Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf176
Negin Gholamipourbarogh, Astrid Prochnow, Christian Beste
{"title":"Validating conceptions on the role of theta and alpha band activity during the management perception-action associations through EEG-tensor decomposition.","authors":"Negin Gholamipourbarogh, Astrid Prochnow, Christian Beste","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhibitory control and perception-action integration are fundamental components of executive function, supported by distinct neural mechanisms. This study investigates the roles of theta and alpha oscillations in these processes during a Go/Nogo task, with a sample size of 73 healthy participants, using a novel application of non-negative tensor decomposition. The Non-negative CANDECOMP/PARAFAC algorithm was applied to multi-dimensional EEG data to preserve critical spatial, temporal, and spectral information. Results revealed that mid-frontal theta band activity is strongly associated with the reconfiguration of perception-action associations, particularly during overlapping Nogo trials, where cognitive demands are heightened. Alpha band activity, while less prominent, was also detected, indicating its involvement in top-down inhibitory control during conditions requiring less cognitive reconfiguration. These findings suggest complementary roles for theta and alpha oscillations, with theta playing a dominant role in managing perception-action associations. Tensor decomposition provides an effective means to capture complex neural signatures, offering deeper insights into the oscillatory dynamics that underlie cognitive control processes. This method may improve our understanding of EEG data and validate previous findings on neurophysiological functions in cognitive neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf124
Yuanyuan Gao, Rihui Li, Qianheng Ma, Kristi L Bartholomay, Amy A Lightbody, Allan L Reiss
{"title":"Aberrant neural activation during inhibitory control in girls with fragile X syndrome.","authors":"Yuanyuan Gao, Rihui Li, Qianheng Ma, Kristi L Bartholomay, Amy A Lightbody, Allan L Reiss","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic condition associated with risk for deficits in executive function, especially response inhibition. Under a clinical setting, this study employs a mobile neuroimaging technique, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to examine differences in inhibition-elicited neural activation between girls with FXS and a control group matched for age, cognitive function, and clinical symptoms. fNIRS data were collected from 42 girls with FXS and 31 controls during a go/nogo task, with valid data available from 35 and 30 respectively. Relative to the control group, girls with FXS showed higher brain activation (NoGo>Go) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), angular gyrus, precentral gyrus, and left frontal pole, and lower activation in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal pole, precentral cortex, middle temporal cortex, parietal lobe, and left superior temporal cortex. A significant positive correlation was found between DLPFC activation and response inhibition deficits in girls with FXS. Girls with FXS show abnormal neural activation in response to inhibitory stimulus. Aberrant neural activation in DLPFC in girls with FXS is associated with executive function deficits. fNIRS is established to allow participants to engage in a task in relatively more \"real world\" conditions compared to the scanner environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf205
{"title":"Correction to: Large-scale parameters framework with large convolutional kernel for encoding visual fMRI activity information.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf182
Qi Sun, Shuming Zhong, Tongtong Li, Ziyang Zhao, Shunkai Lai, Yiliang Zhang, Pan Chen, Ying Wang, Yanbin Jia, Zhijun Yao, Bin Hu
{"title":"Subgraph entropy based network approaches for classifying bipolar disorder from resting-state magnetoencephalography.","authors":"Qi Sun, Shuming Zhong, Tongtong Li, Ziyang Zhao, Shunkai Lai, Yiliang Zhang, Pan Chen, Ying Wang, Yanbin Jia, Zhijun Yao, Bin Hu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, bipolar disorder diagnosis is primarily based on clinical interviews. Magnetoencephalography signals reflect changes in the brain's magnetic field induced by neuronal activity. As a result, the combination of magnetoencephalography and network science holds great promise for identifying bipolar disorder biomarkers. However, the existing methods remain limited in capturing the complexity of nodes and their connections within resting-state brain networks, making it difficult to fully reveal underlying pathological mechanisms. In this work, we measured the uncertainty associated with a subgraph, an information-theoretic metric called \"subgraph entropy,\" and used it to identify individuals with bipolar disorder. This method enabled a more accurate characterization of brain network complexity, facilitating the identification of regions closely associated with disease states. The results showed that subgraph entropy features significantly contributed to the classification of bipolar disorder, particularly within the beta frequency band. In addition, two special forms of subgraph entropy, namely node entropy and edge entropy, were examined to identify important brain regions and functional connectivity in bipolar disorder patients across multiple frequency bands. Notably, in the beta frequency band, the method based on edge entropy achieved 0.8462 accuracy, 0.7308 specificity, and 0.9231 sensitivity through leave-one-out cross-validation, effectively distinguishing individuals with bipolar disorder from healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf174
