Cerebral cortex最新文献_第5页

Brain region and sex differences in human microglia morphology and function. 人小胶质细胞形态和功能的脑区和性别差异。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf120

Andrew R Yoblinski, Jyoti Dubey, Tyler Myers, Nitya Sathees, David W Volk, Kenneth N Fish, Marianne L Seney

{"title":"Brain region and sex differences in human microglia morphology and function.","authors":"Andrew R Yoblinski, Jyoti Dubey, Tyler Myers, Nitya Sathees, David W Volk, Kenneth N Fish, Marianne L Seney","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf120","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia exhibit complex and dynamic morphology that is linked to function. Altered microglia function has been implicated in multiple diseases of the brain, including elevated phagocytosis of neuronal dendritic spines in schizophrenia. However, understanding the relationship between altered microglia and pathophysiology first requires a clearer picture of microglia morphology in the non-diseased brain, which has yet to be fully established. Here, we deploy immunostaining and confocal microscopy to sample over 1,300 microglia from two prefrontal cortex (PFC) subregions in postmortem human brain (3 males, 3 females). We use Neurolucida 360 to trace the 3-dimensional structure of these microglia and quantify interactions with dendritic spines. We find that PFC microglia in male subjects display overall more complex branching than in female subjects, and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) microglia are more complexly branched with more round somas than those in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), irrespective of sex. Furthermore, a lower proportion of phagocytic burden in sgACC microglia involves engulfment of dendritic spines compared to DLPFC. Overall, our results paint a detailed and nuanced picture of microglia morphology and function in subjects unaffected by psychiatric or neurologic illness that can be used as a benchmark for future studies of the diseased brain.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive consolidation of active inference: excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms for organizing feedforward and feedback memory systems in sleep. 主动推理的适应性巩固：睡眠中组织前馈和反馈记忆系统的兴奋和抑制机制。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf122

Don M Tucker, Phan Luu, Karl J Friston

{"title":"Adaptive consolidation of active inference: excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms for organizing feedforward and feedback memory systems in sleep.","authors":"Don M Tucker, Phan Luu, Karl J Friston","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf122","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf122","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive self-organization rests on activity-dependent plasticity to extend the ontogenetic process of neural differentiation and integration of the cerebral cortex in each act of cognition. This account of neurocognitive growth can be formulated in terms of active inference and learning. The organism regulates synaptic connectivity as it seeks its goals actively, through excitatory, feedforward expectancies that manifest its species-specific affordances. These adaptive expectancies are modified reactively, through inhibitory feedback error-correction to fit and predict environmental encounters. Although adaptive behavior, and concomitant synaptic plasticity, occur during waking, the synaptic architecture requires ongoing consolidation and refinement during sleep. We propose that memory consolidation during sleep is a continuation of the neurodevelopmental process that proceeds through a kind of inversion of waking active inference: NREM sleep first refines the brain's representations of new, unpredicted experiences during waking, implementing inhibitory mechanisms of long-term depression that both differentiate and stabilize new representations for consolidation. REM sleep then updates the organism's generative world model in light of this new learning through excitatory long-term potentiation of synaptic plasticity. REM thereby reconsolidates and integrates the organism's adaptive, feedforward predictions, the Bayesian priors for effective coping.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral, cellular, and molecular changes in two animal models of bipolar disorder mania: sleep deprivation-induced mice and Clock-mutant mice. 两种动物模型双相情感障碍躁狂症的行为、细胞和分子变化：睡眠剥夺诱导小鼠和时钟突变小鼠。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf090

Rong-Jun Ni, Yi-Yan Wang, Yu-Mian Shu, Ying-Ying Wei, Jin-Xue Wei, Lian-Sheng Zhao, Xiao-Hong Ma

