Cerebral cortex最新文献

{"title":"Association of core brain networks with antipsychotic therapeutic effects in first-episode schizophrenia.","authors":"Yuling Luo, Tianyuan Zhu, Yu Zhang, Jiamin Fan, Xiaojun Zuo, Xiaorong Feng, Jinnan Gong, Dezhong Yao, Jijun Wang, Cheng Luo","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of antipsychotic treatment will be of great value for precision medicine in schizophrenia, yet there has been limited progress. We combined static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) analysis to examine the abnormal communications among core brain networks [default-mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), primary network (PN), and subcortical network (SCN) in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia (responders and nonresponders to antipsychotic monotherapy). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 79 first-episode schizophrenia and 90 healthy controls. All patients received antipsychotic monotherapy for up to 12 weeks and underwent a second scan. We found that significantly reduced static FC in CEN-DMN/SN and SN-SCN were observed in nonresponders after treatment, whereas almost no difference was observed in responders. The nonresponders showed significantly higher dynamic FC in PN-DMN/SN than responders at baseline. Further, the baseline FC in core brain networks were treated as moderators involved in symptom relief and distinguished response subtypes with high classification accuracy. Collectively, the current work highlights the potential of communications among five core brain networks in searching biomarkers of antipsychotic monotherapy response and neuroanatomical subtypes, advancing the understanding of antipsychotic treatment mechanisms in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-trial characterization of frontal theta and parietal alpha oscillatory episodes during spatial navigation in humans.","authors":"Mireia Torralba-Cuello, Angela Marti-Marca, Márta Szabina Pápai, Salvador Soto-Faraco","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theoretical proposals and empirical findings both highlight the relevance of theta brain oscillations in human spatial navigation. However, whilst the general assumption is that the relevant theta band activity is purely oscillatory, most empirical studies fail to disentangle oscillatory episodes from wide band activity. In addition, experimental approaches often rely on averaged activity across trials and subjects, disregarding moment-to-moment fluctuations in theta activity, contingent on key aspects of the task. Here, we used novel oscillation detection approaches to investigate the dynamics of theta and alpha episodes in human subjects performing a spatial navigation task in a virtual reality environment, resolved at single-trial level. The results suggest that bouts of frontal theta oscillatory activity are related to task difficulty and access to previously encoded information, across different timescales. Parietal alpha episodes, instead, seem to anticipate successful navigational decisions and could be related to shifts in internal attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in information segregation and integration of aMCI based on low- and high-order functional connectivity.","authors":"Rui Su, Haibo Yang, Yina Zhao, Chenru Hao, Pengxiang Du, Ping Xie, Yi Yuan, Xin Li","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain functional networks have studied amnestic mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. However, the abnormal patterns of amnestic mild cognitive impairment brain networks based on electroencephalography have not yet been resolved. In this study, a new method, the genuine low-order functional connectivity and high-order functional connection, integrates multilayer network information and dynamic network theory to analyze the characteristics of amnestic mild cognitive impairment function coupling. Meanwhile, the assessment framework combined dynamic brain functional networks and multidimensional metrics to diagnose amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Using the new method, this paper analyzed 28 amnestic mild cognitive impairment cases and 21 normal controls from clinical electroencephalography data. The results indicate that, except for the delta band, the connection strength of different amnestic mild cognitive impairment networks is lower than that of normal controls. The alpha and beta bands normal control's network metric greater than amnestic mild cognitive impairment showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the significant difference in state entropy between the amnestic mild cognitive impairment and normal controls disappeared in the delta band of the 10 s window and the beta band of the 2 s window in the dynamic high-order functional connection. The amnestic mild cognitive impairment brain functional network exhibits abnormal features. Meanwhile, the alpha and beta bands could be sensitive to diagnose amnestic mild cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency oscillations in autism spectrum disorder: are they related to clinical severity?","authors":"Burçin Şanlidağ, Furkan Donbaloğlu, Mehpare Sari Yanartaş, Boran Şekeroğlu, Arzu Yilmaz, Özlem Yayici Köken","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-frequency oscillations are oscillatory high-frequency (>80 Hz) signals that can be physiological or pathological. Physiological high-frequency oscillations related to sleep spindles have been reported. In addition, some reports indicate that high-frequency oscillations are a marker for the prediction of seizures. Our aim was to explore the presence of high-frequency oscillations in children with autism spectrum disorder and their relationship with clinical symptoms. Fifty-two children with autism spectrum disorder and 49 healthy children were