Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae402
Ziyang Gao, Yuan Xiao, Fei Zhu, Bo Tao, Qiannan Zhao, Wei Yu, John A Sweeney, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui
{"title":"Multilayer network analysis reveals instability of brain dynamics in untreated first-episode schizophrenia.","authors":"Ziyang Gao, Yuan Xiao, Fei Zhu, Bo Tao, Qiannan Zhao, Wei Yu, John A Sweeney, Qiyong Gong, Su Lui","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although aberrant static functional brain network activity has been reported in schizophrenia, little is known about how the dynamics of neural function are altered in first-episode schizophrenia and are modulated by antipsychotic treatment. The baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 122 first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and 128 healthy controls (HCs), and 44 patients were rescanned after 1-year of antipsychotic treatment. Multilayer network analysis was applied to calculate the network switching rates between brain states. Compared to HCs, schizophrenia patients at baseline showed significantly increased network switching rates. This effect was observed mainly in the sensorimotor (SMN) and dorsal attention networks (DAN), and in temporal and parietal regions at the nodal level. Switching rates were reduced after 1-year of antipsychotic treatment at the global level and in DAN. Switching rates at baseline at the global level and in the inferior parietal lobule were correlated with the treatment-related reduction of negative symptoms. These findings suggest that instability of functional network activity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute psychosis in early-stage schizophrenia. The normalization of network stability after antipsychotic medication suggests that this effect may represent a systems-level mechanism for their therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae412
Erick Almeida de Souza, Bruno Hebling Vieira, Carlos Ernesto Garrido Salmon
{"title":"Individual cognitive traits can be predicted from task-based dynamic functional connectivity with a deep convolutional-recurrent model.","authors":"Erick Almeida de Souza, Bruno Hebling Vieira, Carlos Ernesto Garrido Salmon","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been increased interest in understanding the neural substrates of intelligence and several human traits from neuroimaging data. Deep learning can be used to predict different cognitive measures, such as general and fluid intelligence, from different functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments providing information about the main brain areas involved in these predictions. Using neuroimaging and behavioral data from 874 subjects provided by the Human Connectome Project, we predicted various cognitive scores using dynamic functional connectivity derived from language and working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task states, using a 360-region multimodal atlas. The deep model joins multiscale convolutional and long short-term memory layers and was trained under a 10-fold stratified cross-validation. We removed the confounding effects of gender, age, total brain volume, motion and the multiband reconstruction algorithm using multiple linear regression. We can explain 17.1% and 16% of general intelligence variance for working memory and language tasks, respectively. We showed that task-based dynamic functional connectivity has more predictive power than resting-state dynamic functional connectivity when compared to the literature and that removing confounders significantly reduces the prediction performance. No specific cortical network showed significant relevance in the prediction of general and fluid intelligence, suggesting a spatial homogeneous distribution of the intelligence construct in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae405
Johanna Senk, Espen Hagen, Sacha J van Albada, Markus Diesmann
{"title":"Reconciliation of weak pairwise spike-train correlations and highly coherent local field potentials across space.","authors":"Johanna Senk, Espen Hagen, Sacha J van Albada, Markus Diesmann","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae405","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-electrode arrays covering several square millimeters of neural tissue provide simultaneous access to population signals such as extracellular potentials and spiking activity of one hundred or more individual neurons. The interpretation of the recorded data calls for multiscale computational models with corresponding spatial dimensions and signal predictions. Multi-layer spiking neuron network models of local cortical circuits covering about $1,{text{mm}^{2}}$ have been developed, integrating experimentally obtained neuron-type-specific connectivity data and reproducing features of observed in-vivo spiking statistics. Local field potentials can be computed from the simulated spiking activity. We here extend a local network and local field potential model to an area of $4times 4,{text{mm}^{2}}$, preserving the neuron density and introducing distance-dependent connection probabilities and conduction delays. We find that the upscaling procedure preserves the overall spiking statistics of the original model and reproduces asynchronous irregular spiking across populations and weak pairwise spike-train correlations in agreement with experimental recordings from sensory cortex. Also compatible with experimental observations, the correlation of local field potential signals is strong and decays over a distance of several hundred micrometers. Enhanced spatial coherence in the low-gamma band around $50,text{Hz}$ may explain the recent report of an apparent band-pass filter effect in the spatial reach of the local field potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae403
Chie Nakatani, Hannah Bernhard, Cees van Leeuwen
