Advances in Sample Preparation最新文献

{"title":"Innovative sample preparation techniques in food analysis: the rise of compressed fluids and novel solvents","authors":"Luana C. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Juan Felipe Grisales-Mejía ,&nbsp;Monique Martins Strieder ,&nbsp;Jose A. Mendiola ,&nbsp;Elena Ibáñez","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compressed fluids and novel green solvents represent the most promising approaches for achieving sustainable sample preparation in food analysis. Traditional extraction techniques often rely on toxic organic solvents and energy-intensive processes, leading to environmental concerns and inefficient workflows. Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) promotes the adoption of eco-friendly alternatives that minimize solvent consumption, reduce waste, and enhance extraction efficiency. This review explores the role of compressed fluids’ technologies, including Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), and Gas-Expanded Liquid Extraction (GXL) as viable replacements for conventional solvent-based methods. These techniques offer high selectivity, shorter extraction times, and lower environmental impact. Additionally, novel solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), bio-based alternatives, and gas-expanded liquids present sustainable solutions that improve biodegradability, safety, and solvent recyclability. By integrating these innovative approaches into analytical workflows, food analysis can align with Green Chemistry principles while maintaining high analytical performance. This review critically evaluates the latest advancements in green sample preparation techniques based on pressurized fluids, highlighting their transformative potential in food safety, authenticity verification, and bioactive compound extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Natural) deep eutectic solvents in food safety: Innovations in sample preparation","authors":"Laura Carbonell-Rozas,&nbsp;Raquel Capilla-Flores,&nbsp;Roberto Romero-González,&nbsp;Antonia Garrido Frenich","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DES) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as sustainable and efficient alternatives to conventional organic solvents in food safety analysis. These green solvents align with the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC) by offering biodegradability, low toxicity, and high tunability for different analytical applications. This review critically explores the role of (NA)DES in sample preparation for detecting contaminants in food matrices, highlighting their effectiveness in extracting pesticides, mycotoxins, pharmaceuticals, plastic additives, food additives, and heavy metals. It encompasses diverse sample preparation techniques and food matrices, covering literature published from 2020 to the present. A detailed discussion is provided on the compositions of (NA)DES and their tailor-made capabilities for specific food safety applications. Their integration with advanced extraction techniques such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is provided. Additionally, the potential of magnetic and ternary DES is explored, along with other novel DES variants. While the high viscosity of some eutectic mixtures remains a challenge, innovative sample treatment strategies successfully mitigate these limitations, enhancing extraction efficiency and preconcentration capabilities across a wide range of complex food matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel gas-diffusion microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the determination of fragrance allergens in cosmetic products","authors":"Ana Castiñeira-Landeira ,&nbsp;Angel Gomez-Feas ,&nbsp;Antonia M. Carro ,&nbsp;Thierry Dagnac ,&nbsp;Paulo J. Almeida ,&nbsp;Maria Llompart","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient sample preparation method using gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) is proposed for the first time to determine fragrance allergens in both aqueous and alcohol-based cosmetic products. The most significant GDME parameters were optimized, starting with extraction temperature as a preliminary experiment. Subsequently, an experimental design was performed to evaluate the influence of six parameters: acceptor solution volume, acetonitrile percentage in the acceptor solution, sample dilution, salting-out effect, extraction time, and sample volume. Under the optimized conditions, the method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, trueness, obtaining a good performance. The validated methodology was applied to twelve real cosmetic samples, demonstrating the widespread occurrence of these allergens in cosmetics. Notably, lilial, a compound prohibited by Regulation EC No 1223/2009, was detected in one cosmetic product (460 μg mL^-1); and the concentrations of some of the target fragrance allergens in some samples reach values above 1000 μg mL^-1. This methodology represents a sustainable and practical approach, supported by AGREEPrep and BAGI metrics, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometry-based high-throughput sample treatment methods for analysis of xenobiotics in human biofluids","authors":"Esther González-Infante ,&nbsp;Anne San Román ,&nbsp;Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Nestor Etxebarria ,&nbsp;Belén González-Gaya ,&nbsp;Naroa Lopez-Herguedas ,&nbsp;Mikel Musatadi ,&nbsp;Maitane Olivares ,&nbsp;Ailette Prieto ,&nbsp;Olatz Zuloaga","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines recent advancements in high-throughput sample treatment for mass spectrometric analysis of organic xenobiotics in human biofluids. The first section explores emerging techniques using solid, liquid and polymeric sorbents, emphasizing configurations that enhance batch processing and environmental sustainability. Innovations in solid-phase (micro)extraction and liquid-liquid (micro)extraction are discussed, along with advancements in sorbent materials. Additionally, centrifugal-assisted sample treatment is highlighted as a complementary technique that streamlines key steps, including protein precipitation. Special attention is also given to direct infusion and ambient ionization-based mass spectrometry, which significantly reduce analysis time by