Cerebral cortex最新文献

{"title":"Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex does not directly affect muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans.","authors":"Brendan McCarthy, Gianni Sesa-Ashton, Donggyu Rim, Luke A Henderson, Vaughan G Macefield","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae484","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied both in research settings and clinically, notably in treating depression through the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). We have recently shown that transcranial alternating current stimulation of the dlPFC partially entrains muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the stimulus. We, therefore, aimed to further explore the sympathetic properties of the dlPFC, hypothesizing that single-pulse TMS could generate de novo MSNA bursts. Microneurography was performed on the right common peroneal nerve in 12 participants. TMS pulses were then delivered to the ipsilateral dlPFC at resting motor threshold (MT) of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and at powers 20 below, 10 below, 10% above, and 20% above MT. The MT and 10% above MT intensities were also used to stimulate the right motor cortex and shoulder. Comparisons between stimulus intensities at the same site and between sites at the same intensities revealed no differences in MSNA burst frequency, burst incidence, or single MSNA spikes. Most stimulus trains, however, showed reduced burst frequency and incidence from baseline, regardless of site. This suggests that the TMS itself was evoking arousal-based sympathoinhibition, independent of dlPFC influences. It seems the dlPFC is capable of modulating MSNA but cannot directly generate bursts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediodorsal thalamus nucleus-medial prefrontal cortex circuitry regulates cost-benefit decision-making selections.","authors":"Tong-Hao Ding, Yu-Ying Hu, Jia-Wen Li, Chong Sun, Chao-Lin Ma","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Value-based decision-making involves weighing costs and benefits. The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex reflects cost-benefit assessments, and the mediodorsal thalamus, reciprocally connected with the medial prefrontal cortex, has increasingly been recognized as an active partner in decision-making. However, the specific role of the interaction between the mediodorsal thalamus and the medial prefrontal cortex in regulating the neuronal activity underlying how costs and benefits influence decision-making remains largely unexplored. We investigated this by training the rats to perform a self-determined decision-making task, where longer nose poke durations resulted in correspondingly larger rewards. Our results showed that the inactivation of either the medial prefrontal cortex or the mediodorsal thalamus significantly impaired rat to invest more nose poke duration for larger rewards. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway enhanced rats' motivation for larger rewards, whereas inhibition of this pathway resulted in decreased motivation. Notably, we identified a specific population of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex that exhibited firing patterns correlated with motivation, and these neurons were modulated by the mediodorsal thalamus-medial prefrontal cortex projection. These findings suggest that the motivation during decision-making is encoded primarily by activity of particular neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and indicate the crucial role of the mediodorsal thalamus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway in maintaining motivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of subcortico-cortical tracts in middle-aged and older adults with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Michaela Cordova, Janice Hau, Adam Schadler, Molly Wilkinson, Kalekirstos Alemu, Ian Shryock, Ashley Baker, Chantal Chaaban, Emma Churchill, Inna Fishman, Ralph-Axel Müller, Ruth A Carper","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae457","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Middle-aged and older adults with autism spectrum disorder may be susceptible to accelerated neurobiological changes in striato- and thalamo-cortical tracts due to combined effects of typical aging and existing disparities present from early neurodevelopment. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we employed diffusion-weighted imaging and automated tract-segmentation to explore striato- and thalamo-cortical tract microstructure and volume differences between autistic (n = 29) and typical comparison (n = 33) adults (40 to 70 years old). Fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and tract volumes were measured for 14 striato-cortical and 12 thalamo-cortical tract bundles. Data were examined using linear regressions for group by age effects and group plus age effects, and false discovery rate correction was applied. Following false discovery rate correction, volumes of thalamocortical tracts to premotor, pericentral, and parietal regions were significantly reduced in autism spectrum disorder compared to thalamo-cortical groups, but no group by age interactions were found. Uncorrected results suggested additional main effects of group and age might be present for both tract volume and mean diffusivity across multiple subcortico-cortical tracts. Results indicate parallel rather than accelerated changes during adulthood in striato-cortical and thalamo-cortical tract volume and microstructure in those with autism spectrum disorder relative to thalamo-cortical peers though thalamo-cortical tract volume effects are the most reliable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared and disorder-specific large-scale intrinsic and effective functional network connectivities in postpartum depression with and without anxiety.","authors":"Kexuan Chen, Yingzi Ma, Rui Yang, Fang Li, Wei Li, Jin Chen, Heng Shao, Chongjun He, Meiling Chen, Yuejia Luo, Bochao Cheng, Jiaojian Wang","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postpartum depression and postpartum depression with anxiety, which are highly prevalent