Cells Tissues Organs最新文献

{"title":"Superior Mesenteric Artery during Intestinal Loop Formation and Its Positional Changes from the Extracoelom to the Abdominal Cavity.","authors":"Tetsuya Takakuwa, Maki Kakeya, Nanase Ishida, Toru Kanahashi, Sena Fujii, Jörg Männer, Shigehito Yamada","doi":"10.1159/000545751","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Features of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its intestinal branches during the embryonic and early fetal periods have not been fully described. We aimed to comprehensively elucidate the characteristics of intestinal branch artery formation in the SMA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serial tissue sections of seven early fetal specimens belonging to the Blechschmidt collection were digitalized and used for segmentation and reconstruction of the intestinal loop, SMA trunk, intestinal branch arteries, and mesentery for further analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intestinal branch arteries fed the intestinal tract from the oral side to the anal side, according to the order of their origin from the root to the periphery of the SMA trunk. SMA and intestinal branches were not as strongly conserved in their morphology as indicated in previous research but varied between specimens. Most intestinal branch arteries exhibited frequent branching with small intervals at the periphery, whereas the proximal branch exhibited few branches. Only a few peripheral branches made contact with the neighboring intestinal branch arteries. The fetal intestinal branch artery architecture differed greatly from that of adults. There were considerable inter- and intra-specimen variations in the intestinal tract length per feeding intestinal branch artery. The SMA branching arteries did not always supply each tertiary loop individually, and not every loop is connected to one branching artery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidates the characteristics of forming the SMA intestinal branch arteries. Specifically, the findings suggest that the SMA is similar to other arteries in that its branches show a level of variability in feeding tissues. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and Challenges in Tracheal Epithelium Regeneration: Insights into Tissue Engineering Approaches.","authors":"Dina Gadalla, Maeve M Kennedy, David G Lott","doi":"10.1159/000545132","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The trachea, a vital conduit in the lower airway system, can be affected by various disorders, such as tracheal neoplasms and tracheoesophageal fistulas, that often necessitate reconstruction. While short-segment defects can sometimes be addressed with end-to-end anastomosis, larger defects require tracheal reconstruction, a complex procedure with no universally successful replacement strategy. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution for tracheal repair, particularly focusing on regenerating its epithelium, which plays a critical role in protecting the respiratory system and facilitating mucociliary clearance. However, replicating the complex structure and functionality of the tracheal epithelium remains a significant challenge, with key hurdles including proper cell differentiation, functional mucociliary clearance, and addressing the relative lack of vascular supply to the trachea.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Current tissue engineering approaches, including biomaterial scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and scaffold-free methods, have shown varying levels of success, while in vitro air-liquid interface cultures have provided valuable insights into epithelial modeling. Despite these advances, translating these findings into effective in vivo applications remains difficult due to challenges such as immune responses, inadequate integration with host tissue, and limited long-term functionality of engineered constructs. Overcoming these barriers requires further refinement of cell sources, scaffold materials, and bioactive factors that promote vascularization and sustained epithelial function.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>This review evaluates the current strategies and modeling, biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors used in tracheal epithelium regeneration, as well as the methods employed to assess their success through histological, functional, and molecular analyses. While significant progress has been made, the development of a safe, functional, and clinically viable tracheal graft remains elusive, underscoring the need for continued innovation in airway tissue engineering. Future advancements in biomaterial design, stem cell technology, and bioreactor-based tissue maturation hold promise for addressing challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"56-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Soft Palatal Musculature Characterized by the Uvula Muscle of Miniature Pig.","authors":"Min Li, Junwen Huang, Xiaoyu Lin, Kaizhao Guo, Xuechun Li, Songlin Wang, Xiaoshan Wu","doi":"10.1159/000546790","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surgical reconstruction is recommended for cleft palate patients. However, improper muscle reconstruction can cause scarring and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Understanding the developmental patterns of soft palatal musculature is crucial for improving treatments. Although mice are commonly used to investigate soft palate development, the uvula deficiency in mice limits their applicability. This study aimed to compare the developmental characteristics of soft palate muscles in miniature pigs and mice at various stages to better understand the patterns in large mammals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Specimens of soft palate were collected from human embryos, miniature pigs, and mice at different stages. Furthermore, comprehensive gross observations, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analyses for myosin heavy chain and hypermethylated cancer 1 (Hic1) were conducted on multiple dissected