Cerebral cortex最新文献_第4页

Topographical polarity reveals continuous EEG microstate transitions and electric field direction in healthy aging. 地形极性揭示了健康老年人连续的脑电微态转变和电场方向。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf214

Shiho Kashihara, Tomohisa Asai, Hiroshi Imamizu

{"title":"Topographical polarity reveals continuous EEG microstate transitions and electric field direction in healthy aging.","authors":"Shiho Kashihara, Tomohisa Asai, Hiroshi Imamizu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf214","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate sequences, representing whole-brain spatial potential distribution patterns of the EEG, help capture spatiotemporally continuous and fluctuating neural dynamics with high temporal resolution through appropriate discretization. Recent studies suggest that EEG microstate transitions are gradual and continuous phenomena, contrary to the classical view of binary transitions. To update conventional microstate analysis to reflect continuous EEG dynamics and examine differences in age-related electrophysiological state transitions, we considered the relative positions of EEG microstates on the neural manifold and their topographical polarity. Transition probability results revealed fewer transitions on the microstate D-C-E axis in older adults but increased transitions among microstates A, D, B, and E that were mainly observed within polarity and A-B between polarity. Furthermore, the 100 microstate transitions, which are variations of the shortest transitions between 10 microstates, could be reduced to 8 principal components based on each transition co-occurrence, including hubs C and E, planar transitions through msA/B and D, and unidirectional transition components. Several transition components were potentially significant predictors of age group, independent of age-related alpha activity reductions. These patterns remained stable across longer continuous transitions over time and were nearly replicated in independent data, indicating their robustness in characterizing age-related electrophysiological spatiotemporal dynamics.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural and behavioral signatures of policy compression in cognitive control. 认知控制中策略压缩的神经和行为特征。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf223

Shuze Liu, Atsushi Kikumoto, David Badre, Samuel J Gershman

{"title":"Neural and behavioral signatures of policy compression in cognitive control.","authors":"Shuze Liu, Atsushi Kikumoto, David Badre, Samuel J Gershman","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf223","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf223","url":null,"abstract":"Making context-dependent decisions incurs cognitive costs. Cognitive control studies have investigated the nature of such costs from both computational and neural perspectives. In this paper, we offer an information-theoretic account of the costs associated with context-dependent decisions. According to this account, the brain's limited capacity to store context-dependent policies necessitates \"compression\" of policies into internal representations with an upper bound on codelength, quantified by an information-theoretic measure (policy complexity). These representations are decoded into actions by sequentially inspecting each bit, such that longer codes take more time to decode. When a response deadline is imposed, the account predicts that policy complexity should increase with the deadline. Higher policy complexity is associated with several behavioral signatures: (i) higher accuracy; (ii) lower variability; and (iii) lower perseveration. Analyzing electroencephalograpy data from a rule-based action selection task, we found evidence supporting all of these predictions. We further hypothesized that complex policies require higher neural dimensionality (which constrains the code space). Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that policy complexity correlates with a measure of neural dimensionality in a rule-based decision task. This finding brings us a step closer to understanding the neural implementation of policy compression and its implications for cognitive control.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Form information modulates the temporal dynamics of walking direction and body orientation processing in biological motion perception. 形态信息调节生物运动感知中行走方向和身体方位加工的时间动态。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf221

Tingting Feng, Liansheng Yao, Xunbing Shen, Yuanyu Zhang, Qiufang Fu

{"title":"Form information modulates the temporal dynamics of walking direction and body orientation processing in biological motion perception.","authors":"Tingting Feng, Liansheng Yao, Xunbing Shen, Yuanyu Zhang, Qiufang Fu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf221","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf221","url":null,"abstract":"Biological motion (BM) perception is crucial for survival and social interaction. Previous studies have shown that form structure influences the perception of walking direction and body orientation. However, the neural mechanisms underlying how form modulates the processing of these features remain unclear. To investigate how form is encoded and its interaction with the processing of walking direction and body orientation, we combined EEG and multivariate pattern analyses. Participants viewed classic point-light displays with different forms, walking directions, and body orientations. The decoding results revealed that form information was significantly decoded starting around 85 ms, peaking at 275 ms. The time generalization analysis revealed that the neural representation of form was transient before ~ 200 ms, and became stable thereafter. Importantly, decoding accuracy became significant at 100 ms for both body orientation and walking direction when form was intact, but remained at chance level for walking direction and was reduced for body orientation when form was scrambled. These results indicate that form structure influences the time course of body orientation and walking direction processing. These findings shed light on the encoding of form structure and its role in shaping the neural representation of other BM features.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Object representations in human ventral and dorsal cortex depend on display format and physical distance. 人类腹侧和背侧皮层的物体表征依赖于显示格式和物理距离。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf210