and debilitating disorders, become a growing public concern. The high overlap on the symptomatic and neurobiological levels led to ongoing debates about their diagnostic and neurobiological uniqueness. Delineating the shared and disorder-specific intrinsic functional connectivities and their causal interactions is fundamental to precision diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we recruited 138 participants including 45 postpartum depression, 31 postpartum depression comorbid with anxiety patients, and 62 healthy postnatal women with age ranging from 23 to 40 years. We combined independent component analysis, resting-state functional connectivity, and Granger causality analysis to reveal the abnormal intrinsic functional couplings and their causal interactions in postpartum depression and postpartum depression comorbid with anxiety from a large-scale brain network perspective. We found that they exhibited widespread abnormalities in intrinsic and effective functional network connectivities. Importantly, the intrinsic and effective functional network connectivities within or between the fronto-parietal network, default model network, ventral and dorsal attention network, sensorimotor network, and visual network, especially the functional imbalances between primary and association cortices could serve as effective neural markers to differentiate postpartum depression, postpartum depression comorbid with anxiety, and healthy controls. Our findings provide the initial evidence for shared and disorder-specific intrinsic and effective functional network connectivities for postpartum depression and postpartum depression comorbid with anxiety, which provide an underlying neuropathological basis for postpartum depression or postpartum depression comorbid with anxiety to facilitate precision diagnosis and therapy in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context changes retrieval of prospective outcomes during decision deliberation.","authors":"Pinar Göktepe-Kavis, Florence M Aellen, Aurelio Cortese, Giuseppe Castegnetti, Benedetto de Martino, Athina Tzovara","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae483","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foreseeing the future outcomes is the art of decision-making. Substantial evidence shows that, during choice deliberation, the brain can retrieve prospective decision outcomes. However, decisions are seldom made in a vacuum. Context carries information that can radically affect the outcomes of a choice. Nevertheless, most investigations of retrieval processes examined decisions in isolation, disregarding the context in which they occur. Here, we studied how context shapes prospective outcome retrieval during deliberation. We designed a decision-making task where participants were presented with object-context pairs and made decisions which led to a certain outcome. We show during deliberation, likely outcomes were retrieved in transient patterns of neural activity, as early as 3 s before participants decided. The strength of prospective outcome retrieval explains participants' behavioral efficiency, but only when context affects the decision outcome. Our results suggest context imparts strong constraints on retrieval processes and how neural representations are shaped during decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11663511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of working memory training on brain network plasticity and genetic associations: insights from individual differences.","authors":"Hang Wu, Xiongying Chen, Yinlong Li, Wan Zhao, Bofan Zhang, Caiying Luo, Xinyue Zhang, Jing Shi, Qiumei Zhang, Gao Li, Jun Li","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable individual differences in learning ability have long been recognized, yet cognitive learning studies traditionally emphasized group averages while overlooking individual differences. We conducted intersubject similarity of functional connectivity analysis on a month-long randomized controlled trial dataset. Subjects in the training group, together with an additional 66 subjects undergoing the same training, were included to examine the correlations between intersubject similarity of functional connectivity and the intersubject similarity of single nucleotide polymorphisms related to mental disorders (schizophrenia, attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder). We also used the Allen Human Brain Atlas to investigate genetic correlations at the gene expression level. Training increased the intersubject similarity of functional connectivity of some brain networks (especially the limbic network-frontoparietal network) across the resting and task states. Furthermore, the change in the intersubject similarity of functional connectivity of the limbic network-frontoparietal network after training seems to have a different genetic basis from its intersubject similarity of functional connectivity at baseline. Allen Human Brain Atlas analysis on the limbic network-frontoparietal network indicated correlations at baseline functional connectivity weights functional connectivity. Working memory training resulted in specific brain changes that differed among individuals, which may be partially due to genetics, especially concerning single nucleotide polymorphisms related to schizophrenia. Our findings emphasize the need to consider individual genetic backgrounds in personalized cognitive training.