Cerebral cortex最新文献

{"title":"Cingulate cortex stimulation drives distinct pupillary responses in rat via recruitment of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus.","authors":"Vianney Salvi, Gilles Courtand, Philippe de Deurwaerdère, Laura Cardoit, Stéphane Valerio, Sébastien Delcasso, François Georges, Thomas Michelet","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The organization of the cingulate cortex has been the subject of intensive studies, concluding to its central role in motor control, cognition, and arousal. One of the key anatomical pathways through which the cingulate cortex influences behavior is its efferent connection to the locus coeruleus (LC). This brainstem region is responsible for noradrenaline (NA) release and is critical for various cognitive and behavioral functions. However, the specific impact of cingulate subregions on the LC-NA system remains unexplored. This study investigated how the different cingulate cortex areas affect LC-NA activity by measuring pupil-evoked responses (PERs) as an index of LC-NA activity. Using intra-cortical stimulation across the eight cingulate areas in rats, we found that anterior cingulate cortex and midcingulate cortex subregions evoked rare autonomic responses but significant pupil dilations whose amplitude increased along the caudo-rostral and dorso-ventral axes. By using the DSP-4, a neurotoxin-selective ablation of the LC-NA system, we suppressed PER and confirmed the role of LC-NA activity in this response. The differential influence of cortical areas on the PER demonstrates that each subregion of the rat cingulate cortex has the potential to differentially activate the LC-NA system, suggesting a clear parcellation of the rodent cingulate cortex, likely corresponding to functional specialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group creativity emerges from triple ideation pathways: neurobehavioral evidence from an fNIRS hyperscanning study.","authors":"Kelong Lu, Xinyue Wang, Xinuo Qiao, Zhenni Gao, Ning Hao","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored the origins of creative ideas in groups, validating the triple-pathway model of group creative ideation with behavioral and neuroscientific evidence. A total of 123 college student dyads completed a creative ideation task and a contrast task while their brain activity was simultaneously recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results identified three distinct ideation pathways-flexibility, persistence, and convergence-that collectively drove group creativity, accompanied by three interbrain synchrony states. STATE2, characterized by enhanced prefrontal-temporal interbrain synchrony, positively predicted group creative performance, whereas STATE3, marked by reduced frontal-parietal interbrain synchrony, negatively predicted it. Specifically, STATE2 facilitated group creativity through three mediating pathways: (1) the flexibility pathway alone, (2) combined flexibility-persistence or flexibility-convergence pathways, and (3) a sequential flexibility-persistence-convergence pathway with chain mediation effects. These findings provide neurobehavioral evidence for the triple-pathway model, underscoring the pivotal role of prefrontal-temporal interbrain synchrony in group creativity. They further demonstrate the dynamic, multi-pathway nature of group creative ideation, showing that a single cohort can flexibly employ three interchangeable pathways to generate novel ideas collaboratively.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual cortical thickness increases with prolonged artificial vision restoration.","authors":"Noelle R B Stiles, Jeiran Choupan, Hossein Ameri, Vivek R Patel, Yonggang Shi","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Argus II retinal prosthesis restores visual perception to late blind individuals. It has been shown that structural changes occur in the brain due to late-onset blindness, including cortical thinning in visual cortical regions. Following vision restoration, it is not yet known whether visual regions are reinvigorated and regain a normal cortical thickness or retain the diminished thickness from blindness. We evaluated the cortical thicknesses of 10 Argus II participants, 10 blind participants, and 13 sighted participants. The Argus II patients on average had a thicker left cuneus cortex and lateral occipital cortex relative to the blind patients. The duration of the Argus II use significantly partially correlated with thicker visual cortical regions in the left hemisphere. Furthermore, in the 2 case studies (scanned before and after implantation), the patient with longer device use (44.5 months) had an increase in the cortical thickness of visual regions, whereas the shorter-using patient did not (6.5 months). Overall, the Argus II participants' cortical thickness was on average significantly rejuvenated in 2 higher visual regions, and participants using the implant for a longer duration had thicker visual regions. This research raises the possibility of structural plasticity reversing visual cortical atrophy in vision restoration participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating leadership dilemmas: neural mechanisms balancing social approval and group performance.","authors":"Daeeun Kim, JuYoung Kim, Kun Il Kim, Hackjin Kim","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaders