Advances in Sample Preparation最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive comparison of fatty acid methyl ester profile in different food matrices using microwave-assisted extraction and derivatization methods and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection","authors":"Donatella Ferrara ,&nbsp;Marco Beccaria ,&nbsp;Chiara E. Cordero ,&nbsp;Giorgia Purcaro","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analyzing fatty acids provides key insights into fat composition for industrial applications and their implications for nutrition and health. Typically, fatty acid analysis involves extracting lipids from the matrix and converting them into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) through a derivatization process before gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Either one-step or two-step procedures can be found in the literature and as official methods. In this work, different methods exploiting microwave-assisted processes were compared with two official methods from the American Oil Chemical Society (AOCS). Especially, two types of microwave-assisted extractions were employed: solvent extraction and extraction with hydrolysis. The extracts were derivatized using either BF₃ or a microwave-assisted methanolic hydrogen chloride solution. These combinations of extraction and derivatization methods were compared also with one-step microwave-assisted extraction and derivatization, and two AOCS reference methods, resulting in seven different methods applied to six different food matrices. The performance of the different procedures was compared based on the FAME profile obtained from the comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC × GC)-FID analysis.</p><p>Microwave-assisted processes were shown to be effective, yielding results comparable to the official methods in both the one-step and two-step methods. Moreover, it was shown that the BF₃ derivatization could be safely replaced with microwave-assisted derivatization with methanolic hydrogen chloride, providing equivalent performances while enhancing operator safety and environmental friendliness. Some discrepancies in the FAMEs profile were highlighted for the sample of oats, the only explicitly requiring acidic hydrolysis for lipid extraction. Further studies are required to understand the reasons behind these differences and develop a suitable modified method. In conclusion, all the methods were evaluated for greenness and blueness with two specific tools: AGREEprep and BAGI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000238/pdfft?md5=7d9305659edce576aeacf487b7310e8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000238-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142058063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum-assisted headspace-solid phase microextraction of pesticides in grape samples","authors":"Yerkanat Syrgabek,&nbsp;Mereke Alimzhanova,&nbsp;Saltanat Yegemova,&nbsp;Svetlana Batyrbekova","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (Vac-HS-SPME) could provide an alternative for extracting pesticides from grape samples. Vac-HS-SPME method is utilized to the simultaneous analysis of six pesticides from various classes, namely boscalid, quizalofop-p-methyl, oxyfluorfen, fluroxypyr-meptyl, metribuzin and epoxiconazole. In this study investigated and optimized the impact of independent variables, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, fiber coating, incubation time, salt effect, sample volume, air evacuation time, pH, desorption time with the objective of achieving lower detection limits (ranging from 0.11 to 0.61 µg mL^-1) and effective analyte responses. Moreover, in this work a comparison was made between classical solid phase microextraction and vacuum-assisted solid phase microextraction for the extraction of pesticides in grape samples under the same parameters. The results clearly demonstrated that the combination of Vac-HS-SPME proved to be more appropriate and selective for the extraction of pesticides from grape samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000226/pdfft?md5=3796d3993afa256137a9e584dd76c6e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141596670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in sample preparation: Material characterization and mechanism investigation","authors":"Yahui Gong,&nbsp;Xuerong Chen,&nbsp;Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The principle of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is based on atoms vibration and rotation, and it has become a universal and widely used spectral methodology to detect the internal molecular structures in all kinds of fields. Numerous review articles related to the applications of FTIR spectroscopy have been published in recent years. In addition, more and more scientists are aware the significance role of sample preparation to improve our life quality in life science. However, the application of FTIR spectroscopy in sample preparation hasn't been summarized. Thus, in the current paper, the application of FTIR spectroscopy in sample preparation was reviewed with the focuses on characterization of separation materials including both solid sorbents and liquid extractants, and the extraction mechanisms involved in the separation towards different targets including inorganic molecules such as rare earth elements, organic molecules such as phenolics, pharmaceuticals and illicit-drugs, and biomacromolecules of DNA and proteins. We believe that the current paper will be interested for the researchers in food science, forensic medicine, clinical medicine, environmental analysis and analytical chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000214/pdfft?md5=2e74f7b23acb6b68d91e754413599551&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing biomarker analysis one tip at a time—Coupling antibody to Volumetric Absorptive Microsamplers for sensitive LC-MS analysis","authors":"Christina Johannsen,&nbsp;Léon Reubsaet,&nbsp;Trine Grønhaug Halvorsen","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The constant pursuit of efficient and cost-effective methods for analyzing human samples drives ongoing innovation in biomedical research. Introduced in 2014, Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) technology ensures fixed blood volume absorption and enhanced sample uniformity. Our study aims to enhance VAMS functionality by integrating sample preparation onto the device primarily used for sample collection. This involves the adsorption of antibodies onto VAMS tips, enabling instant sample clean-up at the time of sample collection. Using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as a model analyte, we