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical tracking of speakers' spectral changes predicts selective listening.","authors":"Francisco Cervantes Constantino, Ángel Caputi","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A social scene is particularly informative when people are distinguishable. To understand somebody amid a \"cocktail party\" chatter, we automatically index their voice. This ability is underpinned by parallel processing of vocal spectral contours from speech sounds, but it has not yet been established how this occurs in the brain's cortex. We investigate single-trial neural tracking of slow frequency modulations in speech using electroencephalography. Participants briefly listened to unfamiliar single speakers, and in addition, they performed a cocktail party comprehension task. Quantified through stimulus reconstruction methods, robust tracking was found in neural responses to slow (delta-theta range) modulations of frequency contours in the fourth and fifth formant band, equivalent to the 3.5-5 KHz audible range. The spectral spacing between neighboring instantaneous frequency contours (ΔF), which also yields indexical information from the vocal tract, was similarly decodable. Moreover, EEG evidence of listeners' spectral tracking abilities predicted their chances of succeeding at selective listening when faced with two-speaker speech mixtures. In summary, the results indicate that the communicating brain can rely on locking of cortical rhythms to major changes led by upper resonances of the vocal tract. Their corresponding articulatory mechanics hence continuously issue a fundamental credential for listeners to target in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crucial rhythms and subnetworks for emotion processing extracted by an interpretable deep learning framework from EEG networks.","authors":"Peiyang Li, Ruiting Lin, Weijie Huang, Hao Tang, Ke Liu, Nan Qiu, Peng Xu, Yin Tian, Cunbo Li","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroencephalogram (EEG) brain networks describe the driving and synchronous relationships among multiple brain regions and can be used to identify different emotional states. However, methods for extracting interpretable structural features from brain networks are still lacking. In the current study, a novel deep learning structure comprising both an attention mechanism and a domain adversarial strategy is proposed to extract discriminant and interpretable features from brain networks. Specifically, the attention mechanism enhances the contribution of crucial rhythms and subnetworks for emotion recognition, whereas the domain-adversarial module improves the generalization performance of our proposed model for cross-subject tasks. We validated the effectiveness of the proposed method for subject-independent emotion recognition tasks with the SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset (SEED) and the EEGs recorded in our laboratory. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively improve the classification accuracy of different emotions compared with commonly used methods such as domain adversarial neural networks. On the basis of the extracted network features, we also revealed crucial rhythms and subnetwork structures for emotion processing, which are consistent with those found in previous studies. Our proposed method not only improves the classification performance of brain networks but also provides a novel tool for revealing emotion processing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetrical patterns of β-amyloid deposition and cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease: the SILCODE study.","authors":"Xianfeng Yu, Ying Zhang, Yue Cai, Ning Rong, Ruixian Li, Rong Shi, Min Wei, Jiehui Jiang, Ying Han","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The asymmetric pattern of β-amyloid plaque distribution across Alzheimer's disease clinical progression stages remains unclear. In this study, 66 participants with normal cognition, 59 with subjective cognitive decline, 12 with mild cognitive impairment, and 11 with Alzheimer's disease dementia were included in the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) cohort. A regional asymmetry index, denoting the left-right asymmetry of β-amyloid plaques, was derived for each region based on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling atlas. The level of β-amyloid plaques in each region was compared among different clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease using the analysis of variance. An additional correlation analysis examined the relationship between each region of interest's cognitive performance scores and asymmetry index values. We found that β-amyloid appears to be lateralized in different stages of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, there is a significant correlation between β-amyloid asymmetry in various brain regions and cognition. The observed Aβ lateralization could potentially be utilized as a neuroimaging biomarker throughout AD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing Hubel and Wiesel's \"ice-cube\" model of functional maps at cellular resolution in macaque V1.","authors":"Sheng-Hui Zhang, Shi-Ming Tang, Cong Yu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hubel and Wiesel's ice-cube model proposed that V1 orientation and ocular dominance functional maps intersect orthogonally to optimize wiring efficiency. Here, we revisited this model and additional arrangements at both cellular and pixel levels in awake macaques using two-photon calcium imaging. The recorded response fields of view were similar in size to hypercolumns, each containing up to 2,000 identified neurons and representing full periods of orientation preferences and ocular dominance. We estimated each neuron/pixel's orientation, ocular dominance, and spatial frequency preferences, constructed respective functional maps, computed geometric gradients of feature preferences, and calculated intersection angles among these gradients. At the cellular level, the intersection angles among functional maps were nearly evenly distributed. Nonetheless, pixel-based maps after Gaussian smoothing displayed orientation-ocular dominance and orientation-spatial frequency orthogonality, as well as ocular dominance-spatial frequency parallelism, in alignment with previous results, even though the trends were weak and highly variable. However, these Gaussian smoothing effects were not observed in cellular maps, indicating that the pixel-based trends may not accurately represent the relationships among feature-tuning properties of V1 neurons. We suggest that the widely distributed intersections among cellular maps can ensure that multiple stimulus features are represented within a hypercolumn, and no pair of features is represented with the least economical wiring (e.g. parallel intersections).</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}