Grant T Fairchild, Desiree E Holler, Sara Fabbri, Michael A Gomez, Michael Rudd, Jacqueline C Walsh-Snow

{"title":"Object representations in human ventral and dorsal cortex depend on display format and physical distance.","authors":"Grant T Fairchild, Desiree E Holler, Sara Fabbri, Michael A Gomez, Michael Rudd, Jacqueline C Walsh-Snow","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf210","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf210","url":null,"abstract":"Physical distance and real-world size are important visual cues for object perception and action. Yet most studies of vision rely on pictorial stimuli that are not relevant for action, and whose distance and size are ambiguous. We used functional MRI to explore how the human brain represents object information when the stimuli are real objects versus two-dimensional pictures, and when the stimuli appear at different physical distances from the observer. Although stimulus distance had powerful effects on functional MRI response amplitudes for both formats, proximity amplified responses to real objects more than responses to pictures in areas such as lateral occipital and parietal cortex. Distance also had a powerful effect on functional MRI response patterns. While response patterns were generally similar for both formats, distance had different effects on representations in the ventral and dorsal processing pathways. In ventral cortex, object characteristics such as physical size were evident in the representations irrespective of stimulus proximity; however, in dorsal cortex, such characteristics were only evident for proximal stimuli. Our results reveal fundamental similarities and differences in how object information is represented in ventral and dorsal cortex when the stimuli convey characteristics that are relevant for both perception and action.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal information encoding in isolated cortical networks. 孤立皮质网络的时间信息编码。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf235

Zubayer Ibne Ferdous, Saeed Omidi, Nađa Stojanović, Yevgeny Berdichevsky

{"title":"Temporal information encoding in isolated cortical networks.","authors":"Zubayer Ibne Ferdous, Saeed Omidi, Nađa Stojanović, Yevgeny Berdichevsky","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf235","url":null,"abstract":"Time-dependent features are present in many sensory stimuli. In the sensory cortices, timing features of stimuli are represented by spatial and temporal code. A potential mechanism by which cortical networks may perform temporal-to-spatial conversion is \"reservoir computing.\" The state of a recurrently-connected network, or a reservoir, represents current and prior inputs. In this experimental study, we determined whether the state of an isolated cortical network represents temporal information in the inputs. We used patterned optogenetic stimulation of dissociated primary rat cortical cultures. We delivered input sequences of patterns where one of the patterns occurred at different times in each sequence. The state of these experimental networks contained information about input sequences for at least a second, with at least 100-ms precision. Accurate classification required many neurons, suggesting that timing information was encoded via population code. Trajectory of the network state was largely determined by spatial features of the stimulus, with temporal features having a more subtle effect. The duration of spatial information retention was > 2 s, similar to duration of short-term memory in the primary visual cortex. We concluded that local reservoir computation may be a plausible mechanism for temporal-to-spatial code conversion in sensory cortices.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortical circuit principles predict patterns of trauma induced tauopathy in humans. 皮层回路原理预测人类创伤诱导的牛头病的模式。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf209

Helen Barbas, Miguel Ángel Garcia-Cabezas, Yohan John, Julied Bautista, Ann McKee, Basilis Zikopoulos

