Cerebral cortex最新文献

{"title":"Effects of age on memory-related category-selective connectivity.","authors":"Sarah Monier, Sabina Srokova, Nehal S Shahanawaz, Michael D Rugg","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regions within ventral occipito-temporal cortex exhibit category-selective BOLD responses during episodic encoding and retrieval of visual information. How these regions interact with other brain areas during successful encoding and retrieval, and whether these interactions relate to memory performance, remains unclear. The present study examined category-selective functional connectivity using psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses in younger and older adults during the encoding and retrieval of word-image associations. Seed regions comprised three scene-selective regions-the parahippocampal place area, medial place area, and occipital place area-and one object-selective region, the lateral occipital complex (LOC). During encoding, scene-selective regions exhibited greater connectivity with posterior occipital and occipitotemporal regions during scene relative to object encoding, whereas the LOC exhibited less extensive connectivity with similar posterior regions during object encoding. During retrieval, both scene- and object-selective regions demonstrated increased connectivity with left lateral prefrontal and parietal cortices during the retrieval of their preferred category. Age differences in scene-selective connectivity were evident at both phases. Moreover, associations between source memory performance and scene-selective connectivity were significant only in younger adults. These findings suggest that scene- and object-selective regions exhibit convergent patterns of functional connectivity during encoding and retrieval which, for scenes, vary with age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excitatory and inhibitory networks diverge following early blindness.","authors":"Guillaume Laliberté, Denis Boire","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early visual deprivation profoundly reshapes cortical functional organization, yet the contribution of distinct neuronal populations to large-scale network plasticity remains unclear. We combined awake wide-field mesoscale calcium imaging within promoter-defined neuronal populations to characterize resting-state functional connectivity in pan-neuronal (hSyn), excitatory (Thy1), and inhibitory (mDLX) cortical networks in sighted and neonatal enucleated mice. Graph-theoretical analyses revealed a convergent reorganization pattern across populations in which medial higher visual and associative cortices strengthened their connectivity with somatosensory and motor regions, whereas primary visual cortex and lateral higher visual areas lost network influence. Despite this shared motif, network remodeling differed according to neuronal identity. Excitatory networks exhibited pronounced redistribution of nodal influence and modular organization with selective alterations of global network topology, indicating selective susceptibility to sensory deprivation. Inhibitory networks preserved global efficiency while showing localized reorganization of connector and bridging hubs. Pan-neuronal networks displayed extensive redistribution of connectivity and hub architecture despite relatively preserved global network organization. These findings demonstrate that early blindness induces coordinated yet neuronal identity-dependent mesoscale network plasticity, linking mouse cortical dynamics with systems-level evidence of cross-modal reorganization in blind individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary univariate and multivariate signals in the parietal cortex for visual working memory pointers and features.","authors":"Xinchi Yu, Ellen Lau","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An emerging body of work in visual working memory (VWM) has embraced the theoretical construct of pointers: an object is mentally represented by a content-free pointer binding the corresponding features together. In the current magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we investigated univariate and multivariate neural responses modulated by number of objects and by number/content of features in two literature-driven posterior parietal patches: inferior and superior intraparietal sulcus (IPS). We found that, across VWM formation and maintenance, number of objects (or attended locations) is tracked by univariate signals in the inferior IPS, but by multivariate signals in the superior IPS. Feature information manifests in multivariate signals in both superior and inferior IPS across VWM formation and maintenance, and additionally in univariate signals in the inferior IPS during VWM formation. Taken together, our results suggest that complementary univariate and multivariate neural responses underlie VWM in the posterior parietal cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Music-selective cortex is sensitive to structure in both pitch and time.