{"title":"Behavioral, cellular, and molecular changes in two animal models of bipolar disorder mania: sleep deprivation-induced mice and Clock-mutant mice.","authors":"Rong-Jun Ni, Yi-Yan Wang, Yu-Mian Shu, Ying-Ying Wei, Jin-Xue Wei, Lian-Sheng Zhao, Xiao-Hong Ma","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf090","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep disturbances are prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) gene plays a significant role in this process. The role of microglia (the brain-resident immune cells) in mediating this process remains uncertain. In this study, our findings showed that sleep loss induces mania-like behavior, microglial loss, and time-dependent gene expression changes. Moreover, diurnal oscillations in circadian rhythm-associated and inflammation-related gene expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC) were altered following sleep deprivation (SD). Further correlative analysis revealed correlations in gene expression between marker genes for microglia and Clock genes. In addition, the Clock mutation induces mania-like behavior, inhibition of neural activity, and microglial loss. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant alterations in inflammatory pathways, circadian rhythm-related pathways, and the major histocompatibility protein complex in ClockΔ19 mice. Subsequent correlative analysis demonstrated significant correlations in gene expression among inflammation-, circadian rhythm-, and synapse-related genes within the PFC and hypothalamus of both male and female ClockΔ19 mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated behavioral, cellular, and molecular changes in SD-induced mice and Clock-mutant mice models. Microglia and CLOCK were associated with mania-like behaviors. Future research will likely focus on microglia-targeted approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of BD.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hippocampal and prefrontal GABA and glutamate concentration contribute to component processes of working memory in aging. 海马和前额叶GABA和谷氨酸浓度参与衰老过程中工作记忆的组成过程。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf105

Pernilla Andersson, Xin Li, Jonas Persson

{"title":"Hippocampal and prefrontal GABA and glutamate concentration contribute to component processes of working memory in aging.","authors":"Pernilla Andersson, Xin Li, Jonas Persson","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf105","url":null,"abstract":"Both animal and human studies indicate that individual variation in the neurometabolites gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate is linked to cognitive function. Age-related differences in these neurometabolites could potentially explain lower cognitive ability in older age. Working memory-the capacity to hold a limited amount of information online for a short period-has a central role in cognition, and this ability is also impaired in older individuals. Here, we investigated the relationship between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA+) levels and a composite measure of glutamate/glutamine (Glx) in the hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and how these neurochemical markers relate to working memory in younger and older adults. Across age groups, we found a significant positive association between working memory accuracy and Glx in the IFG, as well as a significant negative association between GABA+ in this region and proactive interference. Age-stratified analyses demonstrated significant positive associations between components of working memory and hippocampal/IFG Glx, as well as a significant negative association between IFG GABA+ and proactive interference in older adults only. These results provide novel evidence for a specific involvement of excitatory Glx and working memory accuracy as well as inhibitory GABA+ for control of proactive interference in working memory, and how these effects are differentially affected by age.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subcortical nuclei of the human ascending arousal system encode anticipated reward but do not predict subsequent memory. 人类上升唤醒系统的皮层下核编码预期的奖励，但不预测随后的记忆。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf101

Beth Lloyd, Steven Miletić, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Scott Isherwood, Desmond H Y Tse, Asta K Håberg, Birte Forstmann, Sander Nieuwenhuis

{"title":"Subcortical nuclei of the human ascending arousal system encode anticipated reward but do not predict subsequent memory.","authors":"Beth Lloyd, Steven Miletić, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Scott Isherwood, Desmond H Y Tse, Asta K Håberg, Birte Forstmann, Sander Nieuwenhuis","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf101","url":null,"abstract":"Subcortical nuclei of the ascending arousal system (AAS) play an important role in regulating brain and cognition. However, functional MRI (fMRI) of these nuclei in humans involves unique challenges due to their size and location deep within the brain. Here, we used ultra-high-field MRI and other methodological advances to investigate the activity of 6 subcortical nuclei during reward anticipation and memory encoding: the locus coeruleus (LC), basal forebrain, median and dorsal raphe nuclei, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. Participants performed a monetary incentive delay task, which successfully induced a state of reward anticipation, and a 24-h delayed surprise memory test. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that activity in all subcortical nuclei increased in anticipation of potential rewards as opposed to neutral outcomes. In contrast, activity in none of the nuclei predicted memory performance 24 h later. These findings provide new insights into the cognitive functions that are supported by the human AAS.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeated application of bifocal transcranial alternating current stimulation improves network connectivity but not response inhibition: a double-blind sham control study. 反复应用双焦点经颅交流电刺激改善网络连接，但没有反应抑制：一项双盲假对照研究。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf110