enrolled in the study. EEG records were evaluated via the open-source Python library magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (MNE)-high-frequency oscillation for the detection of scalp high-frequency oscillations and sleep spindles detected by open-source YASA. SPSS version 22 used for statistical analysis. The duration of sleep spindle was shorter, and the frequency was significantly greater, in children with autism spectrum disorder than in healthy controls. High-frequency oscillations unrelated to sleep spindle were more common in children with autism spectrum disorder (P < 0.01). Younger children with autism spectrum disorder had particularly more high-frequency oscillations unrelated to sleep spindle (P < 0.01). Within the autism spectrum disorder group of patients, high-frequency oscillations unrelated to sleep spindle were significantly greater in subgroups with moderate-severe social interaction problems (P < 0.01), moderate-severe restricted interest (P = 0.018), and severe linguistic delays (P = 0.006). High-frequency oscillations might be a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder that might be used in clinical settings that warrants further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation of motor cortex enhances corticospinal excitability and brain connectivity in healthy individuals.","authors":"Ziyu Guo, Huiqing Qiu, Yang Li, Shuaixiang Wang, Yan Gao, Mengwei Yuan, Sha He, Fangyuan Yan, Yuping Wang, Xiaowei Ma","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortical excitability, the tendency of neurons to respond to various stimuli, is impaired in most neuropsychiatric conditions. Non-invasive brain stimulation can exert therapeutic effects by modulating the cortical excitability. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) have shown promise in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including improving cognitive abilities and motor function following stroke. Oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (otDCS), as a novel stimulation paradigm, combines tDCS and tACS to simultaneously regulate neuronal membrane potentials and oscillatory rhythms. This combination may produce more significant effects on neurons. To investigate this, participants received the following stimuli for 20 min on different days: (i) 2 mA 40 Hz otDCS, (ii) 2 mA 40 Hz tACS, (iii) 2 mA tDCS, and (iv) sham stimulation. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) were assessed both before and after stimulation. The increase in MEPs amplitudes was most pronounced under otDCS conditions compared with tACS and tDCS. Furthermore, analysis of TMS-EEG data revealed that changes in time-varying brain network patterns were most pronounced after otDCS, manifesting as enhanced brain-wide information connectivity. Our results indicate that gamma otDCS has significant potential for regulating cortical excitability and activating brain networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural dynamics underlying the cue validity effect in target conflict resolution.","authors":"Keyi Duan, Songyun Xie, Xinzhou Xie, Klaus Obermayer, Dalu Zheng, Ying Zhang, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cue validity significantly influences attention guidance, either facilitating or hindering the ability for conflict resolution. Previous studies have demonstrated that the validity effect and conflict resolution are associated with better/worse behavioral performance and specific neural activations; however, the underlying neural mechanism of their interaction remains unclear. We hypothesized that the effect of cue validity might sustain specific sequences of neural activities until target occurrence and throughout the subsequent conflict resolution. In this study, we recorded the scalp electroencephalography during the Attention Network Test paradigm to investigate their interactions in neural dynamics. Specifically, we performed a cluster-level channel-time-frequency analysis to explore significant time-frequency neural activity patterns associated with these interactions, in scalp regions of interest determined by a data-driven strategy. Our results revealed a string of significant neural dynamics in the frontal and parietal regions, including initial broad-band (especially the gamma-band) activations and subsequent complex cognitive processes evoked/effected by the invalid cue, that were firstly elicited. Finally, the resolution of conflict was completed by the frontal behavior-related theta-band power reduction. In summary, our findings advanced the understanding of the temporal and spectral sequences of neural dynamics, with the key regions involved in the resolution of conflict after invalid cueing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced concentrative absorption meditation reorganizes functional connectivity gradients of the brain: 7T MRI and phenomenology case study of jhana meditation.","authors":"Umay Demir, Winson Fu Zun Yang, Matthew D Sacchet","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing scientific interest in advanced meditation, and particularly the Theravada Buddhist advanced concentrative absorption meditation known as jhana (ACAM-J). ACAM-J includes a series of eight consecutive meditative states, which are radically altered states of consciousness. The neuroscience of ACAM-J, specifically brain reorganization, remains underspecified in part due to the difficulty of finding and studying expert ACAM-J meditators and challenges related to laboratory investigation of ACAM-J. Using a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique applied to human functional neuroimaging in an intensive case study, we investigated brain reorganization during ACAM-J. We applied linear mixed models and correlations to explore relations among brain reorganization and ACAM-J phenomenology. Results demonstrated