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13604835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythmic stimulation elicits multiple, concurrent neural responses.","authors":"Benjamin J Griffiths, Katharina Duecker, Camille Fakche, Laura Dugué, Andrew Quinn, Ole Jensen","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag152","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhythmic light stimulation offers solutions to innumerable cognitive and neurological disorders. However, like any neuromodulatory technique, responses to rhythmic light stimulation are highly variable, producing challenges in replicating lab-based studies and translating findings to the clinic. Across 3 magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) experiments, we show that this variability can, in part, be attributed to rhythmic light stimulation eliciting multiple, coexisting neural responses which have separable influences on behavior. Specifically, we find that rhythmic light stimulation produces neural responses at both the fundamental (f) and second harmonic (2f) frequencies, and that these responses are differentially shaped by endogenous oscillatory dynamics that vary across participants. Importantly, these harmonic responses separably contribute to perception, with gamma-band responses supporting the representation of stimulus-specific information, and alpha-band responses causally contributing to near-threshold visual perception. We reproduce these effects across datasets, paradigms, and oscillatory bands, suggesting that the multiple, concurrent oscillatory responses elicited by rhythmic light stimulation are a robust and pervasive phenomenon. We propose that the complexity of neural responses to rhythmic stimulation can explain why there is substantial variability between studies using these techniques, and that understanding these complex responses may help advance neuromodulatory technologies for both fundamental and clinical neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early postlesional visuomotor capacity after V1 damage in the macaque.","authors":"Alessia Sepe, Matteo Panormita, Mark A G Eldridge, David A Leopold, Luca Bonini, Wim Vanduffel, Marco Tamietto","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) causes field defects in conscious vision, yet stimuli in the affected field may still guide saccades and other visuomotor responses (\"blindsight\"). Chronic blindsight is well documented, but early postlesional saccade profiles to scotoma stimuli remain poorly characterized. We mapped visuomotor functions in two macaques 3 to 4 weeks after a unilateral V1 lesion using a perimetry-like saccade assay up to 35° eccentricity, with analyses of saccade direction and catch-trial baselines. Targets had either unpredictable onset, as in clinical perimetry, or temporally cued onset. With unpredictable onsets, monkeys typically failed to initiate movements toward the affected hemifield, and correct saccades to scotoma targets were rare. Temporal cueing increased saccade initiation toward contralesional targets, including positions meeting conventional criteria for blindness, primarily as delayed saccades with initial misdirection or multistep trajectories. A scotoma-related spatial bias, largely independent of the target, was evident in catch-trial and misdirected saccades, whereas a minority of delayed (\"out-of-time\") saccades reached toward the target location without meeting the temporal criterion. Fine-grained saccade phenotyping may offer a sensitive marker of residual visuomotor processing after V1 damage in monkeys and, potentially, humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent structural trajectories for pallial regionalization within reptiles reveal conserved evolutionary blueprints.","authors":"Sara Jiménez, Ana Moreno-Cerdá, Juan-Antonio Moreno-Bravo, Nerea Moreno, Fernando García-Moreno","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag131","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pallium is the evolutionary precursor of the neocortex and a central brain region underlying learning or social behavior, yet its histogenetic organization and cellular composition remain debated. Reptiles provide a key comparative framework to investigate pallial diversification and ancestral amniote traits. Here we analyzed the pallium of the turtle Trachemys scripta elegans and the gecko Paroedura picta using molecular markers, hybridization chain reaction, and 3D light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. We identify two subdivisions of the dorsal cortex defined by Satb1/Satb2 expression, consistent with patterns reported in other sauropsids. Turtles display a pronounced rostrocaudal pallial thickening, whereas in geckos this expansion is restricted rostrally, suggesting a more limited dorsal pallial enlargement in lepidosaurs. Conversely, geckos possess a nucleus sphericus absent in turtles that may correspond to the pallial amygdala described in chelonians. Other pallial territories, including medial and lateral cortical regions and the dorsal ventricular ridge, show conserved organizational features consistent with their presence in the last common ancestor of amniotes. Developmental analyses in turtles revealed apical and basal progenitors but no detectable eomes+ intermediate progenitors. These findings indicate that reptilian pallial diversification primarily reflects lineage-specific modulation of conserved neuronal transcriptional programs, providing insight into the evolutionary origins of the neocortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mu suppression reveals auditory-motor predictions after short musical training.","authors":"Oscar Bedford, Alberto Ara, Jérémie Ginzburg, Philippe Albouy, Robert J Zatorre, Virginia B Penhune","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag118","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory-motor coupling is a bidirectional neural mechanism that supports speech and music, as evidenced by motor system activation during passive listening to both spoken language and learned melodies. Such activation is anticipatory, occurs in non-musicians, and can be elicited at the single-note level. These prior findings support the idea that motor activity guides auditory perception by relaying predictive timing information. However, the neural processes underlying this kind of motor activity are not fully