Cells Tissues Organs最新文献

{"title":"Passage-Dependent Biological Characteristics of Acute-Phase Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Derived Cells.","authors":"Jinsung Park, Tae-Hwan Kim, Jin Kyu Lee","doi":"10.1159/cto/acbag001","DOIUrl":"10.1159/cto/acbag001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived cells have emerged as a promising autologous cell source for ligament tissue engineering and graft augmentation. However, although these cells are commonly expanded in vitro prior to application, their passage-dependent biological changes have not been systematically characterized, particularly in cells obtained during the acute phase after injury. This lack of knowledge may affect the reproducibility and therapeutic reliability of ACL-derived cell-based strategies. This study investigated passage-dependent changes in human ACL-derived cells obtained during the acute phase after injury, aiming to identify the passage range that retains optimal biological properties for ligament tissue engineering and graft augmentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ACL remnants from 7 patients were collected within 1 month after injury. Cells were isolated using type I collagenase and expanded to passage 5. Morphology was evaluated using optical microscopy and Giemsa staining. Growth kinetics were assessed by doubling time and accumulative cell counts. Extracellular matrix (ECM)- and lineage-related genes (COL1A1, COL2A1, COL3A1, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP], SOX9, tenascin C [TNC], and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ACL-derived cells preserved fibroblast-like morphology up to passage 3, while passages 4-5 displayed enlarged spacing and rounding. Doubling time decreased after passage 1. Collagen gene expression (COL1A1, COL2A1, and COL3A1) declined markedly from passages 3 to 4 (p < 0.001), while COMP, SOX9, and TNC showed no significant changes. α-SMA also decreased from passage 2. Collagen gene ratios were unchanged despite reduced absolute expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACL-derived cells retain favorable morphology, proliferation, and ECM-producing capacity within passages 1-3, whereas passages ≥4 exhibit observable morphological changes and a possible decline in ligamentogenic capacity. These findings indicate that maintaining expansion within early passages may be preferable for translational applications such as scaffold reseeding and biologically enhanced graft ligamentization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the Culture of Mouse Primary Fibroblasts to Study Age-Dependent Effects in Skin Tissue Engineering in vitro.","authors":"Laura Casado Mayo, Micah Wingell, Chanelle A Moise, Cathal J Kearney","doi":"10.1159/000553121","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aged dermal fibroblasts exhibit reduced migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production, alongside upregulation of pro-inflammatory signaling that disrupts the proliferative, granulation, and remodeling phases of wound healing. Despite these age-related impairments, tissue engineering biomaterials are rarely evaluated using age-specific fibroblasts. Current in vitro skin aging models commonly rely on acute stressors, such as oxidative stress or DNA damage, which only partially recapitulate chronological aging. Alternatively, fibroblasts are artificially aged through extensive passaging, which may not reflect physiological aging. This work established a system for accurately representing chronological aging of mouse fibroblasts in vitro by isolating and evaluating fibroblasts from age-specific mice. While senescence in human fibroblasts results from telomere shortening, primary mouse fibroblasts senesce by oxidative damage in atmospheric O₂, requiring careful culture conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We demonstrate that physiological O₂ levels (3%) abrogate the detrimental effects of 20% O₂ by comparing cell proliferation, senescence markers, and morphology of explant-derived fibroblasts. Next, fibroblasts from young (5 weeks), middle-aged (47 weeks), and old (90 weeks) mice were cultured (3% O₂) and assessed for age-dependent changes in their proliferation, migration, immune signaling, collagen production, and metabolic activity in a 3D collagen matrix.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data demonstrate the impaired metabolic activity and migratory ability of old fibroblasts, as well as an overall amplification of pro-inflammatory proteins (e.g., MCP1 and IL-1α), which shifted tissue repair macrophages (\"M2\") toward a pro-inflammatory (\"M1\") phenotype. In 3D collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, old fibroblasts also showed significantly reduced metabolic activity compared to young and middle-aged cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these findings show that primary mouse fibroblasts can retain chronological age-related characteristics when cultured under physiological conditions in vitro, making them relevant in models of skin aging. Studying aging using these robust in vitro methods will be essential for improving the design and translational relevance of biomaterials and therapeutic strategies for wound healing and skin tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the Proteasome System in Shaping Cellular Immunological Characteristics and Its Impact in Modulating the Pathogenesis of Immune-Related Diseases.","authors":"Ejlal Abu-El-Rub, Hana M Zegallai, Ramada Khasawneh, Ayman Alzu'bi, Raed M Al-Zoubi, Grant M Hatch","doi":"10.1159/000553030","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000553030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 26S proteasome degradation system is a central regulator of protein homeostasis and immune function, integrating antigen processing, inflammatory signaling, and cell fate decisions. Dysregulation of this system has profound consequences for immune tolerance, immune evasion, and immune-mediated pathology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this review, we examine the roles of the constitutive 26S proteasome and the inducible immunoproteasome in shaping cellular immunological characteristics, with a particular focus on mesenchymal stem cells and cancer cells, two cell types that exhibit context-dependent immune privilege. We discuss how proteasome dynamics regulate antigen presentation, cytokine production, and the expression of immune checkpoint and immunomodulatory molecules under physiological and stress conditions such as hypoxia and metabolic imbalance. We also summarize evidence linking altered proteasome function to the pathogenesis of autoimmune, immunodeficiency, and autoinflammatory diseases.