Supercritical CO2 extraction of artemisinin from Artemisia annua plant and the biotechnological production of artemisinin precursors: A dual-focus review

Babatunde Oladipo, Tunde V. Ojumu
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Abstract

Artemisinin, a vital compound renowned for its potent antimalarial properties, has garnered significant attention due to its therapeutic importance and critical role in combating malaria. The extraction process is essential in recovering artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. plant. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction has emerged as a highly effective and eco-friendly technique, offering improved efficiency, selectivity, and greener processing than conventional solvent-based methods. Despite this advancement, plant-derived artemisinin faces challenges in meeting global demand due to naturally low yields, seasonal variation, and agricultural limitations. Biotechnological advances have enabled the microbial production of artemisinin precursors, such as artemisinic acid and amorphadiene, which can be chemically or enzymatically converted into artemisinin, providing a scalable and sustainable production route. Despite the significance of both approaches, existing literature often treats them in isolation. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive review, integrating scCO2 extraction technologies with microbial-based fermentation strategies for producing artemisinin and its precursors. Key parameters influencing scCO2 extraction efficiency, such as CO2 flow rate, temperature, co-solvent use, and pressure, are analyzed alongside fermentation bioprocess factors such as strain selection, pH, dissolved oxygen levels, carbon sources, and fermentation modes. By evaluating these complementary strategies, this review provides a holistic perspective aimed at improving artemisinin production yield, for accessibility and sustainability, ensuring a reliable global supply. It concludes by highlighting current challenges and proposing future directions necessary for optimizing the integrated production pipeline of artemisinin and its precursors.
超临界CO2萃取黄花蒿中的青蒿素和生物技术生产青蒿素前体:双焦点综述
青蒿素是一种重要的化合物,以其有效的抗疟疾特性而闻名,由于其治疗重要性和在防治疟疾方面的关键作用而引起了极大的关注。提取工艺是从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素的关键工艺。超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)萃取已成为一种高效、环保的技术,与传统的溶剂基方法相比,它具有更高的效率、选择性和更环保的处理方式。尽管取得了这一进展,但由于自然产量低、季节变化和农业限制,植物源性青蒿素在满足全球需求方面面临挑战。生物技术的进步使微生物能够生产青蒿素前体,如青蒿酸和amorphadiene,它们可以通过化学或酶转化为青蒿素,从而提供了可扩展和可持续的生产途径。尽管这两种方法都很重要,但现有文献往往将它们孤立对待。因此,本研究将scCO2提取技术与微生物发酵策略结合起来,对生产青蒿素及其前体进行了全面的综述。分析了影响scCO2萃取效率的关键参数,如CO2流速、温度、助溶剂使用和压力,以及发酵生物过程因素,如菌株选择、pH值、溶解氧水平、碳源和发酵模式。通过对这些互补策略的评估,本综述提供了一个整体的视角,旨在提高青蒿素产量,促进可及性和可持续性,确保可靠的全球供应。最后,它强调了当前的挑战,并提出了优化青蒿素及其前体的综合生产管道所需的未来方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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1.70
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