Cerebral cortex最新文献_第7页

The magic of time: ambassador of neuroscience. 时间的魔力：神经科学大使。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf245

Marina A Pavlova

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What are we missing? What are we assuming? The need to foster feature discovery tools to improve statistical models. 我们错过了什么？我们在假设什么？需要培养特征发现工具来改进统计模型。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf241

Peter Bandettini

{"title":"What are we missing? What are we assuming? The need to foster feature discovery tools to improve statistical models.","authors":"Peter Bandettini","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf241","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf241","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) has been profoundly influential to neuroimaging as it has fostered rigorous, statistically grounded structure for model-based inferences that have led to mechanistic insights about the human brain over the past 30 years. The statistical constructs shared with the world through SPM have been instrumental for deriving meaning from neuroimaging data; however, they require simplifying assumptions which can provide results that, while statistically sound, may not accurately reflect the mechanisms of brain function. A platform that fosters the exploration of the rich and varying neuronal and physiologic underpinnings of the measured signals and their associations to behavior and physiologic measures needs a different set of tools. These tools, typically developed outside of platforms, allow rapid, iterative hypotheses testing, and flexibility. Rather than primarily working to build tools that account for and normalize sources of variability, platforms would benefit from building more exploratory tools that enable the community to characterize and understand this non-random variability in the signal as it is likely to be brimming with features that could catalyze new directions, as well as enhance the reach of statistical models.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Iron deposition and functional connectivity alterations in the right substantia nigra of adult males with autism. 成年男性自闭症右黑质铁沉积与功能连通性改变。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf216

Takashi Itahashi, Kazuyo Tanji, Yumi Shikauchi, Taiga Naoe, Tsukasa Okimura, Motoaki Nakamura, Haruhisa Ohta, Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto

{"title":"Iron deposition and functional connectivity alterations in the right substantia nigra of adult males with autism.","authors":"Takashi Itahashi, Kazuyo Tanji, Yumi Shikauchi, Taiga Naoe, Tsukasa Okimura, Motoaki Nakamura, Haruhisa Ohta, Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf216","url":null,"abstract":"The substantia nigra (SN) is a midbrain nucleus implicated not only in motor control and reward processing but also in higher-order cognitive functions. Iron homeostasis in this region is essential for neurotransmitter synthesis, especially for dopamine, and thus, iron dysregulation may contribute to the symptomatology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, iron deposition and functional circuits of the SN in the autistic brain remain underexplored. This study investigated iron deposition and functional connectivity (FC) of the SN in 53 adult males with ASD and 99 typically developing controls using quantitative susceptibility mapping and resting-state fMRI. Compared to controls, the ASD group exhibited higher magnetic susceptibility in the right SN, suggesting elevated iron deposition. Within the ASD group, higher iron deposition was associated with more severe socio-communicative deficits and reduced sensory-seeking behavior. Seed-based FC analyses further revealed that the ASD group exhibited stronger FC between the right SN and bilateral visual cortices and reduced FC with the right superior frontal gyrus. These results highlight the critical role of the SN in the autistic brain and indicate that altered iron homeostasis in the SN may contribute to disruptions in the dopaminergic system that underlie the core symptoms of ASD.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical parametric mapping: a catalyst for cognitive neuroscience. 统计参数映射：认知神经科学的催化剂。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf239

Klaas Enno Stephan

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Practice reshapes the geometry and dynamics of task-tailored representations. 实践重塑了任务定制表示的几何形状和动态。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf125

