Cerebral cortex最新文献

{"title":"Impact of working memory training on brain network integration and neurotransmitter systems: a resting-state fMRI.","authors":"Chaozong Ma, Yijun Li, Yuntao Gao, Xinxin Lin, Yilin Hou, Wei He, Yuanqiang Zhu, Jun Jiang, Yuanjun Xie, Peng Fang","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory training (WMT) has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive performance, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Brain network connectivity, particularly as measured by the participation coefficient (PC), offers a valuable framework for elucidating these neural changes. This study investigated the effects of WMT on brain network connectivity, utilizing PC as a primary assessment of network integration and segregation. The relationship between WMT-induced changes in PC and the density of specific neurotransmitter receptors was examined. Seventy-six healthy participants were randomly assigned to either a WMT group or a control group. After 8 wks of training, the WMT group exhibited significant cognitive improvements, especially in near and far transfer tasks. These behavioral improvements were accompanied by specific changes in brain connectivity, including a reduction in PC within the sensorimotor network and node-specific alterations in the left prefrontal cortex, temporo-occipital-parietal junction, and parietal operculum. Moreover, changes in PC were significantly correlated with the density of dopamine D2 receptors, mu-opioid receptors, and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. These findings enhance our understanding of how WMT influences cognitive function and brain network connectivity, highlighting the potential for targeting specific networks and neurotransmitter systems in cognitive training interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the role of phonological and semantic mechanisms during morphological processing of sentences in 7-year-old children.","authors":"Marjolein Mues, Avantika Mathur, James Booth","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphology refers to the smallest difference in sound that makes a difference in meaning, such as walk versus walked. Morphological skill is a key linguistic feature that impacts language and literacy outcomes, but its neural underpinnings have mostly been examined at the word level. We examined if phonological and semantic mechanisms play a role during morphological processing in sentences in 7-year-old children using functional MRI. Using a novel functional localizer approach that correlates brain activation during sound and meaning in-scanner tasks with standardized scores for phonology and semantics, we show that morphological processing is especially reliant on phonological mechanisms given significant activation in the left dorsal inferior frontal gyrus and left posterior superior temporal gyrus. Semantic mechanisms were engaged to a lesser degree in the left ventral inferior frontal gyrus. Exploratory whole-brain analyses revealed a brain-behavior correlation in the cerebellum showing that greater activation during morphological processing was related to lower language abilities. Our results suggest that processing morphological structures in sentences relies mostly on phonemic segmentation, and that those with lower language may compensate for their lower phonological skill by engaging the cerebellum to amplify and refine those phonemic representations to aid in segmentation when listening to sentences.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive task-switching training and single-task training differentially affect behavioral and neural manifestations of cognitive control in children.","authors":"Sina A Schwarze, Corinna Laube, Neda Khosravani, Ulman Lindenberger, Silvia A Bunge, Yana Fandakova","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to flexibly switch between tasks develops during childhood. Children's task-switching performance improves with practice, but the underlying processes remain unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how 9 weeks of task-switching training affect performance and task-related activation and functional connectivity. Children (8-11 years) were assigned to one of three groups: intensive task switching (SW; n = 72), intensive single tasking (SI; n = 74), and passive control (n = 41). While mixing costs decreased in both training groups initially, only the SW group maintained these training-related improvements at the end of training. Activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex decreased with training, but again only the SW group maintained these activation decreases at the end of training. Condition-specific connectivity increases with task switching became less pronounced with training, especially in the SI group. Lower costs of task switching along with decreased task-related activations suggest increased processing efficiency in frontoparietal regions with training. Intensive task-switching training was associated with sustained changes, possibly facilitated by a greater mismatch between processing supplies and environmental demands. Our findings suggest that experience-dependent changes with intensive task-switching training do not mirror maturational processes but rather facilitate performance via more efficient task processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant dominant rhythm desynchronization to faces and objects.","authors":"Mina Elhamiasl, Maeve R Boylan, Ryan