understood. Electroencephalography studies in musicians have linked it to mu-band suppression, but the temporal scale and the generalizability to the broader population remain unclear. We recruited 25 non-musicians who learned to play a simple melody on a piano-like keyboard. Before and after training, participants passively listened to the trained melody and control melodies. Offline, electroencephalography data from the motor training were used to generate a time-frequency mask with which to identify mu suppression occurring during passive listening. Significant mu suppression emerged before each note only during post-training exposure to the practiced melody. These results suggest that mu suppression occurs at the single-note level following short motor training and is not dependent on prior musical experience. Our findings support the notion that motor activity aids perception by anticipating the unfolding of learned auditory-motor sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punishment sensitivity and self-control: the role of motivation.","authors":"Jicheng Huang, Liang Chen, Yao Yin, Tingyong Feng, Pan Feng","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag134","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Punishment sensitivity is closely linked to self-control, yet the cognitive and neural correlates underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the associative structure between punishment sensitivity and self-control at both behavioral and neural levels, and to explore potential neural correlation patterns. To address these questions, we developed a dual-level (brain-behavior) model with the motive to achieve success and the motive to avoid failure as parallel mediators. We analyzed behavioral data and resting-state functional connectivity from 665 participants. The behavioral mediation analysis indicated that punishment sensitivity was associated with lower self-control, with the motive to achieve success and the motive to avoid failure serving as mediators of this association. Neural elastic-net analysis identified two patterns: default mode network (DMN)-frontoparietal network (FPN) connectivity and within-somatomotor hand network connectivity were positively predictive of punishment sensitivity, whereas DMN-visual network (VN) and VN-FPN connectivity were negatively predictive. These were termed the positive mask and the negative mask, respectively. Moreover, the mediation analysis revealed that the connectivity pattern (including the positive and negative masks) of punishment sensitivity influenced self-control through its effects on decreased the motive to achieve success and increased the motive to avoid failure. By integrating behavioral and neural evidence, the present findings raise the possibility that punishment sensitivity may be linked to diminished self-control. This link could involve a motivational imbalance. This finding not only enriches the theoretical framework of punishment sensitivity but also provide preliminary evidence for future confirmatory and causal research on neural mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early premotor-somatosensory remodeling after primary motor cortex injury.","authors":"Randolph J Nudo, Scott Barbay, Shawn B Frost, Michael Taylor, Heather M Hudson, David J Guggenmos","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhag145","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhag145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focal ischemic injury to the primary motor cortex (M1) disrupts distributed sensorimotor networks and initiates structural remodeling in spared cortical regions. Although previous studies have demonstrated axonal sprouting from ventral premotor cortex (PMv) to somatosensory area 1/2 at later post-injury time points, the onset of this reorganization remains unknown. We examined whether PMv-to-area 1/2 structural remodeling is detectable four weeks after focal infarction of the M1 distal forelimb representation in adult squirrel monkeys. Animals received focal ischemic lesions of the M1 distal forelimb area followed by anterograde tracer injections into the PMv distal forelimb representation. Putative synaptic boutons in area 1/2 were quantified using unbiased stereology and compared with intact controls. Four weeks after injury, bouton density within area 1/2 was significantly greater in lesion animals than in controls, indicating robust early remodeling of PMv-to-area 1/2 projections. Behavioral assessments showed partial recovery of skilled forelimb function over the same period. These findings demonstrate that corticocortical structural remodeling begins within the first month after focal M1 injury, identifying an early post-stroke window during which reorganization of premotor-somatosensory pathways may support the restoration of sensorimotor function. Significance statementRecovery after motor cortex injury depends on reorganization of spared neural circuits, but the timing of these changes remains poorly understood. Using a nonhuman primate model of focal motor cortex injury, we show that projections from ventral premotor cortex to higher-order somatosensory area 1/2 undergo substantial structural remodeling within four weeks of injury. Unbiased stereological analysis revealed a near doubling of axonal boutons in this pathway during a period of spontaneous behavioral recovery. These findings demonstrate that cortical network remodeling begins much earlier than previously recognized and identify an early post-injury window during which spared sensorimotor circuits may be particularly amenable to therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"36 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}