that ACAM-J induces disruption of the hierarchical organization of the brain by shifting the gradients toward a more globally integrated rather than segregated state between sensory-related and higher-order cognitive regions. Additionally, ACAM-J induces a separation between sensory-related and attention modulation-related regions, resulting in greater differentiation in functional organization of these regions, consistent with phenomenological reports. This study highlights the need for further research into brain reorganization and health-related implications of both short-term and long-term practice of ACAM-J. Key points/highlights The neuroscience of advanced concentrative absorption meditation (ACAM) has the potential to improve our knowledge of well-being and altered states of consciousness but remains underexplored due to methodological challenges. We investigated functional reorganization of the brain during ACAM-J using gradient analysis and demonstrated that ACAM-J disrupts the hierarchical organization of the brain during meditation. Additionally, we demonstrated that ACAM-J increases differentiation between primary sensory areas and areas related to attention modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11990890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The facilitative mechanism of social interaction scenarios on second language vocabulary learning: evidence from near-infrared spectroscopy hyper-scanning.","authors":"Yunwei Zhang, Zhengwei Shi, Yusheng Liu, Jingjing Guo","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social interaction has a significant impact on vocabulary learning, but previous studies have examined its unique effects from a single-brain perspective, neglecting the role of inter-brain synchrony. Our study used an fNIRS hyper-scanning method to investigate the neurocognitive effects of social interaction contexts on second language vocabulary learning. A total of 54 bilingual pairs were randomly assigned to interactive or noninteractive conditions and learned words via 9-grid picture matrices. The results revealed higher accuracy in picture selection for interactive learners during the learning phase. During the testing phase, participants in the interactive condition demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than those in the noninteractive condition. Both conditions showed significant inter-brain synchrony (IBS), but interactive learners had greater inter-brain synchrony than noninteractive in the somatosensory association cortex and right supramarginal gyrus. inter-brain synchrony level positively predicted test scores for interactive learners. These results suggest that social interaction can enhance inter-brain synchrony, thereby facilitating second language vocabulary learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain activation patterns reflecting differences in music training: listening by ear vs. reading sheet music for the recognition of contexts and structures in a composition.","authors":"Reiya Horisawa, Keita Umejima, Seizo Azuma, Takeaki Miyamae, Ryugo Hayano, Kuniyoshi L Sakai","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When practicing a new piece of music, what are the neural substrates influenced by short-term training such as listening to recorded sources or reading sheet music? Do those neural mechanisms reflect the effects of long-term training in music? In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study with intermediate piano players in the middle of acquiring advanced knowledge and skills in music, we compared short-term training of listening to recorded pieces (\"Listen\") and reading sheet music (\"Read\"). Participants were \"Multi-\" and \"Mono-instrumentalist\" groups according to whether they played multiple instruments or only the piano. We used an error-detection task with music stimuli including structural errors made by swapping 2 phrases within a composition, thereby focusing on contextual comprehension of musical phrases. Overall performances were significantly better under Listen than under Read, and significantly better in Multi than in Mono. Moreover, we observed left-lateralized frontal activations under Listen for Multi, whereas bilateral temporo-frontal regions were activated under Read for both groups. Focusing on individual differences under Read, we found a positive correlation between the frontal activations and the accuracy rates for Mono. Overall, our results elucidate how the neural substrates of judgments on structures and context in music are influenced by both long-term and short-term training.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One cell to rule them all: Immune regulation of the brain in autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Paul Ashwood","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For 80 years there has been a link between autism and immune activation. Studies point to dysfunction in immune responses in peripheral blood, gut mucosa, and brain. Human postmortem brain studies in autism show increased differential expression of inflammatory immune genes, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and glial activation. Immune cells in the brain are comprised of both tissue-resident cells and those recruited from the blood. This includes regulatory T cells (Tregs) that foster immune tolerance and tissue repair. Tregs reduce microglial reactivity, assist in regenerative and reparative processes, and promote differentiation of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes in the brain, thus modulating white matter development. Neuroinflammation may be a universal autism phenotype independent of the underlying etiology that can be controlled by Tregs promoting homeostasis, microglia and oligodendrocyte function, and white matter development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}