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The proteasome system is a pivotal molecular hub controlling immune visibility and immune escape. Understanding how distinct proteasome isoforms operate in different microenvironments will be essential for developing targeted immunomodulatory and proteasome-based therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13412223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Biomaterial Charge on Cells' Bioelectrical Signaling.","authors":"Allyson C Deihl, Augustine Oboseoye Odibo, Jhonatan A Gutierrez-Rivera, Andres F Roca-Arroyo, Chima V Maduka, David A Castilla-Casadiego, Gabriel J Rodriguez Rivera","doi":"10.1159/000552765","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bioelectrical signaling, a collection of electrical currents driven mainly by ionic fluxes and transmembrane potential gradients, is recognized as a central regulator of cell behavior, tissue patterning, and regeneration, extending far beyond classical roles in excitable tissues. While electrically conductive materials are widely used to deliver exogenous stimulation, the specific contribution of intrinsic biomaterial charge (fixed charges, counterions, piezoelectric polarization, electric field) to bioelectrical signaling remains comparatively underexplored.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review focuses on how charged biomaterials influence bioelectrical signaling and downstream human cell responses. We first outline the fundamentals of bioelectricity, including electrochemical gradients, Nernst potentials, and resting membrane potential as key regulators of ion flux, metabolism, and cell fate. We then discuss major classes of charged biomaterials (charged polymers, ionically conductive hydrogels, piezoelectric systems, and charged nanoparticles) and how their charge density, polarity, and dynamic behavior shape protein adsorption, integrin-mediated signaling, or membrane potential. Mechanistic links between material charge and some signaling pathways are highlighted in the context of cell adhesion, viability, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Finally, we examine tissue-specific applications in cardiac tissue engineering, bone regeneration, neural interfaces, and skin wound healing and immunomodulation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Charged biomaterials have the potential to modulate bioelectrical signaling not only through electronic conductivity but also via electrostatic fields, Donnan effects, and piezoelectric or ionic charge transport. The charge density of the biomaterials often plays a more dominant role than charge polarity in regulating protein adsorption and cell proliferation, whereas polarity can bias lineage-specific differentiation and immunomodulation. In many regenerative systems, the effects of charge are confounded with mechanical and biochemical cues; mechanistic studies that isolate charge-driven bioelectric phenomena remain limited. Although it is known that surface charge affects the adaptive and innate immune systems, such as through macrophage polarization, the broader consequences of charge-mediated immune modulation remain inadequately explored. Therefore, a more comprehensive discussion and studies on the cell-biomaterial charge interactions are warranted to advance the field and guide future biomaterial design.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13432937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homer 2 Regulates Muscle Differentiation with NFATc1.","authors":"Miki Aizawa, Masakazu Kinoshita, Kunihiro Sakuma","doi":"10.1159/000552863","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Calcineurin-NFAT is an important pathway that regulates skeletal muscle regeneration. Homer 2 that modulates signal transduction in the central nervous system directly binds to NFATc1. However, its role is not fully understood in skeletal muscle regeneration. We aimed to investigate the change of Homer 2 protein levels and expression patterns during muscle regeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male ICR mice (12 weeks) were used in the experiment (n = 6/group). Their left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was damaged via intramuscular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (100 μL). The TA muscles of both legs were dissected at 2, 4, and 6 days post-injection and were subjected to immunofluorescence staining with Homer 2, NFATc1, and muscle regeneration markers (Pax7 and myogenin). We calculated their expression frequency by quantifying the immunoreactivity per 500 nuclei.