Cerebral cortex最新文献

{"title":"Neural state changes during movie watching relate to episodic memory in younger and older adults.","authors":"Sarah E Henderson, Djamari Oetringer, Linda Geerligs, Karen L Campbell","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event segmentation is a key feature underlying the ability to remember real-life occurrences. At the neural level, event boundaries have been shown to align with boundaries between neural states-stable patterns of brain activity maintained over time. These neural states provide a valuable window into the neural underpinnings of event perception. To investigate how neural state boundaries relate to memory across the lifespan, we used the data-driven Greedy State Boundary Search method to implicitly identify neural state changes in younger and older adults' electroencephalography data during movie watching. Memory for the movie was tested and related to (1) neural state correspondence across individuals and (2) the degree to which the pattern of activity changes at boundaries. Neural state boundaries significantly aligned across people, but did not differ with age nor relate to memory. The degree of change at neural state boundaries also did not differ with age, but was positively related to memory for the movie. These findings suggest that age differences in the perception of naturalistic events may be less pronounced than previously thought, at least when measured implicitly, and that greater distinction between successive neural states relates to better memory for one's experiences regardless of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-wide connectivity changes due to social-emotional regulation during a naturalistic fMRI task.","authors":"Christopher J Hyatt, Bruce E Wexler, Gretchen J Diefenbach, Gabriel S Dichter, Carla A Mazefsky, Lavinia C Uscatescu, Julie Wolf, Robert A Sahl, Brian Pittman, Godfrey D Pearlson, Michal Assaf","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf118","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social-emotional (SE) regulation is necessary for successful social interactions. Such emotion regulation (ER), however, has been examined in only a few studies using naturalistic SE tasks during functional neuroimaging. We examined ER in typically developed young adults (n = 62) watching and listening to a video of a person telling an emotional (positive, negative) or neutral story during functional MRI. We calculated brain-wide voxel-to-voxel functional connectivity (FC) using data-driven functional connectivity multivariate pattern analysis. Participants made two visits, the first involving only passive video viewing, while the second visit included application of an ER reappraisal strategy during video viewing. Contrasts of video emotion type across visits (main effect of Emotion) demonstrated regional FC differences depending on emotion type while contrasts between passive and ER visits (main effect of Regulation) showed significant FC differences involving left temporoparietal junction, left supramarginal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and precuneus. We found no significant Emotion by Regulation interaction. Our results suggest prefrontal involvement in implicit ER (negative stimuli) and the role of medial posterior regions associated with the default mode network (PCC and precuneus) during explicit ER and provide insight into the neural substrates underlying introspective SE cognition central to ER strategies such as reappraisal and mindfulness.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Hemispheric asymmetry of the white matter microstructure in schizophrenia patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociable neural networks for processing fearful bodily expressions at different spatial frequencies.","authors":"Maria-Chiara Villa, Alessio Borriero, Matteo Diano, Tommaso Ciorli, Alessia Celeghin, Beatrice de Gelder, Marco Tamietto","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human brain processes visual input across various spatial frequency (SF) ranges to extract emotional cues. Prior studies have extensively explored SF processing in facial expressions, yielding partly conflicting results. However, bodily expressions, which provide complementary emotional and survival-relevant cues, remain unexplored. We investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of low (LSF), high (HSF), and broad spatial frequency (BSF) components in fearful versus neutral bodily postures. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we examined brain activity in 20 participants viewing SF-filtered images of bodily expressions in a semi-passive task. A multivariate \"searchlight\" analysis based on Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis was employed to decode the non-linear activation patterns associated with each SF band. Our findings reveal that SF processing engages distinct neural networks in response to fearful bodily expressions. BSF stimuli activated a widespread network, including the amygdala, pulvinar, frontal, and temporal cortices. These findings suggest a general threat-detection system integrating information across all SFs. HSF stimuli engaged cortical regions associated with detailed emotional evaluation and motor planning, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and premotor areas, suggesting that processing fine-grained fear cues involves computationally demanding networks related to emotional resonance and action preparation. In contrast, LSF stimuli primarily activated motor-preparatory regions linked to rapid, action-oriented responses, highlighting the brain prioritization of quick readiness to low-detail threats. Notably, the amygdala showed no SF selectivity, supporting its role as a generalized \"relevance detector\" in emotional processing. The present study demonstrates that the brain