Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae453
Zhibin He, Tuo Zhang, Qiyu Wang, Songyao Zhang, Guannan Cao, Tianming Liu, Shijie Zhao, Xi Jiang, Lei Guo, Yixuan Yuan, Junwei Han
{"title":"Brain functional gradients are related to cortical folding gradient.","authors":"Zhibin He, Tuo Zhang, Qiyu Wang, Songyao Zhang, Guannan Cao, Tianming Liu, Shijie Zhao, Xi Jiang, Lei Guo, Yixuan Yuan, Junwei Han","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortical folding is closely linked to brain functions, with gyri acting more like local functional \"hubs\" to integrate information than sulci do. However, understanding how anatomical constraints relate to complex functions remains fragmented. One possible reason is that the relationship is estimated on brain mosaics divided by brain functions and cortical folding patterns. The boundaries of these hypothetical hard-segmented mosaics could be subject to the selection of functional/morphological features and as well as the thresholds. In contrast, functional gradient and folding gradient could provide a more feasible and unitless platform to mitigate the uncertainty introduced by boundary definition. Based on the MRI datasets, we used cortical surface curvature as the folding gradient and related it to the functional connectivity transition gradient. We found that, at the local scale, the functional gradient exhibits different function transition patterns between convex/concave cortices, with positive/negative curvatures, respectively. At the global scale, a cortex with more positive curvature could provide more function transition efficiency and play a more dominant role in more abstractive functional networks. These results reveal a novel relation between cortical morphology and brain functions, providing new clues to how anatomical constraint is related to the rise of an efficient brain function architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuronal fate resulting from indirect neurogenesis in the mouse neocortex.","authors":"Yumiko Hatanaka, Kentaro Yamada, Tomoki Eritate, Yasuo Kawaguchi, Tatsumi Hirata","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excitatory cortical neurons originate from cortical radial glial cells (RGCs). Initially, these neurons were thought to derive directly from RGCs (direct neurogenesis) and be distributed in an inside-out fashion. However, the discovery of indirect neurogenesis, whereby intermediate neuronal progenitors (INPs) generate neurons, challenged this view. To investigate the integration of neurons via these two modes, we developed a method to identify INP progeny and analyze their fate using transgenic mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the neurogenin-2 promoter, alongside thymidine analog incorporation. Their fate was further analyzed using mosaic analysis with double markers in mice. Indirect neurogenesis was prominent during early neurogenesis, generating neuron types that would emerge slightly later than those produced via direct neurogenesis. Despite the timing difference, both neurogenic modes produced fundamentally similar neuron types, as evidenced by marker expression and cortical-depth location. Furthermore, INPs generated pairs of similar phenotype neurons. These findings suggest that indirect neurogenesis, like direct neurogenesis, generates neuron types in a temporally ordered sequence and increases the number of similar neuron types, particularly in deep layers. Thus, both neurogenic modes cooperatively generate a diverse array of neuron types in a similar order, and their progeny populate together to form a coherent cortical structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural representations of phonological information in bilingual language production.","authors":"Xiaoyu Liu, Xiaoyan Wu, Yuan Feng, Jingyu Yang, Nannan Gu, Leilei Mei","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has explored the neural mechanisms of bilinguals' language production, but most studies focused on neural mechanisms of cognitive control during language production. Therefore, it is unclear which brain regions represent lexical information (especially phonological information) during production and how they are affected by language context. To address those questions, we used representational similarity analysis to explore neural representations of phonological information in native (L1) and second languages (L2) in the single- and mixed-language contexts, respectively. Results showed that Chinese-English bilinguals behaviorally performed worse and exhibited more activations in brain regions associated with language processing and cognitive control in the mixed-language context relative to the single-language context. Further representational similarity analysis revealed that phonological representations of L1 were detected in the left pars opercularis, middle frontal gyrus, and anterior supramarginal gyrus, while phonological representations of L2 were detected in the bilateral occipitotemporal cortex regardless of the target language. More interestingly, robust phonological representations of L1 were observed in brain areas related to phonological processing during L2 production regardless of language context. These results provide direct neuroimaging evidence for the nonselective processing hypothesis and highlight the superiority of phonological representations in the dominant language during bilingual language production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae443
Julia Mathan, Mélanie Maximino-Pinheiro, Qin He, Gabriela Rezende, Iris Menu, Cloelia Tissier, Emilie Salvia, Katell Mevel, Lorna Le Stanc, Julie Vidal, Marine Moyon, Lisa Delalande, Francois Orliac, Nicolas Poirel, Catherine Oppenheim, Olivier Houdé, Boris Chaumette, Grégoire Borst, Arnaud Cachia