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed Homer 2 immunoreactivity in TA muscles at 2, 4, and 6 days post-injection. Homer 2 and Pax7, a satellite cell marker, were co-localized in mononuclear cells also in regenerating TA muscles. Many Homer 2-positive mononuclear cells expressed myogenin. The frequency of Homer 2- and NFATc1-positive cells significantly increased at 4 and 6 days rather than 2 days post-injection. Interestingly, co-immunoprecipitation experiments of Homer 2 and NFATc1 showed markedly increased levels at 4 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrated that expression of Homer 2 protein increases in TA muscle regeneration. Homer 2 may act in the muscle regeneration process via the calcineurin-NFAT pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Cells, Biomaterials, and Advanced Engineering for Next-Generation Peripheral Nerve Repair.","authors":"Gabriel Leonard Galahad Declercq, Shang Song","doi":"10.1159/000552723","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552723","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) disrupt sensory and motor circuits, affecting millions worldwide and often resulting in lasting functional deficits. Autologous nerve grafting remains the surgical benchmark for segmental defects, yet limited graft length, donor site morbidity, and inconsistent outcomes - particularly in long (&gt;30 mm) or proximal lesions - underscore the need for engineered alternatives. Although parallel strategies seek to enhance autograft outcomes (e.g., polyethylene glycol fusion, growth factor sleeves, post-repair electrical stimulation), this review focuses specifically on engineered replacements. Over the past decade, convergent advances in cell biology, biomaterials science, and biofabrication have produced tissue-engineered conduits intended to serve as effective alternatives to autografts. Unlike previous reviews that address these domains separately, this work treats cells, biomaterials, and advanced engineering as a unified design problem, benchmarking outcomes with standardized quantitative metrics across both short-gap rodent and long-gap large-animal models and articulating specific design-readiness targets as a translational framework.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Summary: &lt;/strong&gt;This review synthesizes the past decade (2015-2025) of progress, identified through a structured narrative search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus (160 articles included), in three domains: (1) cell-based therapies, including Schwann cells, mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived glia, neural stem/progenitor cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), emphasizing their roles in neurotrophic support, immunomodulation, and remyelination; (2) biomaterial scaffolds, spanning natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and hybrid composites, with design parameters tailored to mimic native nerve microarchitecture and degradation timelines; and (3) integrated strategies that couple living cells with architecturally and biochemically instructive scaffolds, including pre-seeded conduits, injectable hydrogel systems, conductive/electroactive designs, and three-dimensional bioprinted constructs. Functional outcomes are evaluated across short-gap (≤15 mm) rodent and long-gap (≥30 mm) large-animal models using motor metrics (Sciatic Functional Index [SFI], compound muscle action potential, nerve conduction velocity) and, where reported, sensory assessments (von Frey thresholds, two-point discrimination), enabling cross-study benchmarking against quantitative scaffold design-readiness criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key messages: &lt;/strong&gt;Well-designed, cell-seeded conduits consistently achieve ≥85% of motor functional recovery compared to autografts in rodent models of ≤15 mm nerve gaps, with certain platforms nearing equivalence in 20-30 mm defects in large animals; sensory recovery, though less frequently reported, shows parallel trends in studies employing standardized sensory testing. Persis","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid, Growth Factor-Reduced Induction of Functional Neurons from hiPSCs.","authors":"Natalie A Parker, Oluwadamilola E Kolawole, Zhixin Liao, Farsin S Syed, Kara E Moquin, Nisha R Iyer","doi":"10.1159/000552324","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be rapidly converted into neurons via Neurogenin-2 (NGN2) overexpression, but many protocols require costly reagents during the initial induction phase that may limit adoption by labs without routine neuronal differentiation experience. We developed a simplified, low-cost protocol using a tetracycline-inducible (TET-on) NGN2 system in minimal media to generate cortical neurons in as few as 6 days.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>KOLF2.1J hiPSCs were stably transfected with a TET-on NGN2 cassette using the nonviral PiggyBac system and induced with doxycycline in Essential 6 media with or without the Notch inhibitor DAPT. Neurogenesis was evaluated with immunocytochemistry (ICC) and qRT-PCR, and cultures matured in defined conditions were characterized by multielectrode array (MEA) recordings to assess functional maturation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DAPT markedly improved hiPSC-to-neuron conversion efficiency, and yielded glutamatergic neurons expressing cortical markers. MEA recordings showed spontaneous activity by day 14 and synchronous network firing by day 35. Secondary PB transfection enabled Td-Tomato labelling of KOLF2.1J:PB-TO-NGN2 hiPSCs, allowing 24 h live imaging of neurite outgrowth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This streamlined, growth-factor-reduced workflow provides an accessible route for generating functional neurons from patient-derived hiPSCs, including in labs with limited hiPSC or neuronal culture experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13160242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Cell Plasticity during Injury-Induced Epithelial Reprogramming.","authors":"Evelyn Mazzarelli, Sara Lovisa","doi":"10.1159/000552260","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plasticity defines the capacity to change identity in response to stimuli and represents a property intrinsically inherited from embryonic development. The homeostatic epithelial turnover of many organs is guaranteed by plasticity events where stem cell progenitors generate mature differentiated epithelial cells. Plasticity is also a major hallmark of cancer cells, particularly with respect to their ability to escape treatment sensitivity and adapt to the harsh microenvironment.