flexibly adapts its SF processing strategy based on the visual details available in fearful bodily expressions, underscoring the complexity and adaptability of emotional processing from bodily signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of core brain networks with antipsychotic therapeutic effects in first-episode schizophrenia.","authors":"Yuling Luo, Tianyuan Zhu, Yu Zhang, Jiamin Fan, Xiaojun Zuo, Xiaorong Feng, Jinnan Gong, Dezhong Yao, Jijun Wang, Cheng Luo","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating neurobiological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of antipsychotic treatment will be of great value for precision medicine in schizophrenia, yet there has been limited progress. We combined static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) analysis to examine the abnormal communications among core brain networks [default-mode network (DMN), central executive network (CEN), salience network (SN), primary network (PN), and subcortical network (SCN) in clinical subtypes of schizophrenia (responders and nonresponders to antipsychotic monotherapy). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 79 first-episode schizophrenia and 90 healthy controls. All patients received antipsychotic monotherapy for up to 12 weeks and underwent a second scan. We found that significantly reduced static FC in CEN-DMN/SN and SN-SCN were observed in nonresponders after treatment, whereas almost no difference was observed in responders. The nonresponders showed significantly higher dynamic FC in PN-DMN/SN than responders at baseline. Further, the baseline FC in core brain networks were treated as moderators involved in symptom relief and distinguished response subtypes with high classification accuracy. Collectively, the current work highlights the potential of communications among five core brain networks in searching biomarkers of antipsychotic monotherapy response and neuroanatomical subtypes, advancing the understanding of antipsychotic treatment mechanisms in schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-trial characterization of frontal theta and parietal alpha oscillatory episodes during spatial navigation in humans.","authors":"Mireia Torralba-Cuello, Angela Marti-Marca, Márta Szabina Pápai, Salvador Soto-Faraco","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theoretical proposals and empirical findings both highlight the relevance of theta brain oscillations in human spatial navigation. However, whilst the general assumption is that the relevant theta band activity is purely oscillatory, most empirical studies fail to disentangle oscillatory episodes from wide band activity. In addition, experimental approaches often rely on averaged activity across trials and subjects, disregarding moment-to-moment fluctuations in theta activity, contingent on key aspects of the task. Here, we used novel oscillation detection approaches to investigate the dynamics of theta and alpha episodes in human subjects performing a spatial navigation task in a virtual reality environment, resolved at single-trial level. The results suggest that bouts of frontal theta oscillatory activity are related to task difficulty and access to previously encoded information, across different timescales. Parietal alpha episodes, instead, seem to anticipate successful navigational decisions and could be related to shifts in internal attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in information segregation and integration of aMCI based on low- and high-order functional connectivity.","authors":"Rui Su, Haibo Yang, Yina Zhao, Chenru Hao, Pengxiang Du, Ping Xie, Yi Yuan, Xin Li","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain functional networks have studied amnestic mild cognitive impairment diagnosis. However, the abnormal patterns of amnestic mild cognitive impairment brain networks based on electroencephalography have not yet been resolved. In this study, a new method, the genuine low-order functional connectivity and high-order functional connection, integrates multilayer network information and dynamic network theory to analyze the characteristics of amnestic mild cognitive impairment function coupling. Meanwhile, the assessment framework combined dynamic brain functional networks and multidimensional metrics to diagnose amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Using the new method, this paper analyzed 28 amnestic mild cognitive impairment cases and 21 normal controls from clinical electroencephalography data. The results indicate that, except for the delta band, the connection strength of different amnestic mild cognitive impairment networks is lower than that of normal controls. The alpha and beta bands normal control's network metric greater than amnestic mild cognitive impairment showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the significant difference in state entropy between the amnestic mild cognitive impairment and normal controls disappeared in the delta band of the 10 s window and the beta band of the 2 s window in the dynamic high-order functional connection. The amnestic mild cognitive impairment brain functional network exhibits abnormal features. Meanwhile, the alpha and beta bands could be sensitive to diagnose amnestic mild cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency oscillations in autism spectrum disorder: are they related to clinical severity?","authors":"Burçin Şanlidağ, Furkan Donbaloğlu, Mehpare Sari Yanartaş, Boran Şekeroğlu, Arzu Yilmaz, Özlem Yayici Köken","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-frequency oscillations are oscillatory high-frequency (>80 Hz) signals that can be physiological or pathological. Physiological high-frequency oscillations related to sleep spindles have been reported. In addition, some reports indicate that high-frequency oscillations are a marker for the