{"title":"Effects of parental socioeconomic status on offspring's fetal neurodevelopment.","authors":"Julia Mathan, Mélanie Maximino-Pinheiro, Qin He, Gabriela Rezende, Iris Menu, Cloelia Tissier, Emilie Salvia, Katell Mevel, Lorna Le Stanc, Julie Vidal, Marine Moyon, Lisa Delalande, Francois Orliac, Nicolas Poirel, Catherine Oppenheim, Olivier Houdé, Boris Chaumette, Grégoire Borst, Arnaud Cachia","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence underscores the prenatal period's critical role in shaping later cognition and health, influenced by an intricate interplay of parental genetic and environmental factors. Birth weight is commonly used as a retrospective indicator of fetal development, but recent focus has shifted to more specific proxies of neurodevelopment, like cortical sulcal patterns, which are established in utero and remain stable after birth. This study aimed to elucidate the interrelated effects of parental socioeconomic status, brain volume, birth weight, and sulcal patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex. Utilizing structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), parental educational attainment, and related polygenic risk scores, the study analyzed 203 healthy right-handed participants aged 9 to 18. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex sulcal pattern is influenced by parental socioeconomic status and global brain volume, with socioeconomic status correlating with a polygenic risk score. These findings suggest that prenatal neurodevelopmental processes may mediate the intergenerational transmission of inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae432
Himanshu R Pandey, Amit Keshri, Neeraj Sinha, Uttam Kumar
{"title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of subjective tinnitus: insights from advanced cortical morphology analysis.","authors":"Himanshu R Pandey, Amit Keshri, Neeraj Sinha, Uttam Kumar","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective tinnitus, characterized by the perception of phantom sounds in the absence of external stimuli, presents significant challenges in both audiology and neurology. Once thought to primarily involve aberrant neural activity within auditory pathways, it is now understood to engage a broader array of neuroanatomical structures. This study investigated the connections between auditory, cognitive, and sensory processing regions, which are crucial for unraveling the complex neurobiological basis of tinnitus. Using high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we compared 52 individuals with subjective tinnitus with 52 age-matched healthy controls, focusing on cerebral cortex features, including fractal dimensionality, gyrification, and sulcal depth. Covariate analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between tinnitus duration, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores, anxiety score, and neuroanatomical changes. We found significant alterations in key brain regions involved in sensory processing, cognition, and emotional regulation, including the insula, lateral occipital cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule. These neuroanatomical changes were strongly correlated with the severity and chronicity of tinnitus symptoms. Our findings reveal profound structural changes in the brain associated with subjective tinnitus, offering valuable insights into the condition's underlying mechanisms and providing a potential framework for guiding future research and therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae435
Gabriela Epihova, Richard Cook, Timothy J Andrews
{"title":"Global changes in the pattern of connectivity in developmental prosopagnosia.","authors":"Gabriela Epihova, Richard Cook, Timothy J Andrews","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae435","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental prosopagnosia is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in recognizing the identity of a person from their face. While current theories of the neural basis of developmental prosopagnosia focus on the face processing network, successful recognition of face identities requires broader integration of neural signals across the whole brain. Here, we asked whether disruptions in global functional and structural connectivity contribute to the face recognition difficulties observed in developmental prosopagnosia. We found that the left temporal pole was less functionally connected to the rest of the brain in developmental prosopagnosia. This was driven by weaker contralateral connections to the middle and inferior temporal gyri, as well as to the medial prefrontal cortex. The pattern of global connectivity in the left temporal pole was also disrupted in developmental prosopagnosia. Critically, these changes in global functional connectivity were only evident when participants viewed faces. Structural connectivity analysis revealed localized reductions in connectivity between the left temporal pole and a number of regions, including the fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex. Our findings underscore the importance of whole-brain integration in supporting typical face recognition and provide evidence that disruptions in connectivity involving the left temporal pole may underlie the characteristic difficulties of developmental prosopagnosia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae434
Cristina Rubino, Justin W Andrushko, Shie Rinat, Adam T Harrison, Lara A Boyd
{"title":"Oculomotor functional connectivity associated with motor sequence learning.","authors":"Cristina Rubino, Justin W Andrushko, Shie Rinat, Adam T Harrison, Lara A Boyd","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae434","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquisition of learned motor sequences involves saccades directed toward the goal to gather visual information prior to reaching. While goal-directed actions involve both eye and hand movements, the role of brain areas controlling saccades during motor sequence learning is still unclear. This study aimed to determine whether resting-state functional connectivity of oculomotor regions is associated with behavioral changes resulting from motor sequence learning. We investigated connectivity between oculomotor control regions and candidate regions involved in oculomotor control and motor sequence learning. Twenty adults had brain scans before 3 days of motor task practice and after a 24-hour retention test, which was used to assess sequence-specific learning. During testing, both saccades and reaches were tracked. Stronger connectivity in multiple oculomotor regions prior to motor task practice correlated with greater sequence-specific learning for both saccades and reaches. A more negative connectivity change involving oculomotor regions from pre- to post-training correlated with greater sequence-specific learning for both saccades and reaches. Overall, oculomotor functional connectivity was associated with the magnitude of behavioral change resulting from motor sequence learning, providing insight into the function of the oculomotor system during motor sequence learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11546180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae425