Atsushi Kikumoto, Kazuhisa Shibata, Takahiro Nishio, David Badre

{"title":"Practice reshapes the geometry and dynamics of task-tailored representations.","authors":"Atsushi Kikumoto, Kazuhisa Shibata, Takahiro Nishio, David Badre","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf125","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive practice makes task performance more efficient and precise, leading to automaticity. However, theories of automaticity differ on which levels of task representations (eg low-level features, stimulus-response mappings, or high-level conjunctive memories of individual events) change with practice, despite predicting the same pattern of improvement (eg power law of practice). To resolve this controversy, we built on recent theoretical advances in understanding computations through neural population dynamics. Specifically, we hypothesized that practice optimizes the neural representational geometry of task representations to minimally separate the highest-level task contingencies needed for successful performance. This involves efficiently reaching conjunctive neural states that integrate task-critical features nonlinearly while abstracting over noncritical dimensions. To test this hypothesis, human participants (n = 40) engaged in extensive practice of a simple, context-dependent action selection task over 3 d while recording electroencephalogram (EEG). During initial rapid improvement in task performance, representations of the highest-level, context-specific conjunctions of task- features were enhanced as a function of the number of successful episodes. Crucially, only enhancement of these conjunctive representations, and not lower-order representations, predicted the power-law improvement in performance. Simultaneously, over sessions, these conjunctive neural states became more stable earlier in time and more aligned, abstracting over redundant task features, which correlated with offline performance gain in reducing switch costs. Thus, practice optimizes the dynamic representational geometry as task-tailored neural states that minimally tesselate the task space, taming their high dimensionality.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging reveals differences in cortical expansion in fetuses with congenital heart defects. 纵向磁共振成像显示先天性心脏缺陷胎儿皮质扩张的差异。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf220

Kara E Garcia, Kaylin Taylor, Meghana Bhaskara, Clemente Velasco-Annis, John Vieth, Joshua Garrett, Jessica Patel, Benjamin Pointer, Sha Cao, Jane W Newburger, Ali Gholipour, Caitlin K Rollins, Cynthia M Ortinau

{"title":"Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging reveals differences in cortical expansion in fetuses with congenital heart defects.","authors":"Kara E Garcia, Kaylin Taylor, Meghana Bhaskara, Clemente Velasco-Annis, John Vieth, Joshua Garrett, Jessica Patel, Benjamin Pointer, Sha Cao, Jane W Newburger, Ali Gholipour, Caitlin K Rollins, Cynthia M Ortinau","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf220","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf220","url":null,"abstract":"For children with congenital heart disease (CHD), differences in brain structure are already present at birth. Cortical surface area and gyrification increase dramatically over the third trimester, and cortical expansion has been hypothesized to drive brain folding. This study sought to quantify differences in cortical expansion in fetuses with CHD and typically developing controls. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at early (26-31 weeks) and late (34-39 weeks) gestational time points, and cortical surfaces were reconstructed using a high resolution, motion-corrected pipeline. For fetuses with reconstructions at both time points (36 CHD, 24 control), anatomically-constrained multimodal surface matching (aMSM) was used to generate individualized maps of cortical surface expansion. Global analysis revealed significant reductions in total cortical expansion and gyrification index among CHD fetuses. Furthermore, expansion maps revealed high expansion in the lateral temporal lobes of control fetuses that was reduced in fetuses with CHD, consistent with previous reports of atypical folding in this region. This study is the first to reveal spatiotemporal patterns of cortical expansion in typical and atypical fetal development. This detailed understanding of cortical growth trajectory may improve understanding of functional deficits associated with specific cortical areas and inform clinical interventions for patients with CHD.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Neuromodulatory influences on propagation of traveling waves along the unimodal-transmodal gradient. 修正：沿单峰-跨峰梯度对行波传播的神经调节影响。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf236

引用次数: 0

Brain activation for language and its relationship to cognitive and linguistic measures. 语言的大脑激活及其与认知和语言测量的关系。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf231

Irene Balboni, Alessandra Rampinini, Olga Kepinska, Raphael Berthele, Narly Golestani

{"title":"Brain activation for language and its relationship to cognitive and linguistic measures.","authors":"Irene Balboni, Alessandra Rampinini, Olga Kepinska, Raphael Berthele, Narly Golestani","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf231","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf231","url":null,"abstract":"Language learning and use relies on domain-specific, domain-general cognitive and sensory-motor functions. Using fMRI during story listening and behavioral tests, we investigated brain-behavior associations between linguistic and non-linguistic measures in individuals with varied multilingual experience and reading skills, including typical reading participants (TRs) and dyslexic readers (DRs). Partial Least Square Correlation revealed a main component linking cognitive, linguistic, and phonological measures to amodal/associative brain areas. A second analysis only in TRs revealed a stronger association between cognitive, linguistic, literacy and phonological skills within the same brain network as in the full sample, suggesting better speech-print convergence in TRs. In this sample, an additional component involving speed, automatization, and lexical access was associated with less involvement in unimodal, lower-level auditory, and motor brain areas. The complementarity between the two components likely reflects TRs' reduced reliance on lower-level sensorimotor regions and greater engagement of higher-level cortices and skills. Overall, our work suggests convergence between behavioral measures of linguistic, domain-general cognitive and domain-specific non-linguistic skill, and between these behavioral measures and neural processing of language. This convergence is greater in TRs, suggesting more integrated processing in this group. Our work advocates a comprehensive, multimodal approach to understanding individual differences in language abilities and experience.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12418960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain-wide activation and deactivation maps during smooth and saccadic tracking in humans. 在人类的平滑和跳眼跟踪过程中，全脑激活和失活图。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf242