{"title":"Prior EEG marks focused and mind-wandering mental states across trials.","authors":"Chie Nakatani, Hannah Bernhard, Cees van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whether spontaneous or induced by a tedious task, the transition from a focused mental state to mind wandering is a complex one, possibly involving adjacent mental states and extending over minutes or even hours. This complexity cannot be captured by relying solely on subjective reports of mind wandering. To characterize the transition in a mind-wandering-inducing tone counting task, in addition we collected subjective reports of thought generation along with task performance as a measure of cognitive control and EEG measures, namely auditory probe evoked potentials (AEP) and ongoing 8-12 Hz alpha-band amplitude. We analyzed the cross-correlations between timeseries of these observations to reveal their contributions over time to the occurrence of task-focused and mind-wandering states. Thought generation and cognitive control showed overall a yoked dynamics, in which thought production increased when cognitive control decreased. Prior to mind wandering however, they became decoupled after transient increases in cognitive control-related alpha amplitude. The decoupling allows transitory mental states beyond the unidimensional focused/wandering continuum. Time lags of these effects were on the order of several minutes, with 4-10 min for that of alpha amplitude. We discuss the implications for mind wandering and related mental states, and for mind-wandering prediction applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae413
Xin Li, Qiaoxuan Wang, Mengran Wang, Zhenfang Ma, Yi Yuan
{"title":"Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neurovascular coupling in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Xin Li, Qiaoxuan Wang, Mengran Wang, Zhenfang Ma, Yi Yuan","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurovascular coupling plays an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, it is unclear how ultrasound stimulation modulates neurovascular coupling in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we found that (i) transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of cerebral blood oxygen metabolism in Alzheimer's disease mice; (ii) transcranial ultrasound stimulation can significantly modulate the relative power of theta and gamma frequency of local field potential in Alzheimer's disease mice; and (iii) transcranial ultrasound stimulation can significantly modulate the neurovascular coupling in time domain and frequency domain induced by forepaw electrical stimulation in Alzheimer's disease mice. It provides a research basis for the clinical application of transcranial ultrasound stimulation in Alzheimer's disease patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae398
Jiangyi Xia, Marta Kutas, David P Salmon, Anna M Stoermann, Siena N Rigatuso, Sarah E Tomaszewski Farias, Steven D Edland, James B Brewer, John M Olichney
{"title":"Memory-related brain potentials for visual objects in early AD show impairment and compensatory mechanisms.","authors":"Jiangyi Xia, Marta Kutas, David P Salmon, Anna M Stoermann, Siena N Rigatuso, Sarah E Tomaszewski Farias, Steven D Edland, James B Brewer, John M Olichney","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impaired episodic memory is the primary feature of early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not all memories are equally affected. Patients with AD and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) remember pictures better than words, to a greater extent than healthy elderly. We investigated neural mechanisms for visual object recognition in 30 patients (14 AD, 16 aMCI) and 36 cognitively unimpaired healthy (19 in the \"preclinical\" stage of AD). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants performed a visual object recognition task. Hippocampal occupancy (integrity), amyloid (florbetapir) PET, and neuropsychological measures of verbal & visual memory, executive function were also collected. A right-frontal ERP recognition effect (500-700 ms post-stimulus) was seen in cognitively unimpaired participants only, and significantly correlated with memory and executive function abilities. A later right-posterior negative ERP effect (700-900 ms) correlated with visual memory abilities across participants with low verbal memory ability, and may reflect a compensatory mechanism. A correlation of this retrieval-related negativity with right hippocampal occupancy (r = 0.55), implicates the hippocampus in the engagement of compensatory perceptual retrieval mechanisms. Our results suggest that early AD patients are impaired in goal-directed retrieval processing, but may engage compensatory perceptual mechanisms which rely on hippocampal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae406
Joshua D Hoddinott, Jessica A Grahn
{"title":"Neural representations of beat and rhythm in motor and association regions.","authors":"Joshua D Hoddinott, Jessica A Grahn","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae406","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans perceive a pulse, or beat, underlying musical rhythm. Beat strength correlates with activity in the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area, suggesting these regions support beat perception. However, the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area are part of a general rhythm and timing network (regardless of the beat) and may also represent basic rhythmic features (e.g. tempo, number of onsets). To characterize the encoding of beat-related and other basic rhythmic features, we used representational similarity analysis. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants heard 12 rhythms-4 strong-beat, 4 weak-beat, and 4 nonbeat. Multi-voxel activity patterns for each rhythm were tested to determine which brain areas were beat-sensitive: those in which activity patterns showed greater dissimilarities between rhythms of different beat strength than between rhythms of similar beat strength. Indeed, putamen and supplementary motor area activity patterns were significantly dissimilar for strong-beat and nonbeat conditions. Next, we tested whether basic rhythmic features or models of beat strength (counterevidence scores) predicted activity patterns. We found again that activity pattern dissimilarity in supplementary motor area and putamen correlated with beat strength models, not basic features. Beat strength models also correlated with activity pattern dissimilarities in the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe, though these regions encoded beat and rhythm simultaneously and were not driven by beat alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae397
