One-dimensional nanomaterials for nerve tissue engineering to repair spinal cord injury

Abstract

In recent years, tissue engineering has emerged as a cutting-edge approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) owing to its remarkable capabilities. It can create living tissues with robust vitality, achieve maximal tissue repair with minimal cell usage, and facilitate seamless reconstruction with unmatched plasticity, all while addressing immune rejection issues. Among these advancements, one-dimensional (1D) materials have garnered significant attention. Their morphology closely resembles the extracellular matrix environment, thereby fostering the elongation of dendrites and axons on neurons and greatly enhancing the prospects for SCI repair. With a keen focus on the latest advancements in the application of 1D nanomaterials in nerve tissue engineering for spinal nerve repair, this review delves into several key aspects. Firstly, it explores the “bottom-up” approach to synthesizing 1D nanomaterials. Secondly, it examines the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials influence neural tissue engineering. Thirdly, it presents various cutting-edge strategies aimed at optimizing the morphology and performance of 1D materials, thereby enhancing the efficiency of nerve tissue injury repair. Lastly, it discusses the current challenges and future prospects facing this fascinating field. We aspire that this comprehensive review will provide a profound understanding of the development of 1D materials in neural tissue engineering and inspire a wider audience with its potential.