Tetsuya Yamamoto, Kenichiro Miura, Keiji Matsuda, Junya Matsumoto, Ryota Hashimoto, Seiji Ono, Norihiro Sadato, Masaki Fukunaga

{"title":"Brain-wide activation and deactivation maps during smooth and saccadic tracking in humans.","authors":"Tetsuya Yamamoto, Kenichiro Miura, Keiji Matsuda, Junya Matsumoto, Ryota Hashimoto, Seiji Ono, Norihiro Sadato, Masaki Fukunaga","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf242","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify brain activity modulations associated with different types of visual tracking using advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques developed by the Human Connectome Project (HCP) consortium. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 27 healthy volunteers using a 3-T scanner. During a single run, participants either fixated on a stationary visual target (fixation block) or tracked a smoothly moving or jumping target (smooth or saccadic tracking blocks), alternating across blocks. Data were preprocessed and analyzed using the HCP Pipelines. Compared to fixation, both smooth and saccadic tracking elicited significant activation across widespread cortical regions previously reported, along with deactivation in several others. Smooth tracking predominantly activated the occipital visual cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, retroinsular cortex, and postcentral gyrus. Saccadic tracking showed a similar activation-deactivation pattern but with broader cortical involvement, including the medial and basal surfaces of the occipital cortex, intraparietal sulcus, inferior parietal lobule, and the premotor and supplementary oculomotor areas. Subcortically, saccadic tracking involved greater activation of cerebellar lobules (up to VII) and the putamen. These findings support known regional contributions to eye movements and expand our understanding of the large-scale functional architecture of the visuo-oculomotor system, highlighting distinct neural circuits engaged by different types of eye movements.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145029007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive mapping of the thalamic commissures in the rodent brain. 啮齿类动物大脑丘脑通讯的综合制图。

IF 2.9 2区医学

Cerebral cortex Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaf222

Pamela Meneses Iack, Diego Szczupak, Danielle Rayêe, Daniel M Guimarães, Emily Castro-Fonseca, Júlia Drumond, Michelle Lourenço, Rodrigo J Vianna-Barbosa, Afonso C Silva, Roberto Lent

{"title":"Comprehensive mapping of the thalamic commissures in the rodent brain.","authors":"Pamela Meneses Iack, Diego Szczupak, Danielle Rayêe, Daniel M Guimarães, Emily Castro-Fonseca, Júlia Drumond, Michelle Lourenço, Rodrigo J Vianna-Barbosa, Afonso C Silva, Roberto Lent","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf222","url":null,"abstract":"Brain commissures are antiparallel white matter fiber bundles that connect both hemispheres across the midsagittal plane at different anatomical levels. In the mammalian brain, the best-known commissures are the corpus callosum, the anterior and the posterior commissures. Recent studies have identified a new white matter pathway, the thalamic commissures (TCs), that connect the cortex to the contralateral thalamus in rodents and primates. However, the specific cortical regions that project via the TCs and their target thalamic nuclei are still unknown. To thoroughly and accurately map this projectome, we utilized the mouse Allen Brain Institute connectivity atlas. Our results indicate that not all cortical regions project via the TCs, with most of these regions concentrated in the rostral portion of the brain. In addition, our data suggest that the TCs projections are very numerous, although less robust than the ipsilateral counterpart. Furthermore, these projections had a high degree of bilateral symmetry. We did not find any projections from the thalamus to the contralateral cortex, suggesting that the TCs are not reciprocal. Our findings reinforce the concept of the thalamus as an interhemispheric connectivity hub and suggest that the TCs might play a role in interhemispheric functional modulation.","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0