Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf151
{"title":"Correction to: Connectomics and neurotransmitter receptor profile explain regional tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf146
Daniel B K Gabriel, Felix Havugimana, Anna E Liley, Ivan D Aguilar, Mohammed Yeasin, Nicholas W Simon
{"title":"Lateral orbitofrontal cortex encodes presence of risk and subjective risk preference during decision-making.","authors":"Daniel B K Gabriel, Felix Havugimana, Anna E Liley, Ivan D Aguilar, Mohammed Yeasin, Nicholas W Simon","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf146","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive decision-making requires consideration of risks and rewards associated with each option, as well as subjective preference for risky/safe alternatives. The lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) contributes to both reward and punishment processing as well as cost/benefit decision-making, but its role in punishment-driven risky decision-making remains unclear. To address this, we trained male rats in the Risky Decision-making Task, wherein subjects chose between a small, safe reward and a large reward with either 0% or 50% risk of foot shock punishment. We then recorded single unit activity in LOFC during task performance to determine how LOFC activity signals risky vs. safe options and choices. We observed that lOFC activity encodes risk in the environment prior to decision-making, then encodes reward magnitude independent of risk during action selection. Machine learning models revealed that lOFC activity accurately predicts risk but less effectively predicts impending choice, although integrating the outcome of the previous trial improved the accuracy of choice prediction. Finally, risk-preferring subjects demonstrated reduced encoding of risk and increased encoding of reward magnitude. This suggests that lOFC serves as a central hub wherein environmental information about risk and reward converges with internal, subjective information to guide risky decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theta bursts in patients with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy: potential marker of impaired inhibitory control and its mitigation through musical stimulation.","authors":"Chenxi Qiu, Yingqi Jiang, Yingying Tang, Liju Wang, Pengyu Zou, Yue Li, Xinjian Su, Rui Ma, Bo Yan, Ying Liu, Yutong Yao, Sijia Guo, Jing Lu, Xiaoting Hao, Dong Zhou, Dezhong Yao","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is associated with severe cognitive deficits. The condition involves impaired inhibitory control, and whether music therapy can be effective against it is unclear. Here we analyzed various pathophysiological markers of impaired inhibitory control and identified some that improved after music therapy. We assessed cognitive function in 41 patients with SHE in the Go/NoGo task and electroencephalographic activity before and after a single exposure to Mozart's K. 448. The same assessments were performed in two types of controls, 41 patients with nocturnal epilepsy and 40 healthy individuals. SHE showed significantly longer reaction time, lower accuracy, later onset of theta bursts in the mid-frontal region. Severity of them correlated positively with reaction time. During music exposure, theta activity synchronized with the rhythm. Music significantly shortened reaction time and increased accuracy in patients with SHE, while also shortening the interval until the onset of theta bursts. Our results suggest that SHE involves frontal network damage affecting inhibitory control, and that music therapy can mitigate this damage by facilitating onset of theta bursts. It also indicates that theta bursts may be useful for assessing therapeutic efficacy and for exploring ways to mitigate cognitive deficits in epilepsy patients with frontal network deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf166
Fei Xu, Guangdi Chen, Shin Jeon, Lynne Ling, Senthilvelan Manohar, Dalian Ding, Benjamin D Auerbach, Jae Lee, Soo-Kyung Lee, Wei Sun
{"title":"Foxg1 gene mutation impairs auditory cortex response and reduces sound tolerance.","authors":"Fei Xu, Guangdi Chen, Shin Jeon, Lynne Ling, Senthilvelan Manohar, Dalian Ding, Benjamin D Auerbach, Jae Lee, Soo-Kyung Lee, Wei Sun","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf166","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>FOXG1 syndrome (FS) is a rare and devastating neurodevelopmental disorder affected by FOXG1 gene mutations and reduced sound tolerance has been reported in children with FS. Effects of single missense mutation of Foxg1 gene on auditory function and behavior were studied using the G216S mouse model. G216S mice showed significantly reduced gap-induced prepulse inhibition, suggesting poor temporal processing without hearing loss. Increased running and freezing behaviors under loud sounds were also found in G216 mice, suggesting aversive sound behaviors. Electrophysiological assessment of the auditory cortex of G216 mice revealed a slightly reduced amplitude and enlarged poststimulus responses to the sound stimulus. The layer function analysis using current source density revealed reduced layer-specific response in the G216S mice. Immunocytochemistry found Foxg1 gene mutation affects cortical layer differentiations and reduced cortical neurons, which are consistent with the physiological results. Our study suggests that the Foxg1 mutation impaired cortical development. The results are consistent with other models of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), suggesting that the G216S mouse model may represent a hyperacusis model of ASD. Our results provide direct evidence that a single-nucleotide mutation of the Foxg1 gene can affect cortical layer development and auditory processing and reduce sound tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf162