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In the context of tissue injury, modifications of epithelial cell identity represent a fundamental hallmark of damage-induced repair and regenerative processes. Epithelial reprogramming may occur through activation of dedifferentiation programs including fetal reversion and paligenosis, as well as through switches in lineage commitment, such as in transdetermination and transcommitment. Additional mechanisms rely on trans-differentiation processes between different mature epithelial cell types without the involvement of adult stem cells. The activation of all these plastic events supporting epithelial regeneration occurs not only at the phenotypic level but also importantly involves epigenetic control, metabolic rearrangements, and external sensing.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Here we present and discuss the most recent pieces of evidence highlighting the multiple aspects of epithelial cell plasticity involved in the attempt to support repair and regenerative processes. This review will contribute to better define the broad terms of plasticity, especially as it emerged from the latest investigations employing single-cell-based omics, and identify universal and organ-specific mechanisms of injury-induced epithelial reprogramming.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanofibrous-Composite Hydrogels for Modulating Stem Cell Behavior.","authors":"Andres F Roca-Arroyo, Jhonatan A Gutierrez-Rivera, Laura M Mejia-Rosales, Logan D Morton, David A Castilla-Casadiego","doi":"10.1159/000552028","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydrogels are widely used as extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic biomaterials, but most lack the nanofibrous hierarchy of the native extracellular matrix, which is essential for regulating human stem cells (hSCs) behavior. Nanofibrous-composite hydrogels address this limitation by incorporating fibrillar cues, either intrinsically formed, dispersed within the matrix, or applied at the surface, to better replicate the structural and mechanotopographical features of the stem cell niche.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review systematically compares three nanofiber-hydrogel architectures: self-assembling nanofiber matrices, hydrogels with encapsulated electrospun fibers, and hydrogels surface-decorated with fibrous coatings. We examine how differences in fiber chemistry, stiffness, degradability, and spatial organization regulate key hSCs' behaviors, including adhesion, viability, morphology, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion. Polymeric, natural, hybrid, magnetic, and bioactive nanoparticle reinforced fibers are each discussed to highlight how each configuration generates distinct biophysical and biochemical cues. By linking fabrication strategies to resulting cellular outcomes, this review outlines architecture-specific advantages and limitations that inform the rational design of next-generation ECM-mimetic scaffolds.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Nanofibrous hydrogels bridge the gap between conventional hydrogel mechanics and the nanoscale organization of the native ECM, enabling more physiologically relevant control of hSCs' behavior. Each architecture provides distinct structural and mechanobiological cues suited to different therapeutic or manufacturing goals. Hybrid and multifunctional fiber systems, such as magnetic systems, ion-releasing platforms, and nanoparticle-enhanced fibers, deliver synergistic biochemical and mechanical signals that enhance differentiation and paracrine activity. Understanding how fiber properties and organization influence cell responses provides a roadmap for designing ECM-mimetic biomaterials optimized for scalable hSCs expansion and regenerative applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Statement.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000551163","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"IRF9 Affects the TNF-Induced Phenotype of Rheumatoid-Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via Regulation of the SIRT-1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway\" [Cells Tissues Organs. 2020;209(2-3):110-119; https://doi.org/10.1159/000508405] by Fan Jiang, Hong-Yi Zhou, Li-Fang Zhou, Wei Zeng, and Li-Han Zhao has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editors.After publication of this article, concerns were raised about the integrity of the data presented in Figure 1. Specifically, panels in Figure 1c had previously been published by different author groups representing different experimental conditions.Figure 1c \"control\" panel is the same as Figure 3b panel \"Anti-miR-C FITC-A\" in [1], Figure 3b panel \"NC siRNA\" [2], and Figure 3a panel \"SNORD44\" in [3].Figure 1c \"TNF\" panel is the same as Figure 3a panel \"Anti-miR-C\" in [1].Figure 1c \"TNF + sh-Ctrl\" panel is the same as Figure 3a panel \"Anti-miR-186\" in [1] and Figure 3b panel \"empty vector\" in [3].Figure 1c \"sh-IRF9\" panel is the same as Figure 3b panel \"miR-C FITC-A\" in [1] and Figure 3b panel \"blank\" in [2].Figure 1c \"TNF + sh-IRF9\" panel is the same as Figure 3d panel \"Anti-miR-186 FITC-A\" in [1].Figure 1c \"TNF + sh-SIRT1\" panel is the same as Figure 3a panel \"miR-C FITC-A\" in [1] and Figure 3a panel \"control\" in [3].Figure 1c \"TNF + sh-IRF9 + sh-SIRT1\" panel is the same as Figure 3a panel \"miR-186 FITC-A\" in [1] and Figure 3a panel \"empty vector\" in [3].The authors did not respond to requests to comment on the concerns and provide the raw data within the given timeframe despite multiple attempts of contact. The matter was raised to the corresponding author's institution who did not respond to our request for an investigation. Given the severity of the concerns raised, this article is being retracted. The authors have not responded to our correspondence regarding this retraction despite multiple attempts of contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"244-246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}