Hakuei Fujiyama, Vanessa K Bowden, Alexander D Tang, Jane Tan, Elisha Librizzi, Shayne Loft

{"title":"Repeated application of bifocal transcranial alternating current stimulation improves network connectivity but not response inhibition: a double-blind sham control study.","authors":"Hakuei Fujiyama, Vanessa K Bowden, Alexander D Tang, Jane Tan, Elisha Librizzi, Shayne Loft","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf110","url":null,"abstract":"Mounting evidence suggests that transcranial alternating current stimulation can enhance response inhibition, a cognitive process crucial for sustained effort and decision-making. However, most studies have focused on within-session effects, with limited investigation into the effects of repeated applications, which are crucial for clinical applications. We examined the effects of repeated bifocal transcranial alternating current stimulation targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus and pre-supplementary motor area on response inhibition, functional connectivity, and simulated driving performance. Thirty young adults (18-35 yr) received either a sham or transcranial alternating current stimulation (20 Hz, 20 min) across 5 sessions over 2 wk. Resting-state electroencephalography assessed functional connectivity between the pre-supplementary motor area and right inferior frontal gyrus at baseline, the final transcranial alternating current stimulation session, and the 7-d follow-up. Response inhibition was measured using a stop-signal task, and driving performance was assessed before and after the intervention. The results showed significant improvements in functional connectivity in the transcranial alternating current stimulation group between sessions, though response inhibition and driving braking performance remained unchanged. However, while not the targeted behavior, general driving performance potentially improved following bifocal transcranial alternating current stimulation, with participants maintaining stable driving behavior alongside increased spare attentional capacity. These findings suggest that repeated bifocal transcranial alternating current stimulation may enhance cortical connectivity and related cognitive-motor processes, supporting its potential for clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual cortical networks for "What" and "Where" to the human hippocampus revealed with dynamical graphs. 用动态图形揭示了人类海马的“什么”和“在哪里”的视觉皮层网络。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf106

Edmund T Rolls, Tatyana S Turova

{"title":"Visual cortical networks for \"What\" and \"Where\" to the human hippocampus revealed with dynamical graphs.","authors":"Edmund T Rolls, Tatyana S Turova","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf106","url":null,"abstract":"Key questions for understanding hippocampal function in memory and navigation in humans are the type and source of visual information that reaches the human hippocampus. We measured bidirectional pairwise effective connectivity with functional magnetic resonance imaging between 360 cortical regions while 956 Human Connectome Project participants viewed scenes, faces, tools, or body parts. We developed a method using deterministic dynamical graphs to define whole cortical networks and the flow in both directions between their cortical regions over timesteps after signal is applied to V1. We revealed that a ventromedial cortical visual \"Where\" network from V1 via the retrosplenial and medial parahippocampal scene areas reaches the hippocampus when scenes are viewed. A ventrolateral \"What\" visual cortical network reaches the hippocampus from V1 via V2-V4, the fusiform face cortex, and lateral parahippocampal region TF when faces/objects are viewed. There are major implications for understanding the computations of the human vs rodent hippocampus in memory and navigation: primates with their fovea and highly developed cortical visual processing networks process information about the location of faces, objects, and landmarks in viewed scenes, whereas in rodents the representations in the hippocampal system are mainly about the place where the individual is located and self-motion between places.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Odorant representations indicate nonlinear processing across the olfactory system. 气味表征表明整个嗅觉系统的非线性处理。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf112

Jesús Olivares, Patricio Orio, Viktor Sadílek, Oliver Schmachtenberg, Andrés Canales-Johnson