Anna Grabowska, Filip Sondej, Magdalena Senderecka
{"title":"A network analysis of affective and motivational individual differences and error monitoring in a non-clinical sample.","authors":"Anna Grabowska, Filip Sondej, Magdalena Senderecka","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae397","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Error monitoring, which plays a crucial role in shaping adaptive behavior, is influenced by a complex interplay of affective and motivational factors. Understanding these associations often proves challenging due to the intricate nature of these variables. With the aim of addressing previous inconsistencies and methodological gaps, in this study, we utilized network analysis to investigate the relationship between affective and motivational individual differences and error monitoring. We employed six Gaussian Graphical Models on a non-clinical population ($N$ = 236) to examine the conditional dependence between the amplitude of response-related potentials (error-related negativity; correct-related negativity) and 29 self-report measures related to anxiety, depression, obsessive thoughts, compulsive behavior, and motivation while adjusting for covariates: age, handedness, and latency of error-related negativity and correct-related negativity. We then validated our results on an independent sample of 107 participants. Our findings revealed unique associations between error-related negativity amplitudes and specific traits. Notably, more pronounced error-related negativity amplitudes were associated with increased rumination and obsessing, and decreased reward sensitivity. Importantly, in our non-clinical sample, error-related negativity was not directly associated with trait anxiety. These results underscore the nuanced effects of affective and motivational traits on error processing in healthy population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae420
Huize Pang, Xiaolu Li, Ziyang Yu, Hongmei Yu, Shuting Bu, Juzhou Wang, Mengwan Zhao, Yu Liu, Yueluan Jiang, Guoguang Fan
{"title":"Disentangling gray matter atrophy and its neurotransmitter architecture in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease: an atlas-based correlation analysis.","authors":"Huize Pang, Xiaolu Li, Ziyang Yu, Hongmei Yu, Shuting Bu, Juzhou Wang, Mengwan Zhao, Yu Liu, Yueluan Jiang, Guoguang Fan","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease is characterized by multiple neurotransmitter systems beyond the traditional dopaminergic pathway, yet their influence on volumetric alterations is not well comprehended. We included 72 de novo, drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients and 61 healthy controls. Voxel-wise gray matter volume was evaluated between Parkinson's disease and healthy controls, as well as among Parkinson's disease subgroups categorized by clinical manifestations. The Juspace toolbox was utilized to explore the spatial relationship between gray matter atrophy and neurotransmitter distribution. Parkinson's disease patients exhibited widespread GM atrophy in the cerebral and cerebellar regions, with spatial correlations with various neurotransmitter receptors (FDR-P < 0.05). Cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease patients showed gray matter atrophy in the left middle temporal atrophy, which is associated with serotoninergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic receptors (FDR-P < 0.05). Postural and gait disorder patients showed atrophy in the right precuneus, which is correlated with serotoninergic, dopaminergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and opioid receptors (FDR-P < 0.05). Patients with anxiety showed atrophy in the right superior orbital frontal region; those with depression showed atrophy in the left lingual and right inferior occipital regions. Both conditions were linked to serotoninergic and dopaminergic receptors (FDR-P < 0.05). Parkinson's disease patients exhibited regional gray matter atrophy with a significant distribution of specific neurotransmitters, which might provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of clinical manifestations and develop targeted intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae421
Rhushikesh A Phadke, Austin M Wetzel, Luke A Fournier, Alison Brack, Mingqi Sha, Nicole M Padró-Luna, Ryan Williamson, Jeff Demas, Alberto Cruz-Martín
{"title":"REVEALS: an open-source multi-camera GUI for rodent behavior acquisition.","authors":"Rhushikesh A Phadke, Austin M Wetzel, Luke A Fournier, Alison Brack, Mingqi Sha, Nicole M Padró-Luna, Ryan Williamson, Jeff Demas, Alberto Cruz-Martín","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae421","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deciphering the rich repertoire of mouse behavior is crucial for understanding the functions of both the healthy and diseased brain. However, the current landscape lacks effective, affordable, and accessible methods for acquiring such data, especially when employing multiple cameras simultaneously. We have developed REVEALS (Rodent Behavior Multi-Camera Laboratory Acquisition), a graphical user interface for acquiring rodent behavioral data via commonly used USB3 cameras. REVEALS allows for user-friendly control of recording from one or multiple cameras simultaneously while streamlining the data acquisition process, enabling researchers to collect and analyze large datasets efficiently. We release this software package as a stand-alone, open-source framework for researchers to use and modify according to their needs. We describe the details of the graphical user interface implementation, including the camera control software and the video recording functionality. We validate results demonstrating the graphical user interface's stability, reliability, and accuracy for capturing rodent behavior using DeepLabCut in various behavioral tasks. REVEALS can be incorporated into existing DeepLabCut, MoSeq, or other custom pipelines to analyze complex behavior. In summary, REVEALS offers an interface for collecting behavioral data from single or multiple perspectives, which, when combined with deep learning algorithms, enables the scientific community to identify and characterize complex behavioral phenotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}