prediction of seizures. Our aim was to explore the presence of high-frequency oscillations in children with autism spectrum disorder and their relationship with clinical symptoms. Fifty-two children with autism spectrum disorder and 49 healthy children were enrolled in the study. EEG records were evaluated via the open-source Python library magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (MNE)-high-frequency oscillation for the detection of scalp high-frequency oscillations and sleep spindles detected by open-source YASA. SPSS version 22 used for statistical analysis. The duration of sleep spindle was shorter, and the frequency was significantly greater, in children with autism spectrum disorder than in healthy controls. High-frequency oscillations unrelated to sleep spindle were more common in children with autism spectrum disorder (P < 0.01). Younger children with autism spectrum disorder had particularly more high-frequency oscillations unrelated to sleep spindle (P < 0.01). Within the autism spectrum disorder group of patients, high-frequency oscillations unrelated to sleep spindle were significantly greater in subgroups with moderate-severe social interaction problems (P < 0.01), moderate-severe restricted interest (P = 0.018), and severe linguistic delays (P = 0.006). High-frequency oscillations might be a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder that might be used in clinical settings that warrants further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced concentrative absorption meditation reorganizes functional connectivity gradients of the brain: 7T MRI and phenomenology case study of jhana meditation.","authors":"Umay Demir, Winson Fu Zun Yang, Matthew D Sacchet","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing scientific interest in advanced meditation, and particularly the Theravada Buddhist advanced concentrative absorption meditation known as jhana (ACAM-J). ACAM-J includes a series of eight consecutive meditative states, which are radically altered states of consciousness. The neuroscience of ACAM-J, specifically brain reorganization, remains underspecified in part due to the difficulty of finding and studying expert ACAM-J meditators and challenges related to laboratory investigation of ACAM-J. Using a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique applied to human functional neuroimaging in an intensive case study, we investigated brain reorganization during ACAM-J. We applied linear mixed models and correlations to explore relations among brain reorganization and ACAM-J phenomenology. Results demonstrated that ACAM-J induces disruption of the hierarchical organization of the brain by shifting the gradients toward a more globally integrated rather than segregated state between sensory-related and higher-order cognitive regions. Additionally, ACAM-J induces a separation between sensory-related and attention modulation-related regions, resulting in greater differentiation in functional organization of these regions, consistent with phenomenological reports. This study highlights the need for further research into brain reorganization and health-related implications of both short-term and long-term practice of ACAM-J. Key points/highlights The neuroscience of advanced concentrative absorption meditation (ACAM) has the potential to improve our knowledge of well-being and altered states of consciousness but remains underexplored due to methodological challenges. We investigated functional reorganization of the brain during ACAM-J using gradient analysis and demonstrated that ACAM-J disrupts the hierarchical organization of the brain during meditation. Additionally, we demonstrated that ACAM-J increases differentiation between primary sensory areas and areas related to attention modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11990890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation of motor cortex enhances corticospinal excitability and brain connectivity in healthy individuals.","authors":"Ziyu Guo, Huiqing Qiu, Yang Li, Shuaixiang Wang, Yan Gao, Mengwei Yuan, Sha He, Fangyuan Yan, Yuping Wang, Xiaowei Ma","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhaf093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaf093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortical excitability, the tendency of neurons to respond to various stimuli, is impaired in most neuropsychiatric conditions. Non-invasive brain stimulation can exert therapeutic effects by modulating the cortical excitability. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) have shown promise in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including improving cognitive abilities and motor function following stroke. Oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (otDCS), as a novel stimulation paradigm, combines tDCS and tACS to simultaneously regulate neuronal membrane potentials and oscillatory rhythms. This combination may produce more significant effects on neurons. To investigate this, participants received the following stimuli for 20 min on different days: (i) 2 mA 40 Hz otDCS, (ii) 2 mA 40 Hz tACS, (iii) 2 mA tDCS, and (iv) sham stimulation. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) were assessed both before and after stimulation. The increase in MEPs amplitudes was most pronounced under otDCS conditions compared with tACS and tDCS. Furthermore, analysis of TMS-EEG data revealed that changes in time-varying brain network patterns were most pronounced after otDCS, manifesting as enhanced brain-wide information connectivity. Our results indicate that gamma otDCS has significant potential for regulating cortical excitability and activating brain networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9715,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral cortex","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}