{"title":"Odorant representations indicate nonlinear processing across the olfactory system.","authors":"Jesús Olivares, Patricio Orio, Viktor Sadílek, Oliver Schmachtenberg, Andrés Canales-Johnson","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf112","url":null,"abstract":"The olfactory system comprises intricate networks of interconnected brain regions that process information across both the local and long-range circuits to extract odorant identity. Similar to pattern recognition in other sensory domains, such as the visual system, recognizing odorant identity likely depends on highly nonlinear interactions between these recurrently connected nodes. In this study, we investigate whether odorant identity can be distinguished through nonlinear interactions in the local field potentials of the olfactory bulb and telencephalic regions (the ventral nucleus of the ventral telencephalon and the dorsal posterior zone of the telencephalon) in anesthetized rainbow trout. Our results show that odorant identity modulates complex information-theoretic measures, specifically information sharing and redundancy across these brain areas, indicating nonlinear processing. In contrast, traditional linear connectivity measures, such as coherence and phase synchrony, showed little or no significant modulation by odorants. These findings suggest that nonlinear interactions encoded by olfactory oscillations carry crucial odor information across the teleost olfactory system, offering insights into the broader role of nonlinear dynamics in sensory processing.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The connected learning brain. 连接学习的大脑。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf123

Sofia Fregni, Uta Wolfensteller, Hannes Ruge

{"title":"The connected learning brain.","authors":"Sofia Fregni, Uta Wolfensteller, Hannes Ruge","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper extends a recent study on the neural mechanisms underlying initial learning through instruction, trial-and-error, and observation of stimulus-response associations. Adopting a network perspective, we examine the functional connectivity patterns during the early stages of learning, demonstrating that the brain undergoes extensive network reorganization, regardless of the acquisition method. Our findings reveal a general segregation of task-positive networks from the default mode network, which is paralleled by and may facilitate the integration within and between task-positive networks. This segregation-integration pattern likely reflects a balance between internal and external task-related processes, modulated by learning progression and task difficulty across different acquisition modes. Differences between learning conditions, as well as brain connectivity-behavior associations between rule learning and rule implementation, point to varying cognitive demands: more efficient learning in instruction-based learning, inhibitory processes in observation-based learning, and the integration of reward, valence, and somatomotor processes in trial-and-error learning. We conclude that while extensive neural reorganization occurs during the initial learning trials, irrespective of response implementation or acquisition mode, this reorganization also exhibits distinct features that support the unique demands of each learning method.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intensive task-switching training and single-task training differentially affect behavioral and neural manifestations of cognitive control in children. 强化任务转换训练和单任务训练对儿童认知控制的行为和神经表现有不同的影响。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf103

Sina A Schwarze, Corinna Laube, Neda Khosravani, Ulman Lindenberger, Silvia A Bunge, Yana Fandakova

{"title":"Intensive task-switching training and single-task training differentially affect behavioral and neural manifestations of cognitive control in children.","authors":"Sina A Schwarze, Corinna Laube, Neda Khosravani, Ulman Lindenberger, Silvia A Bunge, Yana Fandakova","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf103","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to flexibly switch between tasks develops during childhood. Children's task-switching performance improves with practice, but the underlying processes remain unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how 9 weeks of task-switching training affect performance and task-related activation and functional connectivity. Children (8-11 years) were assigned to one of three groups: intensive task switching (SW; n = 72), intensive single tasking (SI; n = 74), and passive control (n = 41). While mixing costs decreased in both training groups initially, only the SW group maintained these training-related improvements at the end of training. Activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreased with training, but again only the SW group maintained these activation decreases at the end of training. Condition-specific connectivity increases with task switching became less pronounced with training, especially in the SI group. Lower costs of task switching along with decreased task-related activations suggest increased processing efficiency in frontoparietal regions with training. Intensive task-switching training was associated with sustained changes, possibly facilitated by a greater mismatch between processing supplies and environmental demands. Our findings suggest that experience-dependent changes with intensive task-switching training do not mirror maturational processes but rather facilitate performance via more efficient task processing.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0