Biotechnology Notes最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and phenotypic characterization of a lytic bacteriophage with quantitative host range and antibiofilm activity against clinical MRSA isolates","authors":"Vishnu Priya Panneerselvam,&nbsp;Leela Kagithakara Vajravelu,&nbsp;Shobana Sugumar,&nbsp;Dakshina M. Nair,&nbsp;Rahul Harikumar Lathakumari,&nbsp;Poornima Baskar Vimala,&nbsp;Jayaprakash Thulukanam","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) remains a major public health concern due to multidrug resistance and robust biofilm formation, limiting the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophages have re-emerged as alternative biological tools for targeted antibacterial and antibiofilm strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to isolate and phenotypically characterize a bacteriophage active against clinical MRSA isolates and evaluate its replication kinetics, environmental stability, host range, and antibiofilm activity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bacteriophages were isolated from hospital sewage by enrichment against all 51 confirmed MRSA isolates obtained from 207 clinical specimens, and a single isolate was selected based on highest plaque-forming titer, clear plaque morphology, and broadest lysis spectrum. Phage morphology was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Replication kinetics were assessed by one-step growth analysis, and stability was evaluated under varying pH and temperature conditions. Host range was determined using efficiency of plating (EOP) across four MRSA isolates representing the spectrum of qualitative susceptibility responses. Antibiofilm activity was assessed using crystal violet biomass assay and CFU-based viability analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 51 confirmed MRSA isolates, 98% (50/51) carried the <em>mecA</em> gene. The phage produced clear plaques with a titer of 1.38 × 10¹⁰ PFU/mL. EOP analysis showed strain-dependent infectivity, indicating a moderate-to-broad host range. The phage exhibited optimal stability at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, with reduced activity at extreme conditions. A latent period of ∼30 min and a burst size of 16 phages per cell were observed. Biofilm assays demonstrated up to 96.9% biomass reduction and &gt;4 log₁₀ reduction in viable cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study provides comprehensive phenotypic characterization of an MRSA-targeting bacteriophage. Although whole-genome sequencing was not performed, the findings establish a functional baseline supporting future genomic and translational investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 168-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148735538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized with the assistance of Bacillus tequilensis supernatant","authors":"Elayappan Sindhu,&nbsp;Arumugam Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles offers a novel and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional synthesis methods. The current study utilized the cell-free supernatant of <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> to assist the biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by employing zinc sulphate monohydrate as precursor. The conditions of the synthesis procedure, such as precursor concentration, pH, and temperature of the reaction mixture, were optimized to improve the nanoparticle yield, stability, and reproducibility. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles was assessed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated the presence of functional groups responsible for the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The crystalline wurtzite structure of ZnO was established using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy established the shape of the particles and elemental composition corresponding to Zn and O. Zeta potential analysis indicated the moderate colloidal stability of the synthesized nanoparticles. The findings of the present study demonstrate the feasibility of using <em>Bacillus tequilensis</em> as a novel biological system for the controlled synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using the cell-free supernatant method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 92-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in experimental and clinical in vitro analysis: applications, limitations, and future directions","authors":"Zhinya Kawa Othman,&nbsp;Mohamed Mustaf Ahmed,&nbsp;Rahmatullah Nazari,&nbsp;Adamu Muhammad Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of artificial intelligence into in vitro analyses represents a transformative shift in laboratory medicine, diagnostics, and pharmaceutical research. Traditional in vitro methods, from cell culture assays to high-throughput screening, rely on manual interpretation and conventional statistics. Machine and deep learning now automate image analysis, improve diagnostic accuracy, accelerate drug discovery, and enhance quality control. Convolutional neural networks and predictive models have reported specialist-level performance in cell segmentation, biomarker detection, and pathological classification, although mainly in internal benchmark studies rather than in prospective clinical validations. However, important limitations persist, including dependence on data quality and standardization, limited external and prospective validation, algorithmic transparency, ethics and data governance, regulation, and unequal access to computing infrastructure. We examine the applications, limitations, and future directions of this technology. In this review, in vitro analysis refers to the laboratory examination of cells, tissues, and biological samples outside the living organism, and it spans both experimental discovery research and clinical in vitro diagnostics, which share analytical challenges but differ in their validation and regulatory requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological perspectives on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Seroprevalence and viral pathogenesis in Iraq","authors":"Abdulqader Wael Rasheid ,&nbsp;Shahad Tariq Hamad ,&nbsp;Asmaa Ghafer","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious tick-borne zoonotic disease that is caused by CCHFV and has up to 40 % case fatality rates. <em>Hyalomma</em> ticks and livestock such as cattle, goats and sheep serve as amplifying hosts between which the virus circulates. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies also highlight the importance of integrated epidemiological and clinical studies in Iraq. This paper evaluated CCHFV seroprevalence in human beings, domestic animals and ticks in Iraq and clinical and hematological and biochemical abnormalities in human cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 across ten Iraqi governorates, including 4339 livestock and 150 laboratory-confirmed human cases. Adult ticks were collected from 188 farms and morphologically identified. Human and livestock sera were tested for CCHFV-specific IgG using ELISA, and tick homogenates were screened for viral antigen. Hematological and biochemical parameters in human cases were analyzed with automated methods. Prevalence estimates, chi-square tests, and logistic regression identified predictors of laboratory abnormalities and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A survey of 4339 livestock in ten Iraqi governorates showed 6.4 % seroprevalence, highest in cattle and in hybrid, female, grazing animals, peaking in spring and autumn. <em>Hyalomma anatolicum</em> was the predominant tick species (78.4 %) and had a CCHFV antigen positivity rate of 6.1 %. Among 150 human cases, 12 % mortality was linked to severe hepatic injury, coagulopathy, metabolic abnormalities, and age over 60, with early care improving outcomes and recovery rates improved significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The maintenance of CCHF in Iraq occurs by a cattle–<em>H. anatolicum</em> cycle and causes severe multi-organ involvement in humans. The effective mitigation requires a One Health approach integrating livestock surveillance, controlling vectors, and early clinical management guided with prognostic markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized carbon metal nanocomposites for efficient and sustainable removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water - A comprehensive review","authors":"Deepshikaa Kannan,&nbsp;Bellarmin Michael,&nbsp;Elizabethrani Edwin,&nbsp;Jayashree Srinivasan,&nbsp;Sakthi Sanjana,&nbsp;Nandhini Jayaprakash","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon–metal nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials for the sustainable remediation of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments by integrating the high surface area, chemical tunability, and structural stability of carbon nanomaterials with the catalytic and redox functionalities of metallic nanoparticles. This review critically evaluates the synthesis strategies, physicochemical characterization, and pollutant removal mechanisms of functionalized carbon–metal nanocomposites, with particular emphasis on adsorption, catalytic degradation, and photocatalytic processes. Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and carbon dots, when combined with metal nanoparticles including silver, copper, zinc oxide, and iron oxide, exhibit pronounced synergistic effects that enable the efficient and selective removal of a wide range of pharmaceutical contaminants. Environmental and ecotoxicological considerations associated with the application of these nanocomposites are also discussed, highlighting the importance of comprehensive risk assessment and sustainable material design. Despite their significant potential, challenges related to scalability, cost, and regulatory acceptance remain major barriers to practical implementation. Future research directions focus on green synthesis approaches, the development of advanced hybrid nanocomposites, and their integration with complementary water treatment technologies, underscoring the promise of carbon–metal nanocomposites as sustainable solutions for pharmaceutical pollution control and the protection of aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 75-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of zebrafish, organoid, and organ-on-chip models in breast cancer research","authors":"Reem Alzaharani ,&nbsp;Maha Ali Alghadmi ,&nbsp;Mitra Amiri","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for advanced preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate tumor complexity and improve therapeutic prediction. Traditional two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models often fail to capture the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the disease, limiting their translational relevance. This review addresses a critical gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive and integrated comparison of three contemporary, complementary platforms—patient-derived organoids, zebrafish xenografts, and organ-on-chip systems—within a unified translational framework for breast cancer research. We evaluate each model's capacity to elucidate key signaling pathways, model molecular and genetic alterations, and recapitulate the biology of major breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, we critically assess their roles in drug screening, personalized treatment prediction, and the study of resistance mechanisms, explicitly distinguishing between early-stage proof-of-concept studies, validated preclinical applications, and emerging clinical predictability. A key contribution of this work is a practical, decision-oriented synthesis, supported by comparative matrices, that guides researchers in model selection based on biological relevance, throughput, cost, and clinical predictability. We also highlight current challenges in reproducibility, scalability, and clinical validation, and discuss how emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, artificial intelligence, and bioprinting are poised to address these limitations. By synthesizing the distinct advantages and applications of each platform, this review aims to accelerate the rational use of these advanced models in mechanistic discovery, drug development, and the advancement of precision oncology for breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148241843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From spatial maps to treatment decisions: a roadmap for integrating explainable AI with multi-omics to guide precision immunotherapy","authors":"Mamoudou Hamadou","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immunotherapy has fundamentally transformed oncology, yet durable clinical responses remain confined to a minority of patients, a therapeutic impasse that arises from the spatial complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell and spatial multi-omics now