Barry-Anwar, Zoe Pestana, Andreas Keil, Lisa S Scott","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants' electroencephalography (EEG) dominant rhythm oscillates between 6 and 9 Hz. The desynchronization of this rhythm from baseline to the processing of visual stimuli is used as an index to better understand the development of visual attention. However, development trajectories of desynchronization remain underexplored. Additionally, it is unclear whether development of desynchronization is sensitive to task demands or if it reflects broader developmental changes. To investigate these questions, EEG data were collected from infants aged 6, 9, and 12 months while they passively viewed a fixation cross followed by 10-s trials of a female face or novel object tracked down the screen. Dominant rhythm desynchronization was calculated by subtracting power during the fixation period from power during each task condition. The results revealed significant desynchronization in response to faces at occipital electrodes for all age groups. The magnitude of the desynchronization also increased from 6 to 9 to 12 months of age in response to faces over right occipital electrodes. No significant desynchronization was observed for object stimuli. These findings suggest that dominant rhythm desynchronization develops across infancy and is sensitive to stimulus type. The increased desynchronization for faces compared to objects highlights infants' general preference for faces relative to objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cingulate cortex stimulation drives distinct pupillary responses in rat via recruitment of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus.","authors":"Vianney Salvi, Gilles Courtand, Philippe de Deurwaerdère, Laura Cardoit, Stéphane Valerio, Sébastien Delcasso, François Georges, Thomas Michelet","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The organization of the cingulate cortex has been the subject of intensive studies, concluding to its central role in motor control, cognition, and arousal. One of the key anatomical pathways through which the cingulate cortex influences behavior is its efferent connection to the locus coeruleus (LC). This brainstem region is responsible for noradrenaline (NA) release and is critical for various cognitive and behavioral functions. However, the specific impact of cingulate subregions on the LC-NA system remains unexplored. This study investigated how the different cingulate cortex areas affect LC-NA activity by measuring pupil-evoked responses (PERs) as an index of LC-NA activity. Using intra-cortical stimulation across the eight cingulate areas in rats, we found that anterior cingulate cortex and midcingulate cortex subregions evoked rare autonomic responses but significant pupil dilations whose amplitude increased along the caudo-rostral and dorso-ventral axes. By using the DSP-4, a neurotoxin-selective ablation of the LC-NA system, we suppressed PER and confirmed the role of LC-NA activity in this response. The differential influence of cortical areas on the PER demonstrates that each subregion of the rat cingulate cortex has the potential to differentially activate the LC-NA system, suggesting a clear parcellation of the rodent cingulate cortex, likely corresponding to functional specialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group creativity emerges from triple ideation pathways: neurobehavioral evidence from an fNIRS hyperscanning study.","authors":"Kelong Lu, Xinyue Wang, Xinuo Qiao, Zhenni Gao, Ning Hao","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the origins of creative ideas in groups, validating the triple-pathway model of group creative ideation with behavioral and neuroscientific evidence. A total of 123 college student dyads completed a creative ideation task and a contrast task while their brain activity was simultaneously recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results identified three distinct ideation pathways-flexibility, persistence, and convergence-that collectively drove group creativity, accompanied by three interbrain synchrony states. STATE2, characterized by enhanced prefrontal-temporal interbrain synchrony, positively predicted group creative performance, whereas STATE3, marked by reduced frontal-parietal interbrain synchrony, negatively predicted it. Specifically, STATE2 facilitated group creativity through three mediating pathways: (1) the flexibility pathway alone, (2) combined flexibility-persistence or flexibility-convergence pathways, and (3) a sequential flexibility-persistence-convergence pathway with chain mediation effects. These findings provide neurobehavioral evidence for the triple-pathway model, underscoring the pivotal role of prefrontal-temporal interbrain synchrony in group creativity. They further demonstrate the dynamic, multi-pathway nature of group creative ideation, showing that a single cohort can flexibly employ three interchangeable pathways to generate novel ideas collaboratively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual cortical thickness increases with prolonged artificial vision restoration.","authors":"Noelle R B Stiles, Jeiran Choupan, Hossein Ameri, Vivek R Patel, Yonggang Shi","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Argus II retinal prosthesis restores visual perception to late blind individuals. It has been shown that structural changes occur in the brain due to late-onset blindness, including cortical