Rosie Craddock, Cezar M Tigaret, Frank Sengpiel
{"title":"Disruptions in primary visual cortex physiology and function in a mouse model of Timothy syndrome.","authors":"Rosie Craddock, Cezar M Tigaret, Frank Sengpiel","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf162","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timothy syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CACNA1C gene, which encodes the L-type calcium channel α1 CaV1.2 subunit. While it is expressed throughout the body, the most serious symptoms are cardiac and neurological. Classical TS type 1 (TS1) and TS type 2 (TS2) mutations cause prolonged action potentials (APs) in cardiomyocytes and in induced neurons derived from pluripotent stem cells taken from TS patients, but the effects of TS mutations on neuronal function in vivo are not fully understood. TS is frequently associated with autistic traits, which in turn have been linked to altered sensory processing. Using the TS2-neo mouse model, we analyzed the effects of TS2 mutation on the visual system. We observed a widening of APs of pyramidal cells in ex vivo patch clamp recordings and an increase in the density of parvalbumin-positive cells in the primary visual cortex. Neurons from TS2-neo mice recorded extracellularly in vivo were less likely to respond to visual stimuli of low spatial frequency, but more likely to respond to visual stimuli of mid-to-high spatial frequency, compared to those from wild-type mice. These results point to a basic processing abnormality in the visual cortex of TS2-neo mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf139
Xuan Liu, Yongxin Guo, Qingmin Meng, Dong Cui, Gang Zheng, Ruhai Dou, Weifang Cao, Guanghui Yu, Qing Jiao
{"title":"Shared and specific patterns of interhemispheric functional connectivity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia revealed by BOLD fMRI.","authors":"Xuan Liu, Yongxin Guo, Qingmin Meng, Dong Cui, Gang Zheng, Ruhai Dou, Weifang Cao, Guanghui Yu, Qing Jiao","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are two kinds of serious psychiatric disorders. Despite different diagnostic criteria, the patients have significant biologic and clinical overlaps, challenging for the early identification, diagnosis, intervention, and management of these two diseases. Given the limited research on interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we included 38 schizophrenia patients, 34 bipolar disorder patients and 57 HCs from a publicly available fMRI dataset to investigate it across the whole brain by using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Correlation analyses were also performed to examine the associations between VMHC values, clinical symptoms, and neuropsychological tests. Our findings revealed that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder shared the functional alteration in the insula, exhibiting decreased VMHC compared to HCs, but the specific regions differed: bipolar disorder demonstrated alternations in the inferior occipital gyrus, while schizophrenia showed changes in the postcentral gyrus. Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed decreased VMHC relative to HCs. These alterations correlated with clinical symptoms, underscoring the importance of these brain regions in mental diseases. Our research provides new insights into the similarities and differences between the two diseases, suggesting that interhemispheric functional disconnection might critically contribute to the development and maintenance of these psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf161
Scarlett Horner, Thomas Rawliuk, Ryan M Ferstl, Andrew L Lyons, Janeen Martin, Diana J Gorbet, W Dale Stevens, Steven G Greening
{"title":"It's all connected! Multivariate pattern analysis of inter-network connectivity distinguishes between reappraisal and passive viewing of emotional scenes.","authors":"Scarlett Horner, Thomas Rawliuk, Ryan M Ferstl, Andrew L Lyons, Janeen Martin, Diana J Gorbet, W Dale Stevens, Steven G Greening","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf161","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Down-regulation using reappraisal is often associated with negative connectivity between prefrontal areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and areas associated with emotion such as the insula and amygdala, though a network perspective is often lacking in emotion regulation research. Whereas the dlPFC is associated with the attentional control network (ACN), the insula and amygdala are associated with the salience and limbic networks, respectively. The default mode network (DMN), including the ventromedial PFC, also contributes to emotion regulation. The present study sought to determine if inter-network functional connectivity can dissociate reappraising from passively viewing a negative image using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). Thirty-one participants completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task in which they reappraised and viewed negative images. Behavioral and skin conductance response results indicated that reappraisal was associated with reductions in negative affect compared to viewing. The univariate connectivity analysis revealed that connections between aspects of the DMN and ACN differed between reappraising versus viewing negative images. Notably, the inter-network connectivity MVPA results demonstrated that whether one was reappraising versus viewing an image could be predicted better than chance, with several connections reliably contributing to the model, including those between ACN and DMN.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144494897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf121
