Advances in Sample Preparation最新文献

{"title":"Green hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based rapid synergistic cloud point extraction and quantification of ultra-trace lead","authors":"Ingrid Hagarová ,&nbsp;Vasil Andruch ,&nbsp;Alina Kalyniukova","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel and environmentally friendly analytical procedure was developed for the fast separation and preconcentration of ultra-trace levels of lead from water samples at room temperature. The method is based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent–assisted rapid synergistic cloud point extraction (HDES-RS-CPE), followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) for quantification. The selected HDES was composed of <span>l</span>-menthol and 1-octanol in a 1:1 molar ratio, while ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) and Triton X-114 were employed as the chelating agent and nonionic surfactant, respectively. Key experimental parameters influencing extraction efficiency were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 µg/L, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.12 µg/L, and an enrichment factor (EF) of 38, with spike recoveries ranging from 94 % to 104 %. The method’s greenness, practicality and robustness were confirmed using various metrics demonstrated compliance with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry, highlighting the method’s potential as a sustainable and efficient approach for ultra-trace lead quantification in environmental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of proteins and bioactive compounds from turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingibber officinale) wastes using sustainable extraction techniques. Tentative identification of main extracted compounds by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS","authors":"Rubio-Marín Carlos ,&nbsp;María Luisa Marina ,&nbsp;María Concepción García","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ginger and turmeric are spices increasingly employed in juice production due to their outstanding composition and health benefits. This practice results in wastes that, like whole spices, likely constitute a cheap and sustainable source of proteins, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, whose recovery has not yet been proposed. This work aims to evaluate low environmental impact techniques to make the most of these wastes: high-intensity focused ultrasounds (HIFU), subcritical water extraction (SWE), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). In all cases, water was used as extracting solvent and experimental design chemometric tools (Box-Behnken and factorial 3² design) were employed to maximize the recovery of proteins, antioxidants, and antimicrobial compounds, while minimizing the formation of potentially harmful Maillard products during extraction. HIFU demonstrated a greater capability for extracting proteins, which increased significantly when combined with EAE using a polysaccharidase enzyme. The largest protein extraction was achieved from the ginger extract using HIFU for 18 min, at 60 ºC and 80 % amplitude, combined with EAE using Celluclast enzyme. The extracts obtained using SWE showed significant antioxidant activity, with a slight improvement observed when using 2 cycles instead of one. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the extract obtained from the turmeric waste using SWE at 175 ºC for 15 min. The extracts also exhibited antimicrobial activity, especially against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, highlighting the minimum inhibitory concentration obtained from the turmeric waste extract using SWE at 155 ºC for 9 min (0.15 mg/mL). The extracts showing the highest antioxidant or antimicrobial activity were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry for the tentative identification of main compounds responsible for the observed activities. Phenolic compounds, such as 6-gingerol and its derivatives in ginger waste extracts, and curcuminoids in turmeric waste extracts, were tentatively identified as the predominant constituents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibility of NADES and ABS with CE-SDS analysis of bovine milk proteins","authors":"Cristian Gonzalez-Jimenez,&nbsp;Paula Tejedor-Matellanes,&nbsp;Mercedes de Frutos,&nbsp;Angel Puerta","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising interest in studying milk proteins is due to several factors such as the food supplement consumption based on them and the circular economy of the whey obtained as a byproduct in the dairy industry. Modifications of the milk proteins, such as fragmentation, aggregation and denaturation happening during manufacturing need to be tightly controlled. In this work the use of an aqueous biphasic system (ABS) consisting of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and a salt to recover proteins from milk that could be applied to the extraction of milk proteins from byproducts in the dairy industry, was evaluated. As NADES betaine:urea:water (1:2:1 molar ratio) was employed. Back-extraction of milk proteins into water was evaluated by UV spectroscopy and by capillary electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS). This study included the prior assessment of the usefulness of non-reducing CE-SDS method with laboratory-made gel-buffers for analyzing bovine caseins and whey proteins. Afterwards the compatibility of this CE method with the use of this NADES as protein solvent was established. The study allowed demonstrating that caseins as well as whey proteins mainly partition in the NADES-rich phase of the ABS, with recovery yield values higher than 77 %, extraction efficiencies higher than 97 % and back-extraction into water using centrifugal filter devices higher than 28 %. This work supports a procedure for recovering milk proteins from dairy industry byproducts using chemicals considered environmentally friendly. Sustainability of the ABS and back-extraction method was assessed using the AGREEprep tool. Besides the green characteristics of the sample preparation, the CE-SDS method established consumes a very low volume of sample and reagents and allows analyzing the individual caseins and whey proteins in less than 6 min as well as measuring the back-extraction recovery in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquid-grafted aminosilica-graphene oxide sorbent for efficient microextraction by packed sorbent of multiclass pesticides in wine","authors":"Alessandra Timóteo Cardoso ,&nbsp;Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Alejandro