often face a dilemma when balancing the prioritization of group performance with gaining social approval from group members, a tension that can have significant consequences for the entire group. Despite its importance, the neural mechanisms underlying this leadership dilemma have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, participants, ostensibly designated as leaders of a group with 2 other members, engaged in a puzzle choice task that presented a conflict between group performance and social approval, all within either a public or a private setting. Leaders showed a preference for choices that prioritized social approval over group performance in public settings more than in private settings. When managing these dilemmas, relationship-oriented leaders engaged the ventral subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex, while goal-oriented leaders engaged the dorsal subregion. These findings contribute to our understanding of how the human brain navigates strategic leadership decisions, particularly in scenarios demanding a delicate balance between popularity and group performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow semantic learning in the cerebral cortex, and its relation to the hippocampal episodic memory system.","authors":"Edmund T Rolls, Chenfei Zhang, Jianfeng Feng","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key question is how new semantic representations are formed in the human brain and how this may benefit from the hippocampal episodic memory system. Here, we describe the major effective connectivity between the hippocampal memory system and the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) semantic memory system in humans. Then, we present and model a theory of how semantic representations may be formed in the human ATL using slow associative learning in semantic attractor networks that receive inputs from the hippocampal episodic memory system. The hypothesis is that if one category of semantic representations is being processed for several seconds, then a slow short-term memory trace associative biologically plausible learning rule will enable all the components during that time to be associated together in a semantic attractor network. This benefits from the binding of components provided by the hippocampal episodic memory system. The theory is modeled in a four-layer network for view-invariant visual object recognition, followed by a semantic attractor network layer that utilizes a temporal trace associative learning rule to form semantic categories based on the inputs that occur close together in time, using inputs from the hippocampal system or from the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural state changes during movie watching relate to episodic memory in younger and older adults.","authors":"Sarah E Henderson, Djamari Oetringer, Linda Geerligs, Karen L Campbell","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event segmentation is a key feature underlying the ability to remember real-life occurrences. At the neural level, event boundaries have been shown to align with boundaries between neural states-stable patterns of brain activity maintained over time. These neural states provide a valuable window into the neural underpinnings of event perception. To investigate how neural state boundaries relate to memory across the lifespan, we used the data-driven Greedy State Boundary Search method to implicitly identify neural state changes in younger and older adults' electroencephalography data during movie watching. Memory for the movie was tested and related to (1) neural state correspondence across individuals and (2) the degree to which the pattern of activity changes at boundaries. Neural state boundaries significantly aligned across people, but did not differ with age nor relate to memory. The degree of change at neural state boundaries also did not differ with age, but was positively related to memory for the movie. These findings suggest that age differences in the perception of naturalistic events may be less pronounced than previously thought, at least when measured implicitly, and that greater distinction between successive neural states relates to better memory for one's experiences regardless of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-wide connectivity changes due to social-emotional regulation during a naturalistic fMRI task.","authors":"Christopher J Hyatt, Bruce E Wexler, Gretchen J Diefenbach, Gabriel S Dichter, Carla A Mazefsky, Lavinia C Uscatescu, Julie Wolf, Robert A Sahl, Brian Pittman, Godfrey D Pearlson, Michal Assaf","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf118","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social-emotional (SE) regulation is necessary for successful social interactions. Such emotion regulation (ER), however, has been examined in only a few studies using naturalistic SE tasks during functional neuroimaging. We examined ER in typically developed young adults (n = 62) watching and listening to a video of a person telling an emotional (positive, negative) or neutral story during functional MRI. We calculated brain-wide voxel-to-voxel functional connectivity (FC) using data-driven functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis. Participants made two visits, the first involving only passive video viewing, while the