eliminating chromatographic separation. Automation, crucial for handling large sample volumes in clinical and biomonitoring studies, is also emphasized. The second section reviews recent applications of high-throughput techniques for detecting organic xenobiotics in human biofluids via mass spectrometry. While the primary focus is on urine and blood/plasma/serum, other biofluids such as breast milk, oral fluid, semen and cerebrospinal fluid are also considered. Most studies aim to increase sample throughput via automation, batch processing, or direct analysis, while miniaturization and novel sorbents remain less explored. Research remains largely centered on legal and illegal drug analysis, with fewer studies addressing exogenous xenobiotics such as pesticides, industrial chemicals, or endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Further efforts are needed to develop methods capable of detecting a broad spectrum of compounds within a single workflow. Finally, establishing standardized metrics to quantitatively assess throughput beyond traditional figures of merit is essential for defining high-throughput sample preparation in a meaningful and universally accepted manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) extraction technique for assessing metal interactions with organic pollutants and microplastics in aquatic systems","authors":"Nasim Khatir,&nbsp;Berta Alcalde,&nbsp;Enriqueta Anticó,&nbsp;Clàudia Fontàs","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach for studying metal-contaminant interactions in aquatic environments, based on a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) as extraction technique, for the divalent metal ions (Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)). PIMs are designed to selectively extract metal ions, offering a simple method for assessing the free fraction of metals, which is crucial for understanding their bioavailability and potential toxicity. The PIM, composed of 40 % triacetate cellulose (CTA), 30 % di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and 30 % tributyl phosphate (TBP), efficiently facilitates the transport of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) into a receiving phase of 0.5 M HNO₃, with the affinity following the trend Cu(II) &gt; Zn(II) &gt; Ni(II). All metals exhibit a linear trend in relation to the concentration of metal in the feed phase and the amount accumulated in the receiving phase, within the studied range (0.02 to 0.08 mM). Moreover, this research explores, for the first time, the potential interactions of these metals with two sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfamethazine (SMZ), and two types of microplastics: commercial PVC and a blend of waste plastics. Although a potential interaction is inferred between Cu(II), Zn(II), and sulfamethoxazole at higher concentrations, no significant interaction is observed for Ni(II). In contrast, sulfamethazine does not exhibit measurable interactions with any of the metal ions under the conditions studied. Additionally, microplastics show weak or negligible interactions with the metals, suggesting a minimal impact on metal extraction under the experimental conditions. Finally, the PIM-extraction technique was applied to measure free Zn levels in a river water sample impacted by drainage from an abandoned mine, and in the same matrix enriched with microplastics and SMX at environmentally relevant concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complex world of eutectic solvents: Guidelines for a correct characterization and use in sample preparation","authors":"Chiara Dal Bosco,&nbsp;Massimo Giuseppe De Cesaris,&nbsp;Lorenzo Antonelli,&nbsp;Nina Felli,&nbsp;Alessandra Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixtures with low-temperature phase transitions have been known since the late 19th century, when the term “eutaxia” was first introduced. A major turning point came in 2003, when Abbott and colleagues coined the term “deep eutectic solvent” (DES) to describe mixtures whose melting points are significantly lower than those of their individual components. Since then, these systems have attracted growing interest and have widely been applied across various areas of Chemistry. However, the term DES has often been misused due to the lack of a strict and clear definition for many years. This has led to confusion among DESs (non-ideal systems), eutectic solvents (ESs, thermodynamically ideal systems), and low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs, metastable systems). This ambiguity is especially pronounced in Analytical Chemistry, where the term DES is frequently used as a catch-all label for not-well characterized mixtures. In many studies, practical applications have been prioritized over a thorough understanding of the physicochemical nature of these solvents. As a result, essential thermodynamic data are often lacking, which hinders the rational design of new systems and the selection of optimal solvents for specific purposes, particularly in extraction processes.</div><div>This review aims to clarify the terminology and classification of ESs, DESs, and LTTMs through representative examples and practical applications. It traces the historical development of these unique solvents and highlights their strengths, limitations, and versatility in sample preparation. Special emphasis is placed on the role of water in tuning extraction efficiency and on the use of computational tools to design task-specific DESs. Helpful guidelines are proposed for a proper characterization leading to an precise classification and effective application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural deep eutectic solvent-based matrix solid-phase dispersion-ultrasound assisted extraction of pesticides in pears and their determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Ana Isabel García-Valcárcel,&nbsp;Esther Miguel,&nbsp;Antonio Martín-Esteban","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been proposed as sustainable solvents capable of replacing the conventional harmful organic solvents typically used in sample preparation. In this regard, in this work, several NADES have been evaluated for the development of a matrix solid phase dispersion - ultrasound-assisted extraction (MSPD-UAE) method for selected pesticides (thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, pirimicarb, acetamiprid and tebuconazole) from pear (peel and pulp) samples and final determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among the different NADES and dispersants tested, the one consisting of choline chloride:1,3-propanediol in a 1:4 molar ratio combined with alumina showed the best performance. The effect of the amount of dispersant, the volume of NADES, the temperature of the ultrasonic bath and the duration of sonication was then optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. Under optimal conditions, no matrix effect was observed and quantitative recoveries, ranging from 78.5 to 120 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 20 % were obtained, reaching limits of quantification within the range 4–10 ng g^-1, depending upon the analyte. In addition, after evaluation by Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), Sample Preparation Metric of Sustainability (SPMS) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) metrics tools, the proposed method was found to be superior to other published methods in terms of safety and environmental impact with good applicability potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a greener future: The role of sustainable methodologies in metabolomics research","authors":"Chiara Spaggiari ,&nbsp;Kgalaletso Othibeng ,&nbsp;Fidele Tugizimana ,&nbsp;Gabriele Rocchetti ,&nbsp;Laura Righetti","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability is a growing priority in scientific research, and metabolomics is no exception. Traditional metabolomics workflows rely on hazardous solvents, raising concerns regarding their environmental impact. Recent advancements in green analytical chemistry lay the ground for the integration of eco-friendly approaches in metabolomics from matrix collections and pre-treatment, through sample preparation till data analysis. This review explores the current state of sustainable metabolomic workflows, with a particular focus on green sample preparation methods, solvent-free, low-solvent extraction techniques, and energy-efficient instrumental analysis. Computational advancements, including AI-driven models, machine learning-based semi-quantification, and predictive algorithms for solvent selection, further enhance sustainability by reducing resource consumption. The applicability of these approaches in metabolomic studies, particularly in plant and food research is explored. By integrating innovative green methodologies across all stages of metabolomic workflows, researchers can significantly reduce environmental footprints while maintaining analytical rigor<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends in microsampling and reduced-volume sample preparation procedures","authors":"Miryam Perrucci ,&nbsp;Erika Maria Ricci ,&nbsp;Marcello Locatelli ,&nbsp;Imran Ali ,&nbsp;Fotou R. Mansour ,&nbsp;Abuzar Kabir ,&nbsp;Halil I. Ulusoy","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of Green Chemistry (GC), Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), and Green Sample Preparation (GSP) has significantly influenced the evolution of sample preparation techniques. A central tenet of these approaches is the reduction of sample size, and the minimization of solvent and reagent consumption prior to chromatographic analysis. While these advancements promote sustainability and analytical efficiency, a persistent challenge lies in developing innovative techniques that adhere to these principles without compromising analytical performance-the fundamental goal of analytical chemistry.</div><div>In this context, recent advancements in microsampling techniques are gaining increased attention. Techniques such as Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) are being explored as promising tools for obtaining dried biological matrices, such as blood, urine, and saliva offering potential improvements over traditional methods like Dried Blood Spotting (DBS). Moreover, this review discusses recent methods designed to reduce the volume of samples and reagents used in preparation protocols. The primary aim of this review is to explore the latest trends in microsampling and, subsequently, to examine how these methods align with the evolving landscape of green sample preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in deep eutectic solvent-based membranes for the extraction, separation, and preconcentration of organic compounds","authors":"Nur Fitrah Abdullah Sani ,&nbsp;Rico Ramadhan ,&nbsp;Noorfatimah Yahaya ,&nbsp;Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Husaini Mohamed ,&nbsp;Sazlinda Kamaruzaman ,&nbsp;Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi ,&nbsp;Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain","doi":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional organic solvents and ionic liquids, offering advantages such as low toxicity, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. Their integration into membrane-based systems has revolutionized extraction, separation, and preconcentration techniques, particularly for organic compounds in aqueous matrices. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of deep eutectic solvent-based membranes, focusing on their classifications, preparation methods, and fabrication strategies. The application of different types of deep eutectic solvent-based membranes is critically evaluated. Special attention is given to the optimization of extraction parameters, and mechanisms governing analyte-membrane interactions. While deep eutectic solvent-based membranes demonstrate significant potential for enhanced selectivity, enrichment, and recovery, challenges such as membrane stability, scalability, and compatibility with analytical instrumentation remain. Addressing these limitations through advanced material engineering and process optimization will be crucial for broader adoption. This review highlights recent advancements, identifies research gaps, and outlines future perspectives to enhance the applicability of deep eutectic solvent-based membranes in analytical and environmental sciences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100052,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sample Preparation","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}