sections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mature soft palatal musculature exhibited anatomical and histological similarities across the three species. Notably, miniature pigs exhibited the uvula structure and uvula muscle (MU) development comparable to humans. Embryonic day 40 (E40, equivalent to human embryonic week 11, E11w) represented the early developmental stage of the MU, characterized by scattered muscle cells not yet coalescing into multinucleated fibres. By E45 (aligned with human E12w), the muscle bundles reached maturity, exhibiting two oriented fibre bundles flanking the midline. Levator veli palatini muscle and palatopharyngeus of miniature pigs exhibited a distinct course pattern due to the presence of the MU. Hic1+ perimysial cells were observed at the extending edge of the developing palatopharyngeus of miniature pigs, indicating a potential guiding role in the migration of myogenic cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Characterized by the MU, the spatiotemporal dynamic process of soft palatal musculature of miniature pigs was revealed. Miniature pigs exhibit a similar structure of the MU to that of humans and therefore serve as a promising model for researching soft palatal musculature development of large mammals in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"83-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hindlimb Unloading Reversibly Attenuates Osteogenic Potential of Rat Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cells ex vivo.","authors":"Elena Markina, Elena Andreeva, Ludmila Buravkova","doi":"10.1159/000545284","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prolonged space flights negatively affect the skeleton. Stromal cells of mesenchymal origin play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and in regulating the physiological remodeling of various tissues, and this has particular significance for bone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hindlimb unloading (HU) of rats as a ground-based model for simulation of microgravity was implemented. The functional activity of skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) from rat femoral bones was assessed in vitro after 2 weeks of HU and after 2 weeks of subsequent recovery of load support (HU + reloading [HU + R]). To characterize the growth of the SSPCs, the number of population doublings (PDs) was calculated. Histochemical detection of the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) - an early marker of osteo-differentiation - on day 7, and of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization - as a sign of late osteo-differentiation - on day 21, were carried out. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of the genes encoding proteins associated with the functional activity of osteoprogenitor cells (Pparg, Runx2, Alpl, Cxcl12) and bone tissue homeostasis (Mmp9, Spp1, RANKL, OPG, Ibsp, BMP10, Sost).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After HU, a twofold decrease in the PD of the SSPCs, a decrease in AP activity and a significant attenuation of ECM mineralization were detected. There was also significant downregulation of the genes encoding proteins related to bone tissue homeostasis: those for bone matrix proteins (RANKL, OPG, Ibsp), and of the master-genes controlling osteo- and adipo-differentiation (Runx2, Alpl, Pparg), as well as of Mmp9, encoding a regulatory molecule of bone matrix remodeling. By contrast, sclerostin (Sost) was upregulated. After HU + R, the PD, as well as AP activity and the level of ECM mineralization were restored.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HU leads to inhibition of the osteoplastic function of SSPCs. The presented data are significant for the elucidation of microgravity-induced mechanisms of bone impairment and for the development of countermeasures for astronauts as well as for osteo-deficient patients after prolonged immobilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of Endo-Beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase in <italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</italic> Improves Stress Adaptivity.","authors":"Xinrong Lu, Yongliang Tong, Mengting Wu, Shaoxian Lyu, Jiale Fan, Junyu Zheng, Lin Zou, Danfeng Shen, Lin Rao, Linlin Hou, Cuiying Chen, Xunjia Cheng, Guiqin Sun, Zhiyong Shao, Li Chen","doi":"10.1159/000546244","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGASE) is one of the key enzymes involved in the structural and functional regulations of glycoproteins. Although its enzymatic activities and applications have been well studied in vitro, its biological function in vivo yet remains to be illustrated. In this study, the biological function of ENGASE in Caenorhabditis elegans was explored in detail.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An Engase gene knockout in C. elegans (CeEng-1 or CeEngase) was constructed and subjected to a panel of phenotypical and glycomics analysis. In addition, in vitro and in vivo ENGASE inhibition assays were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Engase knockout worm's adaptivity to environmental stresses (heat and osmotic) was significantly improved, and its longevity was also increased mildly. A clustered change in basement membrane proteins (e.g., LAM-1, LAM-2, and EPI-1) was illustrated by N-glycopeptide analysis, suggesting that ENGASE is involved in a basement membrane-based stress regulation. Then, the heat stress phenotype was further supported by in vivo CeEngase knockdown assay and in vitro and in vivo small compound inhibitory assay of CeENGASE, indicating that ENGASE is a potential drug target for stress management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Engase is actively involved in a basement membrane-mediated stress adaptation and could serve as a potential target for healthcare products. