Cells Tissues Organs最新文献

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000542106","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coculture of Chondrocytes and Stem Cells: A Review of Head and Neck Cell Lines for Cartilage Regeneration.","authors":"Michael Fook-Ho Lee, Daniel Steffens, Johnson H Y Chung, Steven Posniak, Kai Cheng, Jonathan Clark, Gordon Wallace, Payal Mukherjee","doi":"10.1159/000538461","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bioprinting, using \"bio-inks\" consisting of living cells, supporting structures, and biological motifs to create customized constructs, is an emerging technique that aims to overcome the challenges of cartilaginous reconstruction of head and neck structures. Several living cell lines and culturing methods have been explored as bio-inks with varying efficacy. Coculture of primary chondrocytes and stem cells (SCs) is one technique well established for degenerative joint disease treatment, with potential for use in expanding chondrocyte populations for bio-inks. This study aimed to evaluate the techniques for coculture of primary chondrocytes and SCs for head and neck cartilage regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was performed through OVID/Web of Science/MEDLINE/BIOSIS Previews/Embase. Studies reporting on chondrocytes and SCs in conjunction with coculture or cartilage regeneration were included. Studies not reporting on findings from chondrocytes/SCs of the head and neck were excluded. Extracted data included cell sources, coculture ratios, and histological, biochemical, and clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Auricular cartilage was the most common chondrocyte source (n = 10), then nasal septum (n = 5), articular (n = 1), and tracheal cartilage (n = 1). Bone marrow was the most common SC source (n = 9) then adipose tissue (n = 7). Techniques varied, with coculture ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:10. All studies reported coculture to be superior to SC monoculture by all outcomes. Most studies reported superiority or equivalence of coculture to chondrocyte monoculture by all outcomes. When comparing clinical outcomes, coculture constructs were equivalent to chondrocyte monoculture in diameter and equivalent or inferior in wet weight and height.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coculture of primary chondrocytes and SCs is a promising technique for expanding chondrocyte populations, with at least equivalence to chondrocyte monoculture and superior to SC monoculture when seeded at the same chondrocyte densities. However, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the optimal cell sources and coculture ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"36-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Experimental Device with Different Widths for Wound Healing Assay.","authors":"Wen Jia, Junbao Du, Yun He, Shuyu Fang, Yang Bi","doi":"10.1159/000542051","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cellular wound healing assay is an important experimental technique for detecting cell migration in vitro. Scratching on monolayer cells using a pipette tip is commonly used. However, it is difficult to guarantee the scratch with the same width, and the initial scratch width has a large impact on the experimental results for different treatment factors or different cell types. To optimize this assay for diverse experimental requirements, we developed an experimental device capable of generating scratches with variable widths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our device offers the flexibility of selecting among four widths to create cell scratches, enabling the choice of an optimal initial scratch width for specific cell types and experimental conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This device produced straight, clean wounds with precise widths. Comparing cell growth in the four width wounds, Hepa1-6 and HUMSCs showed the greatest difference in 0.6 cm wound, 143B at 0.9 cm wound and urine-derived stem cells at 1.2 cm wound were significantly different, which suggests that the width of the wounds has a huge impact on the experimental results. Compared to other wound inserts on the market, our device is more efficient and economical.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This versatile and practical device provides a valuable solution for studying cell migration, facilitating a deeper understanding of cellular behaviors and the development of therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analyses Reveal Conserved and Modified Steps in the Testis Descent and Scrotum Development in Mouse and Opossum.","authors":"Yoshio Wakamatsu, Yawara Takeda, Koji Tamura, Kunihiro Suzuki, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Gen Yamada","doi":"10.1159/000541805","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In many mammals, the testes descend from its abdominal position on the mesonephric kidney and are housed in the scrotum. It has been speculated that metatherians and eutherians might have acquired the scrotal testis independently because metatherians have the scrotum cranially to the phallus, while eutherians, such as humans and mice, possess it caudally. Rather, recent studies based on sequence comparisons of testis-descent-related genes indicate that the metatherian-eutherian common ancestor might already possess the descent mechanisms. To further elucidate the path of scrotal testis evolution, it is informative to compare the processes of the descent and scrotum development between metatherian and eutherian model animals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we histologically and molecularly compare these processes in gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), the most commonly used metatherian experimental model, and compare them with those in mouse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our observations indicate that, while transabdominal phase of the descent appears to be largely similar, scrotal phase differs due to their distinct scrotum positions. Our cell-labeling analyses and dynamic expression of Gsc1 reveal extensive cell/tissue rearrangements in murine scrotal development. In contrast, Gsc1 is not expressed in the developing genitalia and scrotal primordium of the opossum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest recruitment of new regulatory pathways for the scrotum development and the scrotal phase of the testis descent during the evolution of eutherian mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"155-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer Epithelial Cells Participate in the Self-Organization of Lung Tumor Spheroids: A Morphological Approach.","authors":"Irene Monleón-Guinot, Lucía Bravo-Baranda, Lara Milián, María Sancho-Tello, Mauro Llop-Miguel, José Marcelo Galbis, Antonio Cremades, Carmen Carda, Manuel Mata","doi":"10.1159/000541524","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>The tumor microenvironment is known to play an important role in tumor progression. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this process are still not known in detail and more research is needed on the elements that control tumor progression in lung cancer. In this work, we aimed to investigate the involvement of epithelial and stromal cancer cells in growth, cell migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a 3D in vitro model consisting of cell spheroids cultured in a type I collagen scaffold.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spheroids were manufactured using different combinations of epithelial cells, particularly H460 and H1792 cell lines, with cancer-associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts, both isolated from adenocarcinoma patients. We evaluated the morphology of the spheroids by analysis of F-actin and pankeratin with confocal microscopy. We determined the ultrastructure of cells in the spheroids by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of CDH1, CDH2, and VIM by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that, on the one hand, the type of epithelial cell influences the morphology of spheroids. Stromal cells stimulated spheroid growth and cell dissemination through the collagen matrix, either alone or organized in branches with a nucleus of epithelial cells preceded by fibroblast cells. They also induced the appearance of new cell groups in the scaffold and the presence of EMT markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results presented here indicate the participation of both epithelial and stromal cells in the control of spheroid self-organization. The experimental model proposed here, although preliminary, is useful for the study of some aspects related to tumor progression in lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"219-241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of the Most Suitable Culture Medium for Patient-Derived Lung Cancer Organoids.","authors":"Melissa Acosta-Plasencia, Yangyi He, Daniel Martínez, Juan Pablo Orozco, Antonio Carrasco, Antonio Altuna-Coy, Tianmiao Yang, Tania Díaz, Laureano Molins, Ricard Ramos, Ramón M Marrades, Alfons Navarro","doi":"10.1159/000541274","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541274","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Patient-derived organoids have emerged as a promising in vitro model for precision medicine, particularly in cancer, but also in noncancer-related diseases. However, the optimal culture medium for culturing patient-derived lung organoids has not yet been agreed upon. This study aimed to shed light on the optimal selection of a culture media for developing studies using patient-derived lung organoids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Tumor and normal paired tissue from 71 resected non-small cell lung cancer patients were processed for organoid culture. Lung cancer organoids (LCOs) were derived from tumor tissue and normal lung organoids (LNOs) from nonneoplastic lung tissue. Three different culture media were compared: permissive culture medium (PCM), limited culture medium (LCM), and minimum basal medium (MBM). We assessed their effectiveness in establishing organoid cultures, promoting organoid growth and viability, and compared their differential phenotypic characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;While PCM was associated with the highest success rate and useful for long-term expansion, MBM was the best option to avoid normal organoid overgrowth in the organoid culture. The density, size, and viability of LNOs were reduced using LCM and severely affected with MBM. LNOs cultured in PCM tend to differentiate to bronchospheres, while alveolosphere differentiation can be observed in those cultured with LCM. The morphological phenotype of LCO was influenced by the culture media of election. Mesenchymal cell overgrowth was observed when LCM was used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This work highlights the importance of considering the research objectives when selecting the most suitable culture medium for growing patient-derived lung organoids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Patient-derived organoids have emerged as a promising in vitro model for precision medicine, particularly in cancer, but also in noncancer-related diseases. However, the optimal culture medium for culturing patient-derived lung organoids has not yet been agreed upon. This study aimed to shed light on the optimal selection of a culture media for developing studies using patient-derived lung organoids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Tumor and normal paired tissue from 71 resected non-small cell lung cancer patients were processed for organoid culture. Lung cancer organoids (LCOs) were derived from tumor tissue and normal lung organoids (LNOs) from nonneoplastic lung tissue. Three different culture media were compared: permissive culture medium (PCM), limited culture medium (LCM), and minimum basal medium (MBM). We assessed their effectiveness in establishing organoid cultures, promoting organoid growth and viability, and compared their differential phenotypic characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;While PCM was associated with the highest success rate and useful for long-term expansion, MBM was the best option to avoid n","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"114-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000545551","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545551","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"243-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hedgehog Signaling during Gut Formation in the Freshwater Leech, Helobdella austinensis.","authors":"Brenda I Medina-Jiménez, Hee-Jin Kwak, Yam Prasad Aryal, Chan-Jun Lee, Geon-Hwi Jeong, In-Hyeok Pyo, Hyeonwoo Park, Sangjune Kim, Soon Cheol Park, Sung-Jin Cho","doi":"10.1159/000543782","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The hedgehog signaling pathway plays a crucial role in inducing segment polarity through cell-cell interactions in various metazoans, including arthropods and annelids. However, its involvement in organogenesis and segmentation among lophotrochozoans remains inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the role of the hedgehog gene during gut development in the freshwater leech, Helobdella austinensis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Developmental RT-PCR and in situ hybridization were performed to examine the expressions of hedgehog genes. In addition, embryos were treated with cyclopamine (a hedgehog signaling antagonist) and purmorphamine (a Smo agonist) to