evaluated the qualitative and quantitative performance of Affinity-VAMS. First, we showed that adsorbing and covalently binding monoclonal antibodies to VAMS tips results in capturing of the target analyte in comparison to unmodified VAMS. Due to the ease of preparation, we moved forward using antibody adsorption to VAMS tip and optimized the procedure. Optimization of the procedure involved fine-tuning the antibody coupling step, washing process, and determining the optimal amount of antibody required, leading to a streamlined process with significant time savings up to two days. Recovery experiments demonstrate successful capture of the target analyte by the Affinity-VAMS, while matrix effects and stability assessments indicate no negative effects from serum matrix or storage conditions. Finally, quantitative analysis shows promising performance of the Affinity-VAMS in detecting different concentrations of the target analyte in the concentration range between 7.5 - 25 ng·mL⁻¹. The calculated correlation factor was R² of 0.9988 and limit of detection 2.5 ng·mL⁻¹. The precision lays within the ICH guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. While this report is focused on the proof of concept of the Affinity-VAMS, our findings demonstrate the potential for the usage of modified VAMS in remote sampling and integrated sample processing, enhancing biomarker analysis in clinical and research settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000202/pdfft?md5=e494767b7410939e2ace08205a23f1ba&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determination of estrogens in fish samples by magnetic solid phase extraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector","authors":"Bin Xue ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Xu ,&nbsp;Zuhai Bai ,&nbsp;Cong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a novel magnetic nanoparticle (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@MIL-53(Al)-NH₂) constructed on the basis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, MIL-53(Al)-NH₂) was prepared, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Good preparation reproducibility was obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 6.6 to 13.1 % (<em>n</em> = 6). In addition, the prepared Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@MIL-53(Al)-NH₂ possesses many merits, including simple preparation, greenness, good water/solvent stability and high specific surface area. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@MIL-53(Al)-NH₂ was used as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of estrogens in fish samples. To achieve higher extraction efficiency, several factors including extraction time, pH value, ionic strength and desorption time were explored. Compared with other methods, the developed method exhibits high extraction efficiency, fast extraction kinetics and suitable for simultaneous analysis of large number of samples. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of estrogens in (spiked) fish samples, and good recoveries were obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000196/pdfft?md5=018e2f4659ca4b8f2c415b3249eed798&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pipette tip-electrospray mass spectrometry for determining opioids in urine, from on-site micro-handling to high-throughput centrifugal microextraction","authors":"Jaime Millán-Santiago,&nbsp;Rafael Lucena,&nbsp;Soledad Cárdenas","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pipette tip-electrospray is a useful technique that synergically combines sample preparation and ambient ionization mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of samples. In this work, the development of pipette tip extraction (PTE) is evaluated under two workflows that can be adapted to different analytical scenarios. Micro-handling PTE (MH-PTE) is an inherently portable technique that can be on-site applied. Centrifugal PTE (C-PTE), firstly presented here, allows a high sample throughput just requiring a benchtop centrifuge. The combination of both MH-PTE and C-PTE with pipette tip-electrospray is evaluated in this work for determining codeine and morphine, two metabolically related drugs, in urine and applied to the analysis of real samples. In the case of MH-PTE, intended to be on-site applied, the chemical stability of the analytes once extracted in the tips plays a crucial role. This stability has been studied in detail, simulating several transport/storage conditions compatible with regular postal services. The analytical features of both combinations are similar, although C-PTE provides a better sensitivity in terms of limit of detection (0.3 µg L⁻¹ for codeine and 0.6 µg L⁻¹ for morphine) compared to MH-PTE (0.6 µg L⁻¹ for codeine and 1.5 µg L⁻¹ for morphine). Moreover, the sample throughput provided by C-PTE is higher (up to 72 samples <em>h</em>⁻¹) than that provided by MH-PTE (up to 12 samples <em>h</em>⁻¹).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000172/pdfft?md5=19a369205bf3f3bdae5be0d44b901171&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric field-assisted dried blood spot sample preparation for analysis of steroids using LC–MS/MS","authors":"Ramisa Fariha,&nbsp;Emma Rothkopf,&nbsp;John Murphy,&nbsp;Nondi Walters,&nbsp;Oluwanifemi David Okoh,&nbsp;Nabil M. Lawandy,&nbsp;Anubhav Tripathi","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite being a minimally invasive sample source, dried blood spots (DBS) generally pose the challenge of efficient sample extraction for broad metabolomics applications. This is particularly true for the quantification of steroids using non-derivatized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assays. To address these limitations, we have demonstrated the use of electric field as a driver for sample preparation from DBS samples to simultaneously quantify testosterone (T), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), progesterone (P), and cortisol (C), using both standard electroporation cuvettes, as well as a novel custom vertical electric field setup. Our findings, backed by computational modeling, show that a 10V DC application for 180 s can draw out twice the amount of the aforementioned steroids from both Whatman-903 and DMPK-C sample collection cards using our novel device when compared to standard solvent-based collection methods. This study not only introduces the use of electric field for sample preparation for metabolomics, but additionally introduces a novel device that eliminates the electric double layer effect in the process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000147/pdfft?md5=1e87ac8cf644213ba412e595abca12e2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141136737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing biomarker detection in human serum for lung cancer diagnosis: Aqueous biphasic systems for simultaneous depletion of high-abundance proteins and efficient extraction of CYFRA 21–1","authors":"Marguerita E. Rosa,&nbsp;Maria S.M. Mendes,&nbsp;Diana C.V. Belchior,&nbsp;João A.P. Coutinho,&nbsp;Francisca A. e Silva,&nbsp;Mara G. Freire","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysing biomarkers in human serum could be used as an effective and less invasive approach for the diagnosis of lung cancer; however, biomarker detection reliability is highly limited due to matrix effects. Herein, aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) are studied as platforms for human serum pretreatment, allowing the simultaneous depletion of high abundant proteins and biomarker extraction. By using ABS varying the polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight between 400 and 6000 g·mol⁻¹ and adopting phosphate buffer as the other phase-forming component, the depletion of the high abundance serum proteins immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human serum albumin (HSA) is induced at the ABS interphase, through precipitation, forming a three-phase partitioning system (ABS-TPP). Maximum depletion efficiencies of 99 % for IgG and 70 % for HSA were achieved in one step using PEG 1500-based ABS-TPP. On the other hand, lung cancer biomarkers, such as CYFRA 21–1, are extracted to the PEG-rich phase of the same ABS-TPP with recovery yields of 91 %. This work shows that a proper selection of the PEG molecular weight in the ABS composition leads to the efficient depletion of high-abundance proteins and extraction of cancer biomarkers from human serum, in a single step, confirming the potential of ABS for sample pretreatment to improve biomarker analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000159/pdfft?md5=cc952288acd7046329196162d433f14a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000159-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple and accurate on-site quantitation of BTEX in atmospheric air using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with photoionization detection","authors":"Tolkyn Kurmanbayeva,&nbsp;Bauyrzhan Bukenov,&nbsp;Zhansaya Rymzhanova,&nbsp;Nargiz Kazhkenova,&nbsp;Aibolat Imangabassov,&nbsp;Aruzhan Smail,&nbsp;Nurbi Karimkyzy,&nbsp;Bulat Kenessov","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper represents an improved method for on-site quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in atmospheric air using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and portable gas chromatography with a split/splitless inlet and photoionization detector (GC-PID). The developed method includes air pumping to four replicate 250 mL gas sampling bulbs, three of which are extracted by 85 µm Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (Car/PDMS) coating at 40°C, while the last one is spiked with BTEX standard in nitrogen and extracted under the same conditions. Compared to other similar SPME-based methods, the developed method does not require a standard gas generator and traceable certified permeation tubes for instrument calibration.</p><p>The method was applied for on-site BTEX quantitation in air of Talgar, Almaty oblast, Kazakhstan in February and March 2024, at two different extraction times, among which 15 min was chosen as optimal because it provided sufficient detection limits of ethylbenzene, and xylenes. The on-site standard addition calibration allowed accurate BTEX quantitation. In February, only benzene (18.3 and 6.8 µg/m³) and toluene (15.7 and 8.5 µg/m³) were detected. In March samples, concentrations of benzene were 12.3 and 7.4 µg/m³, toluene - 23 and 5.4 µg/m³, ethylbenzene – 5.5 µg/m³ and not detected, <em>m</em>-/<em>p</em>-xylene - 3.6 and 2.1 µg/m³, <em>o</em>-xylene - 6.8 and 10.6 µg/m³. The LODs for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, <em>m</em>-/<em>p</em>-xylene, and <em>o</em>-xylene were 0.07, 0.3, 2, 0.8 and 2 µg/m³, respectively. The developed method can be recommended for quick and low-cost on-site quantification of BTEX in atmospheric air, particularly at remote locations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000160/pdfft?md5=ae17d870cb15ac7c8196bd6f27484780&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141136595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on sample preparation fundamentals","authors":"Martyna N. Wieczorek ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Janusz Pawliszyn","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sampre.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary objective of this contribution is to offer insights into fundamentals associated with typical sample preparation, facilitating rational design of new analytical technologies and effective optimization of existing techniques. Sample preparation stands a pivotal stage in the analytical process. Unfortunately, the optimization of associated parameters often relies on trial and error rather than systematic scientific methodologies. If an extraction method provides good recovery of spikes of standards, it is assumed that it works well and no further consideration is given to the underlying principles driving its performance. In the realm of sample preparation, the fundamentals of method optimization are not accorded the same significance as in other technologies, such as chromatography or mass spectrometry. Consequently, the fundamentals of sample preparation are typically overlooked in analytical chemistry curricula.</p><p>A notable impediment to progress in the sample preparation area is underdeveloped understanding of the fundamentals of extraction, particularly when dealing with natural, often complex samples, where native analyte-matrix interaction is different compared to spikes. This stands in contrast to the physiochemically simpler systems employed in separation and quantification steps, such as chromatography and mass spectrometry.</p><p>A careful consideration of the underlying principles of sampling and sample preparation can lead to the creation of more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. Embracing these principles aligns with global shift towards more sustainable future, challenging the perception that sample preparation is solely an artistic endeavour and highlighting its potential as a scientifically grounded discipline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000135/pdfft?md5=29e0aa560ef39e2836c0fa2e057b3981&pid=1-s2.0-S2772582024000135-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140536252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}