Alexandre Cretton, Kate Schipper, Mahmoud Hassan, Paolo Ruggeri, Jérôme Barral
{"title":"Enhancing perceptual, attentional, and working memory demands through variable practice schedules: insights from high-density EEG multi-scale analyses.","authors":"Alexandre Cretton, Kate Schipper, Mahmoud Hassan, Paolo Ruggeri, Jérôme Barral","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae425","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhae425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contextual interference (CI) enhances learning by practicing motor tasks in a random order rather than a blocked order. One hypothesis suggests that the benefits arise from enhanced early perceptual/attentional processes, while another posits that better learning is due to highly activated mnemonic processes. We used high-density electroencephalography in a multi-scale analysis approach, including topographic analyses, source estimations, and functional connectivity, to examine the intertwined dynamics of attentional and mnemonic processes within short time windows. We recorded scalp activity from 35 participants as they performed an aiming task at three different distances, under both random and blocked conditions using a crossover design. Our results showed that topographies associated with processes related to perception/attention (N1, P3a) and working memory (P3b) were more pronounced in the random condition. Source estimation analyses supported these findings, revealing greater involvement of the perceptual ventral pathway, anterior cingulate and parietal cortices, along with increased functional connectivity in ventral alpha and frontoparietal theta band networks during random practice. Our results suggest that CI is driven, in the random compared to the blocked condition, by enhanced specific processes such as perceptual, attentional, and working memory processes, as well as large-scale functional networks sustaining more general attentional and executive processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae424
Ling Bao, Qingfang Zhang
{"title":"The aging of emotional words processing in implicit and explicit emotion task: an ERP study.","authors":"Ling Bao, Qingfang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined how cognitive aging affects emotional word processing using event-related potential technique. Young and older adults completed both implicit lexical decision and explicit emotion categorization tasks involving positive, negative, and neutral words. Behaviorally, older adults displayed a negative emotion effect in the implicit task, which was absent in young adults. While both age groups exhibited both positive and negative emotion effects in the explicit task, older adults demonstrated a greater positivity bias compared to young adults. Event-related potential technique data revealed that young adults exhibited an early negative emotion effect on the P2 and a late emotion effect on the late positivity potentials in the implicit task. In contrast, older adults exhibited an early negativity bias effect on the P2, as well as both negative and positive emotion effects on the N400, and positive emotion effects on the late positivity potentials. In the explicit task, young adults showed both early and late negative emotion effects on the P2 and late positivity potentials, while older adults showed both negative and positive emotion effects on the late positivity potentials. The results suggest distinct processing mechanisms for emotion words in young and older adults, involving both bottom-up and top-down mechanisms, which support the socioemotional selectivity theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"34 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae422
Peter A Kirk, Daniel S Pine, Katharina Kircanski
{"title":"Extending insights from LeDoux: using movies to study subjective, clinically meaningful experiences in neuroscience.","authors":"Peter A Kirk, Daniel S Pine, Katharina Kircanski","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhae422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroscience research with public health relevance to emotional disorders examines brain-behavior relations. Joe LeDoux's legacy advances these efforts in ways that remain truly unique. While recognized for his basic science research, he also inspires applied researchers, guiding an agenda for clinical scientists: understanding the pathophysiology of altered subjective experiences in emotional disorders. For brain imaging, movie-watching approaches help clinicians realize this agenda due to movies' relative strength in evoking rich, meaningful subjective experiences. Here, we describe methodological advances in movie-watching paradigms that might sustain LeDoux's impact by facilitating the discovery of neural mechanisms generating complex emotional responses. Of note, while linking subjective emotion to pathophysiology is a first step, innovations in movie-watching designs, especially involving therapeutic techniques for emotional disorders, can boost clinical application. Leveraging research on pathophysiology to generate novel therapy reflects the clinical legacy sustained through Joe LeDoux's rousing career.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}