Cerebral cortex最新文献_第5页

Adaptations to perturbation-based balance training with tDCS. tDCS对基于扰动的平衡训练的适应性。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag158

Ömer Burak Tor, Michael A Nitsche, Edmund Wascher, Nevin A Guzel, Charles S Layne

{"title":"Adaptations to perturbation-based balance training with tDCS.","authors":"Ömer Burak Tor, Michael A Nitsche, Edmund Wascher, Nevin A Guzel, Charles S Layne","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag158","url":null,"abstract":"Perturbation-based balance training (PBT) is a promising approach for improving reactive balance skills, but the role of the primary motor cortex (M1) remains unclear. This study investigated the role of M1 in short-term PBT combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Thirty-four healthy participants completed a three-session PBT involving surface translations, with anodal, sham, or no-tDCS delivered centered over M1. Electromyography of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles, along with center of mass (COM) kinematics, were analyzed across long-latency responses (LLR1/LLR2 (reactive phase) and LLR3 (voluntary phase)). Balance improved across all groups, indicated by enhanced COM displacements in backward perturbations and increased COM velocity in LLR3 in forward perturbations. Only the anodal tDCS group showed reduced COM velocity in LLR2 in forward perturbations, heightened LLR1 activity, and decreased onset latency in the tibialis anterior muscle. The different indices of improved performance in forward and backward perturbations likely stem from direction-specific limits of stability. In forward perturbations, reduced reactive COM velocity may reflect stimulation-related improvement, while increased voluntary velocity implies training-only effects. Our findings suggest that tDCS centered over M1 may improve postural recovery by modulating neuromuscular activity, consistent with a contribution of cortical-subcortical communication to reactive balance control.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leading the way: collicular contributions to blindsight. 引领潮流：对盲视的共同贡献。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag141

Melvyn A Goodale, Brian D Corneil

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal white-matter development across early childhood. 儿童早期白质的时空发育。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag132

Mervyn Singh, Dennis Dimond, Deborah Dewey, Catherine Lebel, Signe Bray

{"title":"Spatiotemporal white-matter development across early childhood.","authors":"Mervyn Singh, Dennis Dimond, Deborah Dewey, Catherine Lebel, Signe Bray","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag132","url":null,"abstract":"Early childhood development is scaffolded by rapid maturation of brain white matter structure, believed to support the emergence of cognitive and socioemotional functions. Previous whole-tract studies have suggested patterns of white matter development occurring along posterior-anterior, deep-superficial, and inferior-superior axes. However, these have largely been cross-sectional and employed nonspecific metrics of white matter organization. Using longitudinal diffusion imaging data from 133 children (4 to 8 years; 76 females), the present work characterizes along-tract patterns of white matter development across association, commissural, and projection bundles using fixel-based analysis. Within long range association bundles, faster age-related changes were observed for segments adjacent to the visual cortices relative to segments located near association regions, supporting a sensorimotor-association axis of brain development. An inferior-superior pattern was found for projection tracts, with faster age-effects observed for segments near the brainstem. Lastly, while several association and commissural bundles exhibited faster maturation within central segments; indicative of a deep-superficial axis, effects were mixed between micro- and macrostructure, underscoring the unique developmental timing of these different fiber properties. Our findings provide evidence that within-tract white matter maturation unfolds along key spatiotemporal axes, and suggests that increased spatial precision can advance our understanding of early childhood brain development.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Look before you leap? Grasping blindsight. 三思而后行？掌握盲视。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag151

Marina A Pavlova

引用次数: 0

Attenuated age-related target and action stabilization in dyscalculia. 计算障碍中与年龄相关的目标和动作稳定性减弱。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag140