thinning in visual cortical regions. Following vision restoration, it is not yet known whether visual regions are reinvigorated and regain a normal cortical thickness or retain the diminished thickness from blindness. We evaluated the cortical thicknesses of 10 Argus II participants, 10 blind participants, and 13 sighted participants. The Argus II patients on average had a thicker left cuneus cortex and lateral occipital cortex relative to the blind patients. The duration of the Argus II use significantly partially correlated with thicker visual cortical regions in the left hemisphere. Furthermore, in the 2 case studies (scanned before and after implantation), the patient with longer device use (44.5 months) had an increase in the cortical thickness of visual regions, whereas the shorter-using patient did not (6.5 months). Overall, the Argus II participants' cortical thickness was on average significantly rejuvenated in 2 higher visual regions, and participants using the implant for a longer duration had thicker visual regions. This research raises the possibility of structural plasticity reversing visual cortical atrophy in vision restoration participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Hemispheric asymmetry of the white matter microstructure in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociable neural networks for processing fearful bodily expressions at different spatial frequencies.","authors":"Maria-Chiara Villa, Alessio Borriero, Matteo Diano, Tommaso Ciorli, Alessia Celeghin, Beatrice de Gelder, Marco Tamietto","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain processes visual input across various spatial frequency (SF) ranges to extract emotional cues. Prior studies have extensively explored SF processing in facial expressions, yielding partly conflicting results. However, bodily expressions, which provide complementary emotional and survival-relevant cues, remain unexplored. We investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of low (LSF), high (HSF), and broad spatial frequency (BSF) components in fearful versus neutral bodily postures. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined brain activity in 20 participants viewing SF-filtered images of bodily expressions in a semi-passive task. A multivariate \"searchlight\" analysis based on Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis was employed to decode the non-linear activation patterns associated with each SF band. Our findings reveal that SF processing engages distinct neural networks in response to fearful bodily expressions. BSF stimuli activated a widespread network, including the amygdala, pulvinar, frontal, and temporal cortices. These findings suggest a general threat-detection system integrating information across all SFs. HSF stimuli engaged cortical regions associated with detailed emotional evaluation and motor planning, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and premotor areas, suggesting that processing fine-grained fear cues involves computationally demanding networks related to emotional resonance and action preparation. In contrast, LSF stimuli primarily activated motor-preparatory regions linked to rapid, action-oriented responses, highlighting the brain prioritization of quick readiness to low-detail threats. Notably, the amygdala showed no SF selectivity, supporting its role as a generalized \"relevance detector\" in emotional processing. The present study demonstrates that the brain flexibly adapts its SF processing strategy based on the visual details available in fearful bodily expressions, underscoring the complexity and adaptability of emotional processing from bodily signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of core brain networks with antipsychotic therapeutic effects in first-episode schizophrenia.","authors":"Yuling Luo, Tianyuan Zhu, Yu Zhang, Jiamin Fan, Xiaojun Zuo, Xiaorong Feng, Jinnan Gong, Dezhong Yao, Jijun Wang, Cheng Luo","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of antipsychotic treatment will be of great value for precision medicine in schizophrenia, yet there has been limited progress. We combined static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) analysis to examine the abnormal communications among core brain networks [default-mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), primary network (PN), and subcortical network (SCN) in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia (responders and nonresponders to antipsychotic monotherapy). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 79 first-episode schizophrenia and 90 healthy controls. All patients received antipsychotic monotherapy for up to 12 weeks and underwent a second scan. We found that significantly reduced static FC in CEN-DMN/SN and SN-SCN were observed in nonresponders after treatment, whereas almost no difference was observed in responders. The nonresponders showed significantly higher dynamic FC in PN-DMN/SN than responders at baseline. Further, the baseline FC in core brain networks were treated as moderators involved in symptom relief and distinguished response subtypes with high classification accuracy. Collectively, the current work highlights the potential of communications among five core brain networks in searching biomarkers of antipsychotic monotherapy response and neuroanatomical subtypes, advancing the understanding of antipsychotic treatment mechanisms in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}