{"title":"Cortical circuit principles predict patterns of trauma induced tauopathy in humans.","authors":"Helen Barbas, Miguel Ángel Garcia-Cabezas, Yohan John, Julied Bautista, Ann McKee, Basilis Zikopoulos","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf209","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf209","url":null,"abstract":"In brains of individuals who had sustained repetitive head trauma, advanced pathologic tau protein in neurons and axons within temporal cortices followed patterns seen in homologous cortico-cortical connections in nonhuman primates. The relational Structural Model, which is based on the universal principle of the systematic variation of cortical laminar structure, has successfully predicted the relative laminar distribution of cortico-cortical connections based on the relative similarity/difference in laminar structure in pairs of linked areas. Here, the Structural Model successfully predicted the graded laminar distribution and density of pathologic tau in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and was validated by a computational progression model. By contrast, early and sporadic tau pathology in the depths of sulci in chronic traumatic encephalopathy followed local columnar connectivity rules. These findings support applicability of a theoretical model to unravel the direction and progression of tau pathology in neurodegeneration via cortical connection mechanisms. Cortical pathways converging on temporal cortices may help explain the inexorable spread of pathologic tau to widespread cortical areas accompanied by decline in emotional and cognitive processes in humans with repetitive head trauma.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12357493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of cortical thickness, volume, and memory performance on age differences in neural reinstatement of scene information. 皮层厚度、体积和记忆表现对场景信息神经恢复年龄差异的影响。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf213

Joshua M Olivier, Sabina Srokova, Paul F Hill, Michael D Rugg

{"title":"Effects of cortical thickness, volume, and memory performance on age differences in neural reinstatement of scene information.","authors":"Joshua M Olivier, Sabina Srokova, Paul F Hill, Michael D Rugg","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf213","url":null,"abstract":"The strength of neural reinstatement, a correlate of episodic memory retrieval, reportedly reflects the amount and fidelity of mnemonic content and is weaker in older than younger adults, especially for scene memoranda. Based on evidence that age-related declines in cortical thickness and volume contribute to age-related cognitive decline, we analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from healthy young and older adults to examine relationships between cortical thickness, cortical volume, age, and scene-related reinstatement in 3 cortical regions implicated in scene processing: the parahippocampal place area, medial place area, and occipital place area. A \"reinstatement index\" was estimated from functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during tests of source memory for scene images, and multiple regression analyses were employed to examine the effects of the variables of interest on scene reinstatement. There were robust age differences in reinstatement, cortical thickness, and cortical volume. In the parahippocampal place area and medial place area, cortical volume fully mediated the effects of age on reinstatement. Additionally, parahippocampal place area reinstatement strength predicted source memory performance independently of cortical volume or age. These findings suggest that age differences in scene reinstatement are mediated by cortical volume and that memory performance and cortical volume are associated with unique components of variance in reinstatement strength.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12371703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Common neural choice signals reflect accumulated evidence, not confidence. 常见的神经选择信号反映的是积累的证据，而不是信心。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf257

Kobe Desender, Andi Smet, Deniz Erdil, Esna Mualla Gunay, Yvonne F Visser, Pierre Le Denmat, Hélène Van Marcke

{"title":"Common neural choice signals reflect accumulated evidence, not confidence.","authors":"Kobe Desender, Andi Smet, Deniz Erdil, Esna Mualla Gunay, Yvonne F Visser, Pierre Le Denmat, Hélène Van Marcke","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf257","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf257","url":null,"abstract":"Centro-parietal electroencephalogram signals (centro-parietal positivity and error positivity) correlate with the reported level of confidence. According to recent computational work these signals reflect evidence which feeds into the computation of confidence, not directly confidence. To test this prediction, we causally manipulated prior beliefs to selectively affect confidence, while leaving objective task performance unaffected. Behaviorally, we found that manipulating prior beliefs causally affected confidence without corresponding changes in accuracy and a negligible effect on reaction times. The electroencephalogram data showed a monotonic relation between the reported level of confidence and both centro-parietal positivity and error positivity amplitudes. Importantly, this finding is compatible both with the theory that these signals track confidence as well as with the alternative theory that they track accumulated evidence. Critically, both neural signals were insensitive to the influence of prior beliefs on confidence, showing that they reflect the accumulated evidence that is used by the system to compute confidence, not directly confidence. Likewise, oscillatory activity in alpha and beta band was insensitive to the influence of prior beliefs on confidence. Decoding analyses revealed that the brain does hold shared representations for prior beliefs and confidence, and we identified a frontal signal that is sensitive to both confidence and prior beliefs.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SPM as a cornerstone of an open source software ecosystem for neuroimaging. SPM是神经成像开源软件生态系统的基石。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf238

Russell A Poldrack

引用次数: 0

Correction to: The left pars triangularis lesions impair semantic interference resolution regardless of competitor modality. 更正：无论竞争对手的形态如何，左三角部损伤都会损害语义干扰分辨率。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf253

引用次数: 0