Green solvents and enzymes combined with advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive carotenoids and extractable/non-extractable polyphenols from grapefruit peels

IF 6.5 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Advances in Sample Preparation Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.sampre.2025.100192

Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez , María Concepción García , María Luisa Marina

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Abstract

The simultaneous extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPPs) and carotenoids from grapefruit peels using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with biobased solvents was optimized, followed by non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) extraction. Ethyl acetate:γ-valerolactone (20:80 v/v) yielded the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory EPPs at 50 °C in 6 min. From the residue, NEPs were obtained by comparing several methods: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE), and UAE and MAE with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES). UAE (15 min, 30 % amplitude) followed by EAE (70 °C, 40 min) and MAE-NaDES using choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2, 50 % water, 50 °C, 6 min) yielded the most bioactive NEPs. HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS analysis allowed to identified 19 polyphenols in both extracts, highlighting naringin as the majority, particularly in UAE-EAE extract. Stability tests showed UAE-EAE extracts protect against oxidative damage, potentially extending the shelf life of food products. On the other hand, MAE-NaDES extracts prevent anti-inflammatory compound degradation, indicating their potential application in pharmaceutical formulations. Thus, depending on the purpose, either UAE-EAE or MAE-NaDES can be used.

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绿色溶剂和酶结合先进的提取技术，从葡萄柚皮中回收生物活性类胡萝卜素和可提取/不可提取的多酚

优化了生物基溶剂微波辅助提取法（MAE）同时提取葡萄柚皮中可提取酚类化合物（EPPs）和类胡萝卜素，其次是不可提取多酚类物质（NEPs）。乙酸乙酯：γ-戊内酯（20:80 v/v）在50°C、6 min条件下得到的抗氧化和抗炎epp最高。通过超声辅助提取（UAE）和酶辅助提取（EAE）、UAE和MAE与天然深共晶溶剂（NaDES）的比较得到NEPs。阿联酋（15分钟，30%振幅），其次是EAE（70°C， 40分钟）和使用氯化胆碱：乳酸（1:2,50%水，50°C， 6分钟）的MAE-NaDES产生了最具生物活性的NEPs。HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS分析发现，两种提取物中均含有19种多酚，其中柚皮苷含量最高，在UAE-EAE提取物中含量最高。稳定性测试表明，阿联酋- eae提取物可以防止氧化损伤，可能延长食品的保质期。另一方面，MAE-NaDES提取物可防止抗炎化合物降解，表明其在药物制剂中的潜在应用。因此，根据不同的目的，可以使用UAE-EAE或MAE-NaDES。

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来源期刊

Advances in Sample Preparation

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

0.00%

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