resolve this architecture at unprecedented resolution, while deep learning extracts prognostic signals from histopathology images. Yet these advances have not closed the translational gap, largely because black-box models, fragmented validation, and a lack of prospective interventional evidence prevent clinical adoption. Here, we argue that the strategic convergence of spatial multi-omics, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and mechanism-guided clinical trial design will provide the definitive translational bridge between tissue architecture and therapeutic decision-making. We outline a roadmap in which interpretable spatial biomarkers, derived from concept-based XAI and counterfactual reasoning, are locked as assays, prospectively validated in biomarker-stratified trials, and evaluated under real-world conditions through federated learning. We highlight the necessity of community-wide benchmarking, mandatory sharing of code and spatial data, and the deliberate reporting of negative results to discipline the field. To operationalize this integration, we introduce the Spatial Immune Engagement Index (SIEI), a distance-weighted metric that quantifies the proximity of CD8⁺ T cells to tumor cells using either multiplexed immunofluorescence data or concept maps derived from routine H&amp;E imagery. This interpretable, scanner-agnostic score provides a standardized measure of immune-tumor spatial interaction that can be prospectively validated and locked as a regulated assay for clinical decision-making. This framework integrates systems biology, digital medicine, and implementation science to convert spatial tissue architecture into a routine decision-support tool, directly informing therapeutic choice, trial design, and regulatory policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 177-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current biosensing strategies based on in vitro T7 RNA polymerase reaction","authors":"David Septian Sumanto Marpaung ,&nbsp;Ayu Oshin Yap Sinaga ,&nbsp;Damayanti Damayanti ,&nbsp;Taharuddin Taharuddin ,&nbsp;Setyadi Gumaran","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, a unique behavior of T7 RNA polymerase has expanded its functionality as a biosensing platform. Various biosensors utilizing T7 RNA polymerase, combined with fluorescent aptamers, electrochemical probes, or CRISPR/Cas systems, have been developed to detect analytes, including nucleic acids and non-nucleic acid target, with high specificity and low detection limits. Each approach demonstrates unique strengths, such as real-time monitoring and minimal interference, but also presents challenges in stability, cost, and reaction optimization. This review provides an overview of T7 RNA polymerase's role in biosensing technology, highlighting its potential to advance diagnostics and molecular detection in diverse fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11788683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sida cuneifolia leaf extract for enhanced antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-biofilm activities","authors":"Motasim Ismael ,&nbsp;Madivoli Edwin ,&nbsp;Khayeli Juliah","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the global threats that needs to be addressed. Nanotechnology represents a promising way to address this issue due to its multifaceted mode of action. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of silver nanoparticles using <em>S</em>. <em>cuneifolia</em> leaves extract. The formation and properties of AgNPs were characterized using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, an FT-IR spectrophotometer, TEM, and XRD. Disc diffusion and MIC were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs towards <em>E. coli</em>, <em>S. flexneri</em>, and <em>S. aureus</em>. The antibacterial action of silver NPs was observed using SEM, and cytotoxicity was assessed using the hemolysis assay. The anti-biofilm was evaluated against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>. From the results obtained, a sharp peak in the UV–Vis spectra centered at 419 nm was associated with AgNPs, while the sharp, distinct peaks in the powder diffractograms were linked to the face-centered cubic (fcc) of crystalline AgNPs. TEM micrographs confirmed their spherical morphology, with dimensions varying from 4 to 31 nm. The nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against the tested isolates. Additionally, SEM confirmed that they could destroy the cell membrane and cause death. The biocompatibility of the synthesized AgNPs was safe at 100 μg/mL. Therefore, <em>S. cuneifolia</em> leaf extract has the potential to be an environmentally friendly substitute for the fabrication of Ag nanoparticles. The findings reveal that the synthesized nanoparticles could serve as a secure and effective alternative for addressing AMR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 196-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial electrosynthesis meets synthetic biology: Bioproduction from waste feedstocks","authors":"Dijin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jee Loon Foo ,&nbsp;Matthew Wook Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.biotno.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotno.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating electrochemistry and biology, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) enhances feedstock-to-product conversion by utilizing electroactive microorganisms to harness electrical energy for driving metabolic pathways. Advances in synthetic biology have improved microbial extracellular electron transfer and increased metabolic pathway efficiency, enabling optimized redox balance, expanded substrate versatility and enhanced bioproduction. Given the growing interest in sustainable chemical production and decarbonization, this mini-review highlights recent progress in MES enabled by synthetic biology, with a focus on engineering efficient microbial cell factories for electricity-mediated bioproduction through waste-derived feedstock utilization and carbon capture. We also highlight key challenges limiting MES scalability and propose future directions to enable industrial-scale deployment, unlocking its potential for sustainable, carbon-neutral production and driving transformative advances in biotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100186,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Notes","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}