Wenxian Ruan, Jieying Chen, Yanhong Wu
{"title":"Neural responses to shared positive and negative experiences: unveiling the social feedback processing dynamics.","authors":"Wenxian Ruan, Jieying Chen, Yanhong Wu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the impacts of shared experience valence on the dynamic processing of social feedback. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded when participants performed an adapted social judgment paradigm with three stages: social feedback expectation, social feedback evaluation, and expectation updating. Behavioral analysis revealed higher acceptance expectation and lower rejection expectation in the shared positive experience (SPE) condition than in the shared negative experience (SNE) condition; receiving acceptance feedback increased acceptance expectation in the subsequent trial. EEG results revealed that at the social feedback expectation stage, rejection evoked a larger stimulus-preceding negativity magnitude than acceptance in the SNE but not SPE condition. At the social feedback evaluation stage, rejection feedback evoked a smaller early frontal theta than acceptance feedback in the SNE but not SPE condition; unexpected acceptance evoked a larger P300 than unexpected rejection in the SPE but not SNE condition. At the expectation updating stage, unexpected acceptance elicited larger late posterior theta than expected acceptance in the SNE but not SPE condition. These results suggest that shared positive experiences reduce vigilance toward impending rejection and increase sensitivity to pleasantness, whereas shared negative experiences blunt reactivity to rejection feedback and foster social learning from unexpected acceptance to enhance positive expectation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf128
Ze Zhang, Tengteng Tan, Furong Huang, Xingxu Xie, Lei Han, Jing Luo
{"title":"The induction of a specific mental set for problem solving is accompanied by increased neural representational similarities.","authors":"Ze Zhang, Tengteng Tan, Furong Huang, Xingxu Xie, Lei Han, Jing Luo","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mental set is a cognitive bias that results from repeatedly applying a stereotypical problem-solving strategy, which can hinder new and creative ideas. However, the neural mechanisms underlying mental set induction remain unclear. We hypothesized that repeated use of a strategy increases neural representation similarity, thus producing a mental set. To test this, we conducted representational similarity analysis across continuously presented mindset-induction trials using the same loose chunk decomposition problem-solving strategy. This induction was expected to impair the solving of subsequent probe trials requiring a more insightful tight chunk decomposition strategy. Results showed that neural representational similarity increased across loose chunk decomposition induction stages, particularly in regions related to cognitive control, mental operations, and the default mode network. These increases predicted activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and medial frontal lobe during tight chunk decomposition trials. Furthermore, the medial frontal lobe moderated the impact of increased similarity during mental set induction, affecting representational changes from loose chunk decomposition to tight chunk decomposition in perceptual, operative, and executive processing regions. In summary, our findings suggest that increased neural representational similarity in goal-directed mental manipulation networks and the default mode network supports mental set induction, enhancing conflict resolution and representational change during creative problem-solving with different strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral cortexPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf148
Sadettin Ersoy, Elif Hazal Ersoy, Aysegul Danis, Sule Aydın Turkoglu
{"title":"Trends and global productivity in artificial intelligence research in clinical neurology and neuroimaging: a bibliometric analysis from 1980 to 2024.","authors":"Sadettin Ersoy, Elif Hazal Ersoy, Aysegul Danis, Sule Aydın Turkoglu","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf148","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This bibliometric study examines the trends and global productivity of artificial intelligence (AI) research in clinical neurology and neuroimaging from 1980 to 2024. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science database, encompassing 5,020 publications focusing on AI in clinical neurology and neuroimaging. Among these, 2,687 were original research articles, predominantly published in English, with an average of 19.44 citations per article and an H-index of 90. Our analysis reveals a significant increase in publication activity, particularly after 2019, with the annual count peaking at 607 articles in 2024. The United States and China emerged as the leading contributors, and a strong positive correlation was found between publication productivity and both gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP purchasing power parity. However, no significant relationship was observed with the Human Development Index. Key research areas include radiology, psychiatry, and surgery, with machine learning and deep learning dominating the field. Regression models predict continued growth in AI-related research, underscoring its expanding role in advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. This study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and high-impact journals in shaping the future of AI applications in clinical neurology and neuroimaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}