilling characteristics such as high toxicity, high fatality rate, mass destruction, imperceptibility to senses, rapid dissemination, and even easy availability. In most cases, even slight exposure to these BCWAs can be a disaster because of their lethal or incapacitating effects on humans. Hence, it is urgently demanding to develop effective methodologies for sensitive detection and efficient neutralization of BCWAs in a specific scenario. Among various techniques, micro/nanorobots (MNRs), which can transfer energy from surroundings into kinetic energy for self-propelled or field-powered movement, have emerged as state-of-the-art tools to actively combat biological and chemical threats. In this review, the latest research progress in MNRs for sensing and detoxification of BCWAs is presented. Toxins and pathogenic bacteria have been selected as the representatives for biological warfare agents, whereas nerve agents were chosen as typical chemical warfare agents. Besides, the working principles of MNRs based on their locomotion features (e.g., velocity changes) and constructed material characteristics (e.g., fluorescent on/off switch, photocatalytic effect, adsorption, and antibody-antigen recognition) in terms of sensing and detoxification are summarized. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for the development of fuel-powered and field-driven MNRs and their application in sensing and removing BCWAs are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100191,"journal":{"name":"BMEMat","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bmm2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}