Chunhui Wang, Gaoao Liu, Zefan Jing, Luyao Yin, Xinrun Wang, Lin Hou, Bin Yin, Boqin Qiang, Pengcheng Shu, Xiaozhong Peng
{"title":"Exploring the sublayer formation process in layer V of the neocortex through two newly identified molecular markers.","authors":"Chunhui Wang, Gaoao Liu, Zefan Jing, Luyao Yin, Xinrun Wang, Lin Hou, Bin Yin, Boqin Qiang, Pengcheng Shu, Xiaozhong Peng","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The precisely organized six-layered architecture of the mammalian neocortex containing diverse types of neurons arises from tightly orchestrated developmental programs. Notably, layer V comprises two principal subtypes of excitatory pyramidal neurons distinguished by their axonal projection targets and stratifies into anatomically distinct sublayers: layer Va and layer Vb. Nevertheless, the mechanisms orchestrating neuronal diversification and their defining molecular markers have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we identified two novel molecular markers, Pcp4 (Purkinje cell protein 4, also known as Pep19) and FoxO1 (Forkhead box protein O1), which help define layer Va, characterized by FoxO1+ and Satb2+ neurons; and layer Vb, characterized by Pcp4+ and Ctip2+ neurons, and delineate two functionally discrete subpopulations of layer V projection neurons during late differentiation stages. Meanwhile, our findings were validated in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We then employed two Dicer conditional knockout mouse models and found that microRNA (miRNA) deficiency leads to cortical sublayer disorganization and loss of Pcp4 and FoxO1 expression, demonstrating the essential role of miRNAs in neuronal subtype specification. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the diversification of layer V neuronal subtypes and their developmental trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf164
Eleonora Baliviera, Mattia Rosso, Bart Moens, Marie Poncelet, Mario Manto, Pierre Cabaraux, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Marc Leman, Peter Feys, Lousin Moumdjian
{"title":"Neural and behavioral entrainment to auditory rhythmic perturbations in persons with cerebellar impairment.","authors":"Eleonora Baliviera, Mattia Rosso, Bart Moens, Marie Poncelet, Mario Manto, Pierre Cabaraux, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Marc Leman, Peter Feys, Lousin Moumdjian","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum plays a key role in temporal processing, as demonstrated by sensorimotor synchronization paradigms. This study extends findings by investigating behavioral and neural adaptation to unpredictable auditory perturbations. Sixteen persons with cerebellar impairment and sixteen healthy controls performed a listening (60 seconds) and a finger-tapping task (465 seconds) to a metronome set at 1.67 Hz: the first 60 seconds were without perturbations, followed by 40 perturbations (±10% period changes). Event-related frequency adjustments (ERFA) were derived from finger-tapping and electroencephalography recordings, yielding 3 event-related frequency adjustments: one behavioral and two neural (perceptual and sensorimotor components). Mean behavioral adaptation to the perturbations was similar in both groups (P < 0.001). Neural tracking was evident in the sensorimotor component but not in the perceptual component in both groups, for both positive (P = 0.005) and negative (P = 0.003) directions. Neural tracking was significantly reduced in persons with cerebellar impairment compared to healthy controls, particularly in response to negative perturbation in the sensorimotor component (P = 0.02). Persons with cerebellar impairment demonstrates spared yet dissociative adaptation with intact behavioral yet hindered neural dynamics. The results suggest parallel yet distinct mechanisms for processing covert and overt responses underlying sensorimotor adaptation. Findings indicate a potential use of spared behavioral adaptation mechanisms in the rehabilitation of persons with cerebellar impairment through rhythm-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf142
Liang Li, Yujie Zhang, Benjamin Becker, Hong Li
{"title":"State shyness enhances recruitment of social processing regions while reducing communication of prefrontal regulatory regions.","authors":"Liang Li, Yujie Zhang, Benjamin Becker, Hong Li","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>State shyness is characterized by a swift and intense emotional response to social stressors, playing a crucial role in shaping the dynamic neural processes in social interactions. However, its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Using a novel shyness-induction paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain activation and connectivity patterns associated with state shyness in 41 healthy adults (25 females; Mage = 21.41 ± 2.56). State shyness elicited increased activity in social processing regions, including the bilateral superior temporal, left middle temporal, and medial superior frontal regions. On the network level state shyness decreased connectivity within a regulatory frontal network encompassing dorsomedial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, superior, and inferior frontal systems. No effect on amygdala activation or connectivity was observed. These findings highlight distinct neural correlates of state shyness, emphasizing its reliance on prefrontal and temporal regions for immediate emotion regulation and social cognitive control. Moreover, the results differentiate state shyness from trait shyness, with the latter more closely linked to sustained interactions between the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, especially the amygdala. By elucidating the neural underpinnings of state shyness, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the