Qinfen Zhang, Huilian Guo, Wei Zhang, Yuhao Wang, Rui Wang

{"title":"Attenuated age-related target and action stabilization in dyscalculia.","authors":"Qinfen Zhang, Huilian Guo, Wei Zhang, Yuhao Wang, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag140","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag140","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible action requires recent context to shape the meaning of a current target. We examined whether this process shows an atypical age-related pattern in children with developmental dyscalculia (DD). Target-locked electroencephalography was available from 143 children aged 6 to 11 years, of whom 111 met the trial criterion for the primary four-condition analysis. Time-resolved multivariate analyses separated cue, target, and context-dependent action information. Cue information was present in both DD and typically developing (TD) children and generalized across target categories from 114 to 644 ms (cluster P < 0.001). Target and action representations showed diagnosis-by-age interactions from 224 to 414 ms (cluster P = 0.002) and from 264 to 404 ms (cluster P = 0.004), respectively. Action-representation strength increased with age in TD children, and the directional stability of both target and action representations also increased with age in TD but not DD. The association between action-representation strength and signal-detection sensitivity was stronger in DD than in TD children (diagnosis × action: β = 0.647, SE = 0.152, P < 0.001). These findings suggest attenuated age-related strengthening and stabilization of target- and action-related neural representations in this DD cohort rather than a broad loss of cue information.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mu or alpha? Source decomposition for social perception analysis. 还是？社会感知分析的源分解。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag136

Ekaterina Karimova, Diana Smolskaia

{"title":"Mu or alpha? Source decomposition for social perception analysis.","authors":"Ekaterina Karimova, Diana Smolskaia","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag136","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag136","url":null,"abstract":"The sensorimotor mu rhythm is widely used as an electroencephalography (EEG) marker of mirror neuron system activity during action and emotion perception. However, its frequency overlap with occipital-parietal alpha raises concerns that sensor-level measurements over central electrodes may be contaminated by visual alpha activity. Here, we directly compared conventional sensor-level analyses with independent component analysis (ICA)-based source separation to examine how methodological choices affect interpretations of mu dynamics during emotional face perception. Thirty-three participants viewed static and dynamic facial expressions (smile, smirk) and nonsocial control stimuli while EEG was recorded. Time-frequency dynamics were analyzed using both conventional sensor-level measures at central and parietal electrodes and ICA mu and alpha sources. Cluster-based permutation statistics were applied to assess condition effects. Sensor-level analyses showed similar dynamics in central and parietal electrodes, with robust desynchronization patterns consistent with visual alpha modulation. In contrast, ICA revealed 2 functionally distinct components: an alpha source showing desynchronization and a sensorimotor mu component showing synchronization across most conditions. The mu component demonstrated minimal sensitivity to stimulus category. These results demonstrate that conventional sensor-level analyses do not provide a selective measure of mu activity and that prior reports of mu suppression to emotional faces may reflect alpha contamination. HighlightsConventional central-electrode electroencephalography analyses confound sensorimotor mu with visual alpha activity.Independent component analysis reveals distinct mu and alpha sources with opposite spectral dynamics during face perception.Mu rhythm shows synchronization and limited sensitivity to facial emotion stimuli during passive viewing.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blindsight or weirdsight? 盲视还是怪视？

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag144

Axel Cleeremans, Morten Overgaard

引用次数: 0

Psychophysics and blindsight: the devil is in the detail. 心理物理学与盲视：细节决定成败。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag149

Paul Azzopardi

引用次数: 0

Lateral occipitotemporal cortex, extrastriate body area, and the somatic prior: disentangling feature and function. 外侧枕颞皮质、体外区和躯体先验：解缠特征和功能。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag127

Beatrice de Gelder

引用次数: 0

When emotion modulates phonological encoding in speech production: age-related differences in neural dynamics. 当情绪调节语音产生中的语音编码：神经动力学的年龄相关差异。

IF 3 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhag126

Yuanyuan Fang, Ruiying Zhao, Qingfang Zhang

{"title":"When emotion modulates phonological encoding in speech production: age-related differences in neural dynamics.","authors":"Yuanyuan Fang, Ruiying Zhao, Qingfang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag126","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how the emotional valence of distractor words influences age-related differences in phonological encoding, using the picture-word interference paradigm combined with event-related potential (ERP) technology. Behaviorally, younger adults showed a phonological facilitation effect, whereas older adults did not, implying an age-related decline in phonological encoding. Moreover, the influence of distractor word valence on phonological facilitation varied across age groups. In younger adults, facilitation emerged for positive distractor words, while in older adults, it appeared for negative distractor words. Critically, ERP results revealed that in younger adults, phonological effects occurred between 482 and 608 ms, with positive distractors eliciting effects within 436 to 606 ms, each marked by larger positive amplitudes in phonologically related conditions. In contrast, older adults exhibited 2 distinct time windows for negative distractor words (310 to 508 and 618 to 784 ms), both characterized by larger positive amplitudes in phonologically unrelated conditions. These findings indicate that emotional distractors differentially modulate the time course of phonological processing in younger and older adults, highlighting the importance of considering both cognitive aging and emotional context in understanding the dynamics of spoken word production.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0