examine the potential interactions between Helobdella orthologs to hedgehog and two NKL genes: Hau-NK2 and Hau-NK4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We examined the expressions of four core pathway members - Hedgehog (Hh), Patched (Ptc), Smoothened (Smo), and the downstream transcription factor Gli - spatiotemporally during the embryonic stages of H. austinensis. All four genes were expressed in the developing gut and proboscis during organogenesis but not during the segmentation stage. Additionally, the treatment of embryos with cyclopamine and purmorphamine revealed that NK genes are regulated by hedgehog signaling. Furthermore, NK2 and NK4 were expressed in the developing gut rather than in a segmental stripe pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms that the hedgehog signaling pathway is associated with gut development in the freshwater leech, H. austinensis. The expression patterns of hedgehog pathway genes and their interaction with NK genes suggest a role of hedgehog signaling in regulating gut development rather than segmentation in the freshwater leeches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"194-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12133108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Interosseous Muscles of the Human Hand: Morphological and Functional Aspects of the Terminal Insertion.","authors":"Estela Maldonado, Elena Martínez-Sanz, Javier Catón, Luis A Arráez-Aybar, María Carmen Barrio, Esperanza Naredo, Jorge A Murillo-González, José Ramón Mérida-Velasco","doi":"10.1159/000540760","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To date, there have been no studies conducted on the development of interosseous muscles (IO) in the human hand. This study aimed to investigate the development of these muscles in order to clarify their terminal insertions and their relationship with the metacarpophalangeal joints.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serial sections of 25 human specimens (9 embryos and 16 fetuses) between the 7th and 14th weeks of development, sourced from the Collection of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at UCM Faculty of Medicine, were analyzed bilaterally using a conventional optical microscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that, during the 7th week of development, the metacarpophalangeal interzone mesenchyme extended into the extensor apparatus of the fingers. Furthermore, we observed that the joint capsule and the tendon of the IO derive from the articular interzone mesenchyme. By the end of the 7th week, corresponding to Carnegie stage 21, the myotendinous junction appeared, initiating cavitation of the metacarpophalangeal joint. During the fetal period, the terminal insertions of the IO were identified: both the dorsal interosseous (DI) and palmar interosseous (PI) muscles insert into the metacarpophalangeal joint capsule and establish a connection with the volar plate located at the base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor apparatus. Some muscle fibers also attach to the joint capsule at the level of the proximal synovial cul-de-sac. The functional implications of these findings are discussed within this work.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first detailed description of the development of the interosseous muscles in the human hand.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periarticular Proprioception: Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Structure of Corpuscular Mechanosensors in the Dorsal Part of the Scapholunate Ligament.","authors":"Rami Al Meklef, Johannes Kacza, Thomas Kremer, Susanne Rein","doi":"10.1159/000538169","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538169","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Sensory nerve endings transmit mechanical stimuli into afferent neural signals and form the basis of proprioception, giving rise to the self-perception of dynamic stability of joints. We aimed to analyze the three-dimensional structure of periarticular corpuscular sensory nerve endings in a carpal ligament to enhance our understanding of their microstructure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two dorsal parts of the scapholunate ligament were excised from two human cadaveric wrist specimens. Consecutive cryosections were stained with immunofluorescence markers protein S100B, neurotrophin receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Three-dimensional images of sensory nerve endings were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and subsequent analysis was performed using Imaris software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ruffini endings were characterized by a PGP 9.5-positive central axon, with a median diameter of 4.63 μm and a median of 25 cells. The p75-positive capsule had a range in thickness of 0.94 μm and 15.5 μm, consisting of single to three layers of lamellar cells. Ruffini endings were significantly smaller in volume than Pacini corpuscles or Golgi-like endings. The latter contained a median of three intracorpuscular structures. Ruffini endings and Golgi-like endings presented a similar structural composition of their capsule and subscapular space. The central axon of Pacini corpuscles was surrounded by S100-positive cells forming the inner core which was significantly smaller than the outer core, which was immunoreactive for p75 and PGP 9.5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study reports new data regarding the intricate outer and intracorpuscular three-dimensional morphology of periarticular sensory nerve endings, including the volume, number of cells, and structural composition. These results may form a basis to differ between normal and pathological morphological changes in periarticular sensory nerve endings in future studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Sensory nerve endings transmit mechanical stimuli into afferent neural signals and form the basis of proprioception, giving rise to the self-perception of dynamic stability of joints. We aimed to analyze the three-dimensional structure of periarticular corpuscular sensory nerve endings in a carpal ligament to enhance our understanding of their microstructure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two dorsal parts of the scapholunate ligament were excised from two human cadaveric wrist specimens. Consecutive cryosections were stained with immunofluorescence markers protein S100B, neurotrophin receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Three-dimensional images of sensory nerve endings were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and subsequent analysis was performed using Imaris software.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ruffini endings were cha","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}