Cifuentes ,&nbsp;Fernando Mauro Lanças","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring pesticide residues in wine is essential for ensuring food safety, as these compounds and their metabolites can persist in the final product and pose potential health risks. This study reports the development of a hybrid sorbent based on graphene oxide anchored to aminosilica particles (GO@Si), functionalized with ionic liquids (ILs) via direct anion-exchange. Among the tested combinations, GO@Si-[VHIm]⁺PF₆⁻ exhibited the best extraction performance due to its multiple interaction mechanisms with analytes. This sorbent was integrated into a microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) system for the extraction of six multiclass pesticides from wine, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. After optimizing extraction conditions using univariate and multivariate approaches, the method demonstrated excellent linearity (r² ≥ 0.9958), satisfactory precision (RSDs &lt; 15 %), and recoveries ranging from 49 % to 112 %. Limits of quantification were from 0.030 to 0.130 ng mL⁻¹, with negligible matrix effects in white, red, and rosé wines. The method also presented notable green advantages, including device reusability (up to six cycles) and low solvent consumption (0.7 mL per extraction). Sustainability assessments using AGREEprep and BAGI yielded favourable scores (0.52 and 57.5, respectively). This pilot study provides a promising and environmentally conscious analytical approach for multiclass pesticide monitoring in wines, with potential for further development into routine analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing a modified sample preparation and straightforward elemental ratio determination strategy with LA-ICP-MS to expand the nanoparticle probing toolkit","authors":"Olga Lanaridi ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Jakob Nils Blaschke ,&nbsp;Pablo Ayala ,&nbsp;Bernhard C. Bayer ,&nbsp;Dominik Eder ,&nbsp;Andreas Limbeck","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles (NPs) are employed in a wide range of applications due to some of their unique characteristics. Since their properties are partly determined by their composition, accurate determination of their stoichiometry is of paramount importance for optimization and fine tuning of their properties.</div><div>We propose a laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) procedure which enables determination of NP composition. Small NP quantities (approx. 1 mg) are dispersed in a polymeric solution which is then spin coated onto a Si wafer, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of the NPs within the thin polymer film deposited on the Si substrate. Matrix-matched standards are similarly prepared by mixing elemental aqueous stock solutions with the same polymer solution, followed by spin coating.</div><div>After thorough optimization of the sample preparation, and the parameters used for laser-ablation and subsequent ICP-MS analysis, the content of the analytes could be determined with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of &lt; 2 % for standards and &lt; 3–8 % for the NP samples, depending on the NP type, with detection limits lower than 0.2000 µg/g for all elements. Based on the results determined for the individual NP constituents, prevailing elemental ratios have been assessed.</div><div>Yttria-doped zirconia of known stoichiometry, i.e., (ZrO₂)_0.98(Y₂O₃)_0.08, was used as a reference material to validate the fit of the developed approach for the stoichiometric determination of NPs. The experimentally determined stoichiometry is in agreement with the one provided by the manufacturer. The applicability of the method is further demonstrated by assessment of the loading of CdS rods with medium-entropy (CoNiMoW)S NPs, which are interesting as novel catalysts and stoichiometric determination of Zr-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs), which function as catalysts in CO₂ reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorbent-less dried blood spot microsampling","authors":"Miloš Dvořák ,&nbsp;Sylvie Profousová ,&nbsp;Pavel Kubáň","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dried blood spots (DBSs) are typically sampled on porous sorbents, which may retain analytes in their structure during DBS rehydration but also release various species into the eluates and contaminate them. To eliminate the eluate contamination, a novel concept for sorbent-less DBS microsampling was suggested, and a comprehensive study was carried out investigating the effect of the novel and the standard DBS sampling procedures on the contamination. In the novel concept, a small drop of capillary blood with a known volume was quantitatively pipetted into a non-porous polypropylene vial (compatible with capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments for subsequent analysis) without being absorbed by any sorbent. All procedures, including DBS sampling, drying, rehydration, and homogenization, were done directly in-vial, and the blood drying time was &lt; 3 h. By neglecting the porous sorbent, contamination of the resulting DBS eluates by sorbent-borne species was eliminated, which was demonstrated by the CE determination of inorganic cations/anions and organic anions. The ionic composition of the rehydrated sorbent-less DBSs showed no statistical difference from the original liquid capillary blood. On the contrary, all commercial sorbents released considerable levels of ions into the eluates (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and Cl^-, NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, HCOO^- being the major cationic and anionic contaminants, respectively), resulting in up to 3.5-fold higher concentrations in standard vs. sorbent-less DBS samples and having a detrimental effect on quantitative DBS analyses. Moreover, additional ionic contamination was observed for DBSs sampled on pre-impregnated sorbents and/or by volumetric devices treated with anticoagulants. Consequently, a simple, precise, and accurate procedure was presented for sorbent-less DBS microsampling in medical as well as patient-centric conditions. The most convenient and economical DBS sampling was achieved by a low-cost micropipette with adjustable volume, resulting in precision and accuracy of ≤ 1.7 and 1.4%, respectively, for quantitative blood transfers, and CE analyses repeatability of ≤ 7.2%, after the whole DBS processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatile sorbent materials in sample preparation: Where do we go next?","authors":"Rafael Oliveira Martins,&nbsp;Maria Flávia Assunção