second visit included application of an ER reappraisal strategy during video viewing. Contrasts of video emotion type across visits (main effect of Emotion) demonstrated regional FC differences depending on emotion type while contrasts between passive and ER visits (main effect of Regulation) showed significant FC differences involving left temporoparietal junction, left supramarginal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and precuneus. We found no significant Emotion by Regulation interaction. Our results suggest prefrontal involvement in implicit ER (negative stimuli) and the role of medial posterior regions associated with the default mode network (PCC and precuneus) during explicit ER and provide insight into the neural substrates underlying introspective SE cognition central to ER strategies such as reappraisal and mindfulness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The generalizability of cortical area parcellations across early childhood.","authors":"Jiaxin Cindy Tu, Michael J Myers, Wei Li, Jiaqi Li, Xintian Wang, Donna Dierker, Trevor K M Day, Abraham Snyder, Aidan Latham, Jeanette K Kenley, Chloe M Sobolewski, Yu Wang, Alyssa K Labonte, Eric Feczko, Omid Kardan, Lucille A Moore, Chad M Sylvester, Damien A Fair, Jed T Elison, Barbara B Warner, Deanna M Barch, Cynthia E Rogers, Joan L Luby, Christopher D Smyser, Evan M Gordon, Timothy O Laumann, Adam T Eggebrecht, Muriah D Wheelock","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebral cortex consists of distinct areas that develop through intrinsic embryonic patterning and postnatal experiences. Accurate parcellation of these areas in neuroimaging studies improves statistical power and cross-study comparability. Given significant brain changes in volume, microstructure, and connectivity during early life, we hypothesized that cortical areas in 1- to 3-year-olds would differ markedly from neonates and increasingly resemble adult patterns as development progresses. Here, we parcellated the cerebral cortex into putative areas using local functional connectivity (FC) gradients in 92 toddlers at 2 years old. We demonstrate high reproducibility of these cortical areas across 1- to 3-year-olds in two independent datasets. The area boundaries in 1- to 3-year-olds were more similar to those in adults than those in neonates. While the age-specific group area parcellation better fits the underlying FC in individuals during the first 3 years, adult area parcellations still have utility in developmental studies, especially in children older than 6 years. Additionally, we provide connectivity-based community assignments of the area parcels, showing fragmented anterior and posterior components based on the strongest connectivity, yet alignment with adult systems when weaker connectivity was included.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Hemispheric asymmetry of the white matter microstructure in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociable neural networks for processing fearful bodily expressions at different spatial frequencies.","authors":"Maria-Chiara Villa, Alessio Borriero, Matteo Diano, Tommaso Ciorli, Alessia Celeghin, Beatrice de Gelder, Marco Tamietto","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain processes visual input across various spatial frequency (SF) ranges to extract emotional cues. Prior studies have extensively explored SF processing in facial expressions, yielding partly conflicting results. However, bodily expressions, which provide complementary emotional and survival-relevant cues, remain unexplored. We investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of low (LSF), high (HSF), and broad spatial frequency (BSF) components in fearful versus neutral bodily postures. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined brain activity in 20 participants viewing SF-filtered images of bodily expressions in a semi-passive task. A multivariate \"searchlight\" analysis based on Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis was employed to decode the non-linear activation patterns associated with each SF band. Our findings reveal that SF processing engages distinct neural networks in response to fearful bodily expressions. BSF stimuli activated a widespread network, including the amygdala, pulvinar, frontal, and temporal cortices. These findings suggest a general threat-detection system integrating information across all SFs. HSF stimuli engaged cortical regions associated with detailed emotional evaluation and motor planning, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and premotor areas, suggesting that processing fine-grained fear cues involves computationally demanding networks related to emotional resonance and action preparation. In contrast, LSF stimuli primarily activated motor-preparatory regions linked to rapid, action-oriented responses, highlighting the brain prioritization of quick readiness to low-detail threats. Notably, the amygdala showed no SF selectivity, supporting its role as a generalized \"relevance detector\" in emotional processing. The present study demonstrates that the brain flexibly adapts its SF processing strategy based on the visual details available in fearful bodily expressions, underscoring the complexity and adaptability of emotional processing from bodily signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}