Recent trends in microsampling and reduced-volume sample preparation procedures

Abstract

The emergence of Green Chemistry (GC), Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), and Green Sample Preparation (GSP) has significantly influenced the evolution of sample preparation techniques. A central tenet of these approaches is the reduction of sample size, and the minimization of solvent and reagent consumption prior to chromatographic analysis. While these advancements promote sustainability and analytical efficiency, a persistent challenge lies in developing innovative techniques that adhere to these principles without compromising analytical performance-the fundamental goal of analytical chemistry.

In this context, recent advancements in microsampling techniques are gaining increased attention. Techniques such as Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) are being explored as promising tools for obtaining dried biological matrices, such as blood, urine, and saliva offering potential improvements over traditional methods like Dried Blood Spotting (DBS). Moreover, this review discusses recent methods designed to reduce the volume of samples and reagents used in preparation protocols. The primary aim of this review is to explore the latest trends in microsampling and, subsequently, to examine how these methods align with the evolving landscape of green sample preparation.