Magalhães,&nbsp;Winnie Evelyn Valeria Perez Vite,&nbsp;Jussara da Silva Alves,&nbsp;Camila Will,&nbsp;Fernando Mauro Lanças","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous advances in sample preparation methods have led to the development of enhanced strategies to address the complexity of diverse matrices in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. These methods are designed to facilitate sample clean-up and preconcentration of target analytes before analysis by different analytical instruments. In both conventional and miniaturized solid-based approaches, the analytical performance of the extraction is primarily influenced by the sorbent phase. As the sorbent is responsible for mediating the interaction between the target analytes and the extraction material, careful selection is essential. In this context, a wide range of sorbent materials has been introduced to ensure efficient and selective interactions, supporting their application in sample preparation protocols. Nevertheless, the literature still lacks comprehensive and up-to-date reviews that highlight recent advances in sorbent development, including both conventional and bio-based alternatives. Therefore, this review aims to provide a current overview of sorbent innovations, discuss emerging trends, and outline potential future directions in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ simultaneous extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from wastewater using 3D-printed device and UHPLC-DAD/FLD analysis","authors":"César Castro-García ,&nbsp;Arianna Palermo ,&nbsp;Edwin Palacio ,&nbsp;Luz O. Leal ,&nbsp;Laura Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely employed in medicine for their anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Their occurrence has been documented in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as well as in aquatic ecosystems. NSAIDs are classified as emerging contaminants, thereby underscoring the importance of their environmental monitoring. This study presents a novel approach for the simultaneous on-site extraction of six NSAIDs –acetylsalicylic acid (ASP), celecoxib (CEL), diclofenac (DIC), ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KET), and naproxen (NAP)– from wastewater, followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and fluorescence detection (UHPLC-DAD/FLD). A 3D-printed device, coated with a highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) resin (Oasis HLB®), enabled on-site extraction and preconcentration of the analytes, avoiding to handle large sample volumes. A peristaltic pump helps both retention and elution steps. Method detection limits were 0.12 µg L^-1 for ASP, 0.16 µg L^-1 for CEL and IBU, 1.5 µg L^-1 for DIC, 0.09 µg L^-1 for KET and 0.19 µg L^-1 for NAP. The analytical performance of the 3D-printed device was demonstrated by precision below 5 % and the possibility of reusing up to 24 times without significant loss of extraction efficiency. An AGREEprep score of 0.53 classifies this methodology as moderately green. On-site analysis was conducted at the Calvià WWTP (Mallorca, Spain), where five NSAIDs were detected at various stages, demonstrating the feasibility of the on-site extraction across a broad concentration range. Except for ASP, which exhibited a recovery rate below 47 %, the remaining analytes showed satisfactory recoveries, ranging from 90 to 98 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impact of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) on metabolite and nutritional profiles in aquatic organisms by in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME)","authors":"Tianning Chen ,&nbsp;Pengfei Ye ,&nbsp;Chen Yuan ,&nbsp;Ling Fang ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Guosheng Chen ,&nbsp;Junlang Qiu ,&nbsp;Fang Zhu ,&nbsp;Gangfeng Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), due to their ubiquitous environmental distribution in aquatic ecosystems and potential adverse effects to aquatic biota, have initiated global concerns. NBFRs were absorbed and bioaccumulated into aquatic organisms, impairing their growth while significantly disrupting metabolic and nutritional profiles deserves further elucidation, especially for in vivo and in situ characterization. In this study, we selected tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) as a model and developed an innovative in vivo sampling method using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a cationic covalent organic framework (COF) coating fiber, coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS) analysis. Our results demonstrated that self-made SPME fibers possessed excellent broad-spectrum extraction ability (totally 5250 molecular features were detected), and the developed analysis method has the advantages of greenness. SPME technology based on our self-made fiber was successfully applied in research of the impacts of NBFRs on tilapia. After statistical analysis, a total of 811 metabolites exhibited significant differential expression, including the nutritional components such as amino acids, glycosides, and lipids, which resulted in a decline in nutritional quality. These findings provided a new perspective for evaluating the ecological risk assessment of NBFRs, nutritional quality assessment of aquatic organisms and securing fishery products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in solid- and liquid-phase microextraction methods for the extraction and quantification of current-use pesticides","authors":"Seyedeh Bentolhoda Hosseinian ,&nbsp;Milad Ghani ,&nbsp;Jahan Bakhsh Raoof","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of pesticides has led to their pervasive presence in diverse environmental matrices such as water, air, and soil. Therefore, accurate and reliable determination of pesticides in various sample types is essential. In recent years, a range of miniaturized extraction techniques, particularly solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), have been developed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in liquid- and solid-phase microextraction techniques for separation and quantification of pesticides, while also critically evaluating their respective advantages and limitations. In addition, different configurations of solid- and liquid phase microextraction used for the extraction of pesticides are discussed. Moreover, various advanced materials such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), 3D printed devices, Mxenes, and biopolymers used for the microextraction of pesticides were also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}