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"153-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocytotic Albumin Uptake Pathways in Human Adipose Stem Cells and Connection to Intracellular Calcium Oscillations and the Neonatal Fc receptor.","authors":"Md Tanvir Morshed, Anne Bernhardt, Maria Wartenberg, Heinrich Sauer","doi":"10.1159/000545773","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations of unknown function occur in human adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs). In the present study, we investigated whether Ca2+ oscillations in ASCs from subcutaneous fat tissue derived from female patients were driving albumin endocytosis by involving the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which is mediating the recycling of albumin and IgG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations were monitored by Fluo-4 microfluorometry. Uptake of fluorescence-labeled albumin was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy in the presence of endocytotic pathway inhibitors. FcRn was inactivated either by use of the antagonizing antibody nipocalimab or siRNA technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endocytosis of albumin occurred by macropinocytosis (inhibition by cytochalasin D, wortmannin, and ethylisopropylamiloride [EIPA]), caveolae-dependent (inhibition by genistein and nystatin) and clathrin-mediated (inhibition by Dyngo-4a) pathways. In serum-free medium, Ca2+ oscillations were absent, but were induced by the addition of either fetal bovine serum, albumin, IgG or a stimulating antibody against FcRn. Consequently, FcRn expression was demonstrated in ASCs by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, and colocalized with endocytosed albumin. Ca2+ oscillations were inhibited by the Ca2+ chelating agent BAPTA, the store-operated Ca2+ entry inhibitor SKF96365, the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) inhibitor NPS-2143, the macropinocytosis inhibitors cytochalasin D, wortmannin, and EIPA, the caveolae-dependent endocytosis inhibitors genistein and nystatin, and the clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor Dyngo-4a. Uptake of fluorescence-labeled albumin was inhibited by agents interfering with Ca2+ oscillations and endocytosis blockers. Notably, not only intracellular albumin and IgG accumulation, but also Ca2+ oscillations were inhibited by the FcRn-blocking antibody nipocalimab, which interferes with the IgG binding site of FcRn. Moreover, siRNA-mediated downregulation of FcRn protein expression significantly reduced intracellular albumin content, the number of cells displaying Ca2+ oscillations, and the duration and amplitude of Ca2+ signals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest that Ca2+ oscillations in human ASCs regulate albumin uptake and presumably IgG recycling via FcRn. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"117-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12140596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 Contributes to Impaired Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells during in vitro Expansion.","authors":"Weiqiong Rong, Yuanying Yuan, Shaomian Yao","doi":"10.1159/000544952","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In vitro expansion of primary human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) is necessary to obtain sufficient cells for therapeutic uses. Unfortunately, hBMSCs rapidly lose their osteogenic differentiation potential during expansion, significantly limiting their applications. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is known to play roles in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. This study aimed to determine the expression and the role of STAT4 during the expansion of hBMSCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>STAT4 expression in different passages of hBMSCs was evaluated using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RNA interference and adeno-associated virus serotype 2-mediated gene overexpression were employed to assess the function of STAT4. RNA samples from STAT4-overexpressing hBMSCs were analyzed by RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by bioinformatics analyses to determine the pathways affected by STAT4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>STAT4 expression progressively decreases during the in vitro expansion of hBMSCs, concomitant with the loss of osteogenic differentiation potential. STAT4 knockdown in early passage hBMSCs significantly inhibits their osteogenic differentiation, evidenced by markedly reduced calcium deposition and downregulation of osteogenic markers. STAT4 knockdown also reduces hBMSCs' proliferation ability. Conversely, STAT4 overexpression notably increases calcium deposition in passage 3 to passage 7 cells, suggesting that enhanced STAT4 expression can mitigate the loss of osteogenic potential during hBMSC expansion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed DEGs in STAT4-overexpressing hBMSCs. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses indicated that some of these DEGs are involved in pathways regulating cell differentiation and senescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The in vitro expansion of hBMSCs leads to the downregulation of STAT4, which contributes to the impairment of their osteogenic potential and may affect cell self-renewability. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the loss of osteogenic differentiation during hBMSC expansion and identifies STAT4 as a potential target for hBMSC-based bone regeneration therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"27-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid Binding Peptide Regulates Extracellular Matrix Deposition and Diminishes Fibroblast Contractility.","authors":"Beth Blake, Whitney Ann Ponwith, Klaus Rischka, Martin Wiesing, Tugba Ozdemir","doi":"10.1159/000544881","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fibroblasts are central to a variety of homeostatic events such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, their pathologic activation is thought to play roles in a variety of diseases not only limited to fibrosis, foreign body reaction, scleroderma but also cancer metastasis. Biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by an activated