situational and transient nature of shy responses in dynamic social contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuromodulatory influences on propagation of traveling waves along the unimodal-transmodal gradient.","authors":"Verónica Mäki-Marttunen, Sander Tjalling Nieuwenhuis","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf183","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the factors underlying brain activity fluctuation is important to understand the flexible nature of the brain and cognition. Growing evidence indicates that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity travels as waves around global signal peaks following a unimodal-transmodal gradient. This may explain the organization of brain activity into functional networks, but why the strength of integration between networks fluctuates is uncertain. Given that arousal-related neuromodulatory systems affect network integration and that traveling waves are modulated by arousal, we aimed to assess the hypothesis that an increase in neuromodulatory tone can affect network integration by modulating the speed of propagation of traveling waves. We tested this hypothesis using pharmacological fMRI/pupil measurements during rest and tasks. Atomoxetine, which increases extracellular catecholamine levels, was associated with faster traveling waves, and faster traveling waves correlated with more network integration. We also examined temporal variations in pupil size, a signature of transient changes in neuromodulatory activity, and found that the periods of traveling waves were characterized by larger pupil size. Our results suggest that neuromodulatory tone affects traveling wave propagation, and that this arousal-modulated propagation shapes integrated functional connectivity features, highlighting specific effects of prolonged and transient neuromodulatory influences on slow brain dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12262121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf152
Ailian Wang, Chenchen Lin, Wenhao Mao, Jia Jin
{"title":"More generosity, less inequity aversion? Neural correlates of fairness perception under social distance and of its relation to generosity.","authors":"Ailian Wang, Chenchen Lin, Wenhao Mao, Jia Jin","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans instinctively react negatively to inequity, while generosity counters this tendency. Previous studies show that both fairness perception and generosity involve balancing behaviors and motivations in social interactions. However, their relationship remains underexplored, limiting our understanding of the complex psychological processes underlying social behavior. Using a social discounting task, we assessed individual generosity, while an Ultimatum Game task with concurrent electroencephalogram recording allowed us to quantify inequity aversion and fairness perception by manipulating social distance and inequity levels. We found that both generosity and fairness perception decrease with increasing social distance, whereas inequity aversion increases. Modeling the decay of generosity across social distances, we found that decayed generosity was positively associated with inequity aversion in the friend condition and negatively correlated with the attenuation of fairness perception. These results suggest that the decay of generosity with social distance is linked to reduced sensitivity to inequity toward friends and heightened neural differences in fairness perception across social relationships. Our study provides electrophysiological evidence of individual variability in generosity and inequity aversion influenced by social distance, expanding inequity aversion theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf188
Jennifer N Burns, Aaron K Jenkins, RuoFei Yin, Wei Zong, Lauren M DePoy, Kaitlyn A Petersen, Mariya Kaminsky, Chelsea A Vadnie, Madeline R Scott, George C Tseng, Yanhua H Huang, Colleen A McClung
{"title":"Molecular and cellular rhythms in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Jennifer N Burns, Aaron K Jenkins, RuoFei Yin, Wei Zong, Lauren M DePoy, Kaitlyn A Petersen, Mariya Kaminsky, Chelsea A Vadnie, Madeline R Scott, George C Tseng, Yanhua H Huang, Colleen A McClung","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf188","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While previous studies have found rhythms in gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the contribution of different cell types and potential variation by sex has not been determined. Of interest are excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, as the interaction between these cells is thought to underlie gamma oscillations and play a role in schizophrenia. We identify cell-type-specific rhythms in ribosome-associated transcripts from PV and pyramidal cells in the mouse PFC and assess rhythms in PV cell electrophysiology. We find that while core molecular clock genes are synchronized between cell types, pyramidal cells have nearly twice as many rhythmic transcripts as PV cells (35% vs. 18%). Moreover, in contrast to PV cells, rhythmic transcripts in pyramidal cells show substantial overlap between sexes. Additionally, there is a sex-specific reduction in action potential amplitude and spike frequency adaptation during the dark phase in PV cells from females. This study demonstrates that rhythms in gene expression and electrophysiological properties in the PFC vary by cell type and by sex. Moreover, the biological processes associated with rhythmic transcripts may provide insight into the unique functions of rhythms in these cells, as well as their selective vulnerabilities to circadian disruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12276627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}