fibroblast determine whether there is a pro-regenerative or scarring response. Compared to aged fibroblasts, embryonic fibroblasts were shown to deposit a pro-regenerative ECM characterized by early hyaluronic acid (HA) deposition and increased levels of pro-regenerative collagens such as type III collagen. Since HA is also a regulator of collagen organization, we propose that early accumulation of HA by fibroblasts can facilitate pro-regenerative matrix formation. Given that the molecular weights of HA present in pro-regenerative matrix are higher than synthetic HA, we strategize attracting HA synthesized by fibroblasts. In this study, we used a synthetic peptide sequence known to have affinity to HA as a strategy to instruct fibroblasts to retain HA on the surface. We hypothesized that hyaluronic acid binding peptide (HABP) may instruct fibroblast endogenous HA deposition onto functionalized surfaces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We functionalized silica glass surfaces with HABP using aminoorganosilane mediated chemisorption and screened primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) for cell morphology, cytoskeletal arrangement, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show HABP treated surfaces retain higher levels of HA on silica glass compared to control surfaces on fibroblast-derived matrices. Analysis of α-SMA shows increased α-SMA expression on hDFs and increased stress fiber formation. HABP treated surfaces were found to have reduced α-SMA expression. The physical features of collagen fibers deposited by fibroblasts were also organized differently in the presence of HABP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to their ability to diminish fibroblast contractility and promote regenerative ECM production, HABPs are a potentially viable strategy to instruct pro-regenerative fibroblasts and can be used therapeutically to treat fibrotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"42-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Statement.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000549820","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article \"Bathysa cuspidata Extract Modulates the Morphological Reorganization of the Scar Tissue and Accelerates Skin Wound Healing in Rats: A Time-Dependent Study\" [Cells Tissues Organs. 2015; 199(4):266-277. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365504] by Reggiani V. Gonçalves, Rômulo D. Novaes, Marli C. Cupertino, Bruna M. Araújo, Emerson F. Vilela, Aline T. Machado, João P.V. Leite and Sérgio L.P. Matta has been retracted by the Publisher and the Editors.After the publication of this article, concerns were raised about the integrity of some of the data presented. Specifically, 4 panels in Figure 5 of this article are the same as 4 panels of Figure 1 of a subsequently published article by the same author group, representing different treatment groups, with image rotation and cropping in some instances, [1]. In addition, 2 panels of Figure 5 of this article are the same as 2 panels of Figure 4 of a previously published paper by the authors, representing different treatment groups, with image rotation [2].When asked to comment, the authors responded to the above concerns and stated that these errors occurred during the formatting of the figures due to the use of previously published figures as templates during training. Editorial review concluded that the errors highlighted issues in the data management and, consequently, the conclusions based on that data may not be reliable, and therefore, this article is being retracted.The authors have not responded to our correspondence regarding this retraction despite multiple attempts of contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"81-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145942270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boundary Formation of the Human Caudal Foregut during the Early Fetal Period: Three-Dimensional Analysis Using T1-Weighted and Diffusion Tensor Images.","authors":"Toru Kanahashi, Hirohiko Imai, Hiroki Otani, Shigehito Yamada, Jörg Männer, Tetsuya Takakuwa","doi":"10.1159/000546997","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: While caudal foregut development in human fetuses has been outlined in previous research, the formation of its border region remains unclear. This study aimed to visualize the precise timeline of caudal foregut boundary formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-dimensional images of the foregut from T1-weighted scans of 24 fetuses (crown-rump length [CRL]: 34-103 mm) were analyzed to measure the wall thickness and lumen diameter at nine specific sites. The internal structure in the border region was verified using histological sections and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lower esophageal and pyloric canal walls were thicker in samples with a CRL ≥50 mm. The esophageal wall at the esophageal hiatus, where the lower esophageal sphincter is located, was particularly thick in samples with a CRL ≥88 mm. Increased wall thickness at the esophageal hiatus and pyloric canal resulted in a narrower lumen. The pyloric canal lumen narrowed from its distal to proximal sections. The lumen diameter-to-wall thickness ratio at the esophageal hiatus and proximal pyloric was negatively correlated with CRL. The thickened esophageal wall at the esophageal hiatus had a thick submucosa, and all layers in the pyloric canal thickened with growth. DTI tractography revealed that the lower esophageal wall mainly comprised longitudinal fibers, whereas the pyloric canal wall consisted solely of circular fibers, with fractional anisotropy increasing with growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive timeline of normal caudal foregut boundary formation during the early human fetal period, thereby improving the understanding of congenital foregut obstruction pathogenesis. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9717,"journal":{"name":"Cells Tissues Organs","volume":" ","pages":"100-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}